PDF - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... interest, but also over the preceding and following onsets and offsets (Aronov et al. 2008). For this reason, rate histograms of neurons with onset- and offset-locked firing appear periodic and exhibit side peaks and troughs. Thus, for each histogram with a significant rate change, we defined the “d ...
... interest, but also over the preceding and following onsets and offsets (Aronov et al. 2008). For this reason, rate histograms of neurons with onset- and offset-locked firing appear periodic and exhibit side peaks and troughs. Thus, for each histogram with a significant rate change, we defined the “d ...
Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... pipette tip (20 l, 15 mm length, 0.3 mm in diameter) was threaded into one nostril, and ⬃100 l of a 0.125% Triton X-100 solution (in saline) was infused gently into the nares. After 5 min, the infusate was withdrawn back into the pipette tip, which was then removed. Rats were then placed in a pron ...
... pipette tip (20 l, 15 mm length, 0.3 mm in diameter) was threaded into one nostril, and ⬃100 l of a 0.125% Triton X-100 solution (in saline) was infused gently into the nares. After 5 min, the infusate was withdrawn back into the pipette tip, which was then removed. Rats were then placed in a pron ...
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
... were included in the analysis. In total, MUA recordings from each rat experiment were obtained for 3 weeks or more. Enzyme and drug administration (rat). Tryptophan side chain oxidase type I (TSOI; 20 units) was diluted in 3 ml of saline and injected intraperitoneally under light diethyl ether anest ...
... were included in the analysis. In total, MUA recordings from each rat experiment were obtained for 3 weeks or more. Enzyme and drug administration (rat). Tryptophan side chain oxidase type I (TSOI; 20 units) was diluted in 3 ml of saline and injected intraperitoneally under light diethyl ether anest ...
Dual inhibition of the dactyl opener muscle in lobster
... Values are means ± s.d. The membrane potential at which the IJP reversed polarity was measured intracellularly as temperature was increased from 2 to 22°C. In five of the experiments, CI and OI were monitored in the same muscle fiber. ...
... Values are means ± s.d. The membrane potential at which the IJP reversed polarity was measured intracellularly as temperature was increased from 2 to 22°C. In five of the experiments, CI and OI were monitored in the same muscle fiber. ...
Autonomous and nonautonomous functions for Hox/Pbx in
... et al., 1998). Anterior expression limits of these Hox genes correspond to rhombomere boundaries, and loss-of-function analyses in the mouse and zebrafish have shown that Hox genes play a critical role in the specification of rhombomere identities, including aspects of branchiomotor neuron developme ...
... et al., 1998). Anterior expression limits of these Hox genes correspond to rhombomere boundaries, and loss-of-function analyses in the mouse and zebrafish have shown that Hox genes play a critical role in the specification of rhombomere identities, including aspects of branchiomotor neuron developme ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... gustatory receptor normally involved in avoidance behaviors, receive input for both attractive and aversive preferences. We hypothesized that these opposing responses may result from activation of distinct Gr66a-expressing neurons. Using tissue-specific rescue experiments, we found that Gr66a-expres ...
... gustatory receptor normally involved in avoidance behaviors, receive input for both attractive and aversive preferences. We hypothesized that these opposing responses may result from activation of distinct Gr66a-expressing neurons. Using tissue-specific rescue experiments, we found that Gr66a-expres ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... Research in the field of neuromorphic- and cognitive- computing has generated a lot of interest in recent years. With potential application in fields such as large-scale data driven computing, robotics, intelligent autonomous systems to name a few, bio-inspired computing paradigms are being investig ...
... Research in the field of neuromorphic- and cognitive- computing has generated a lot of interest in recent years. With potential application in fields such as large-scale data driven computing, robotics, intelligent autonomous systems to name a few, bio-inspired computing paradigms are being investig ...
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural
... using materials from [1] and new electron micrographs reported an updated set of data on electrical and chemical connections of the hermaphrodite worm. Although [3] was published in 2011, this updated connectivity dataset had been obtained before, and employed for example, in [4]. This refined datas ...
... using materials from [1] and new electron micrographs reported an updated set of data on electrical and chemical connections of the hermaphrodite worm. Although [3] was published in 2011, this updated connectivity dataset had been obtained before, and employed for example, in [4]. This refined datas ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... innervation positively regulates mRNAs that promote CBF neuronal function and survival. GAL also exerts neuroprotective effects in rodent models of neurotoxicity. These data support the growing concept that GAL overexpression preserves CBF neuron function which in turn may slow the onset of AD sympt ...
... innervation positively regulates mRNAs that promote CBF neuronal function and survival. GAL also exerts neuroprotective effects in rodent models of neurotoxicity. These data support the growing concept that GAL overexpression preserves CBF neuron function which in turn may slow the onset of AD sympt ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... assume appropriate positions in order to establish precise connectivity patterns (for review see Guillemot, 2007). However, the exact mechanisms that fine-tune the specification of the myriad of neuronal subtypes remain unknown. ...
... assume appropriate positions in order to establish precise connectivity patterns (for review see Guillemot, 2007). However, the exact mechanisms that fine-tune the specification of the myriad of neuronal subtypes remain unknown. ...
Chapter 7
... inactivate. K channels open, and K rushes out; interior of cell more negative than outside. ...
... inactivate. K channels open, and K rushes out; interior of cell more negative than outside. ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... (nAChRs) in the PFC to enhance working memory and attention and Bunney, 1983; Ungless et al., 2004), we do acknowledge that there are (Levin, 1992; Granon et al., 1995; Levin et al., 2006; Counotte et al., the technical limitations in the determination of the identities of our 2011; Guillem et al., ...
... (nAChRs) in the PFC to enhance working memory and attention and Bunney, 1983; Ungless et al., 2004), we do acknowledge that there are (Levin, 1992; Granon et al., 1995; Levin et al., 2006; Counotte et al., the technical limitations in the determination of the identities of our 2011; Guillem et al., ...
THE YIN AND YANG OF NEUROTROPHIN ACTION
... sortilin BOX 1, a receptor that is localized mainly intracellularly34,35, controls the mode of BDNF secretion36. Sortilin is co-localized with BDNF in secretory granules in neurons, and interacts with two sub-regions, ‘box 2’ (which contains Val66) and ‘box 3’, both of which are in the pro-domain ...
... sortilin BOX 1, a receptor that is localized mainly intracellularly34,35, controls the mode of BDNF secretion36. Sortilin is co-localized with BDNF in secretory granules in neurons, and interacts with two sub-regions, ‘box 2’ (which contains Val66) and ‘box 3’, both of which are in the pro-domain ...
Protease Nexin-1 and Thrombin Modulate Neuronal Ca*+
... Caz+ extrusion/buffering systems, membrane depolarization, excessive glutamate release, and NMDA glutamate receptor activation (Siesjo et al., 1989; Cheng and Mattson, 1992; Martin et al., 1994). Excitotoxicity is believed to contribute to neuronal injury and death in a variety of acute and chronic ...
... Caz+ extrusion/buffering systems, membrane depolarization, excessive glutamate release, and NMDA glutamate receptor activation (Siesjo et al., 1989; Cheng and Mattson, 1992; Martin et al., 1994). Excitotoxicity is believed to contribute to neuronal injury and death in a variety of acute and chronic ...
needle emg examination of the foot
... pedis). Even widely used reference books for needle EMG techniques include only a very limited number of intrinsic foot muscles.10 The following section will describe in detail how to perform needle EMG examination of numerous intrinsic foot muscles along with their most likely peripheral innervatio ...
... pedis). Even widely used reference books for needle EMG techniques include only a very limited number of intrinsic foot muscles.10 The following section will describe in detail how to perform needle EMG examination of numerous intrinsic foot muscles along with their most likely peripheral innervatio ...
descending projections from the trigeminal ganglion and
... literature reveals that each of these nerves has its own peripheral innervation area. Briefly, the ophtalmic nerve innervates the forehead, upper eyelid, cornea, conjunctiva, dorsum of the nose, and the mucosa of frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, and the anterior portion of the nose; the maxill ...
... literature reveals that each of these nerves has its own peripheral innervation area. Briefly, the ophtalmic nerve innervates the forehead, upper eyelid, cornea, conjunctiva, dorsum of the nose, and the mucosa of frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, and the anterior portion of the nose; the maxill ...
PDF version - Richard Andersen
... (x,y) = (2Oi, 20j) where i,j = - l,O, 1, and (0,O) is the animal’s fixation point. These locations will henceforth be called “20” grid.” Linear approximations for the horizontal and vertical eyeposition signalswere calculated from this calibration run. Eye-position calibration varied from day to day ...
... (x,y) = (2Oi, 20j) where i,j = - l,O, 1, and (0,O) is the animal’s fixation point. These locations will henceforth be called “20” grid.” Linear approximations for the horizontal and vertical eyeposition signalswere calculated from this calibration run. Eye-position calibration varied from day to day ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... studied the activity of crude type A toxin in synaptosomes prepared from brains of guinea-pigs. They found that toxin did not reduce the formation of acetylcholine, but depressed its release. Bigalke et al. (1978) first examined the effect of the toxin (crystalline type A toxin, M , 900000) on prima ...
... studied the activity of crude type A toxin in synaptosomes prepared from brains of guinea-pigs. They found that toxin did not reduce the formation of acetylcholine, but depressed its release. Bigalke et al. (1978) first examined the effect of the toxin (crystalline type A toxin, M , 900000) on prima ...
Glia–Neuron Interactions in Nervous System Function
... be possible, in principle, to generate glia harboring mutations that aVect neuronal function but not survival. Although these approaches have proven quite informative, it is yet unclear how relevant these studies are to the functioning of the nervous system in vivo. Glial alterations leading to obvi ...
... be possible, in principle, to generate glia harboring mutations that aVect neuronal function but not survival. Although these approaches have proven quite informative, it is yet unclear how relevant these studies are to the functioning of the nervous system in vivo. Glial alterations leading to obvi ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... blocks this growth through inactivation of integrins (Tan et al., 2011). Forced activation of integrins can allow axons to overcome this inhibition (Hu and Strittmatter, 2008; Tan et al. 2011). By increasing the pool of ␣9 integrin in DRG neurons using adeno-associated virus (AAV), a modest increase ...
... blocks this growth through inactivation of integrins (Tan et al., 2011). Forced activation of integrins can allow axons to overcome this inhibition (Hu and Strittmatter, 2008; Tan et al. 2011). By increasing the pool of ␣9 integrin in DRG neurons using adeno-associated virus (AAV), a modest increase ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... increased their bursting activity (Fig. 5a, right), detected as an increase in the number of bursts episodes (Fig. 5b) and a higher burst probability (Fig. 5c). Accordingly, we observed a tendency for an increase in the proportion of spikes within bursts only after LDT axon stimulation (Fig. 5d). In ...
... increased their bursting activity (Fig. 5a, right), detected as an increase in the number of bursts episodes (Fig. 5b) and a higher burst probability (Fig. 5c). Accordingly, we observed a tendency for an increase in the proportion of spikes within bursts only after LDT axon stimulation (Fig. 5d). In ...
Molecular and functional analysis of Drosophila single
... (Pielage et al., 2002). The role of sim in the optic lobes was functionally investigated and shown to play a role in the differentiation of laminar precursor cells into mature neurons (Umetsu et al., 2006). Mammals have two sim genes, Sim1 and Sim2 (reviewed in Fan et al. (1996)). Sim1 is expressed ...
... (Pielage et al., 2002). The role of sim in the optic lobes was functionally investigated and shown to play a role in the differentiation of laminar precursor cells into mature neurons (Umetsu et al., 2006). Mammals have two sim genes, Sim1 and Sim2 (reviewed in Fan et al. (1996)). Sim1 is expressed ...
NK1 receptor-expressing spinoparabrachial neurons trigger diffuse
... those of WDR neurons in lamina V of the spinal DH and MDH [17,29,30,50]. As for the neurons of the deep laminae of the spinal DH, Sp5O neurons are indirectly activated by cutaneous C-fiber input [18,58]. Accordingly, there is evidence for ipsilateral connections between the MDH and the Sp5O, emanatin ...
... those of WDR neurons in lamina V of the spinal DH and MDH [17,29,30,50]. As for the neurons of the deep laminae of the spinal DH, Sp5O neurons are indirectly activated by cutaneous C-fiber input [18,58]. Accordingly, there is evidence for ipsilateral connections between the MDH and the Sp5O, emanatin ...
Frontiers in Zoology - Deep Metazoan Phylogeny
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...