Assembly and Function of Spinal Circuits for Motor Control
... transcription factors. Recent evidence indicates that repressive interactions among these factors lead to a stable memory of Shh signaling (Balaskas et al. 2012). These intrinsic repressive networks establish and maintain sharp boundaries between progenitor domains and ensure the production of defin ...
... transcription factors. Recent evidence indicates that repressive interactions among these factors lead to a stable memory of Shh signaling (Balaskas et al. 2012). These intrinsic repressive networks establish and maintain sharp boundaries between progenitor domains and ensure the production of defin ...
M1 Corticospinal Mirror Neurons and Their Role in
... lead to movement. To understand this, we recorded from identified corticospinal neurons in M1 and showed that, although many of these neurons exhibit mirror-like activity, there were major differences in their pattern and extent of discharge during action execution versus action observation. We trai ...
... lead to movement. To understand this, we recorded from identified corticospinal neurons in M1 and showed that, although many of these neurons exhibit mirror-like activity, there were major differences in their pattern and extent of discharge during action execution versus action observation. We trai ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... Information processing in the cortex is believed to be facilitated by the interaction of large numbers of synaptically connected neurons. The combination of the computation individual neurons perform on their input with the pattern of flow of activation between the neurons create population activati ...
... Information processing in the cortex is believed to be facilitated by the interaction of large numbers of synaptically connected neurons. The combination of the computation individual neurons perform on their input with the pattern of flow of activation between the neurons create population activati ...
Physiological patterns in the hippocampo
... Stellate neurons have distinct electrophysiological characteristics that could endow them with distinct functional properties (Alonso and Llinás, 1989; Klink and Alonso, 1993a,b). Chiefly, stellate neurons exhibit subthreshold membrane potential oscillations at theta frequency upon depolarization d ...
... Stellate neurons have distinct electrophysiological characteristics that could endow them with distinct functional properties (Alonso and Llinás, 1989; Klink and Alonso, 1993a,b). Chiefly, stellate neurons exhibit subthreshold membrane potential oscillations at theta frequency upon depolarization d ...
Pereda 2014
... Box 1 | The debate over the nature of synaptic transmission S. Ramón y Cajal and C. Sherrington, the fathers of modern neuroscience, established that networks of multiple elementary units, called ‘neurons’, communicate with each other through functional specializations called ‘synapses’. Their semin ...
... Box 1 | The debate over the nature of synaptic transmission S. Ramón y Cajal and C. Sherrington, the fathers of modern neuroscience, established that networks of multiple elementary units, called ‘neurons’, communicate with each other through functional specializations called ‘synapses’. Their semin ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... oscillatory activity patterns triggered by sensory information can change the intrinsic circadian rhythms (for review, see Thut et al., 2012). Oscillatory activity patterns contribute to the sensory perception in brain. Sensory periphery input is detected and selected basing on single neuron intrins ...
... oscillatory activity patterns triggered by sensory information can change the intrinsic circadian rhythms (for review, see Thut et al., 2012). Oscillatory activity patterns contribute to the sensory perception in brain. Sensory periphery input is detected and selected basing on single neuron intrins ...
Physiological Patterns in the Hippocampo
... Stellate neurons have distinct electrophysiological characteristics that could endow them with distinct functional properties (Alonso and Llinás, 1989; Klink and Alonso, 1993a,b). Chiefly, stellate neurons exhibit subthreshold membrane potential oscillations at theta frequency upon depolarization d ...
... Stellate neurons have distinct electrophysiological characteristics that could endow them with distinct functional properties (Alonso and Llinás, 1989; Klink and Alonso, 1993a,b). Chiefly, stellate neurons exhibit subthreshold membrane potential oscillations at theta frequency upon depolarization d ...
Hypergravity hinders axonal development of motor neurons
... Earth and its stable gravitational conditions. Altering gravity can have profound impacts on the human body. This is especially relevant with the possibility of long-term space travel and habitation and the associated changes in gravity in different space environments. Although some of the effects o ...
... Earth and its stable gravitational conditions. Altering gravity can have profound impacts on the human body. This is especially relevant with the possibility of long-term space travel and habitation and the associated changes in gravity in different space environments. Although some of the effects o ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
Alexander et al., 2009
... fields. Due to the simple nature of DREADDs, introduction into animal systems (see below, Implementation), routine laboratory equipment is often sufficient for applying chemogenetic techniques into any laboratory setting. As this technology relies on GPCRs, the subdomains can be modified to change t ...
... fields. Due to the simple nature of DREADDs, introduction into animal systems (see below, Implementation), routine laboratory equipment is often sufficient for applying chemogenetic techniques into any laboratory setting. As this technology relies on GPCRs, the subdomains can be modified to change t ...
A Circuit for Detection of Interaural Time Differences in the Brain
... determined in preliminary experiments and checked by HRP injections as described above. Each penetration was marked on a drawing of the floor of the fourth ventricle, using the distinctive patterns of blood vessels as a guide to the approximate mediolateral position and best frequency of the underly ...
... determined in preliminary experiments and checked by HRP injections as described above. Each penetration was marked on a drawing of the floor of the fourth ventricle, using the distinctive patterns of blood vessels as a guide to the approximate mediolateral position and best frequency of the underly ...
Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
Sodium Weighted Clinical Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging at
... was difficult to discriminate CSF in the subarachnoid space from cortex in Na MR images. CSF and fluid-filled regions like ventricles and eyes showed slow T2 decay while cortex showed fast T2 measurements. The images are sequential cross-sectional representation extending from top of the head in the ...
... was difficult to discriminate CSF in the subarachnoid space from cortex in Na MR images. CSF and fluid-filled regions like ventricles and eyes showed slow T2 decay while cortex showed fast T2 measurements. The images are sequential cross-sectional representation extending from top of the head in the ...
Sample
... b) an electrical current initiated in the cell body which flows the length of the axon c) the opening of ion channels, promoting a negative charge within the axonal membrane Incorrect. The opening of ion channels promotes a positive internal charge, not a negative one. d) the transmission of neurona ...
... b) an electrical current initiated in the cell body which flows the length of the axon c) the opening of ion channels, promoting a negative charge within the axonal membrane Incorrect. The opening of ion channels promotes a positive internal charge, not a negative one. d) the transmission of neurona ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... the essential principles of the basal ganglia function. One strategy for approaching this complexity in a tractable manner is to focus on one aspect of behaviour in which the basal ganglia are deeply involved. To this end, we chose ‘reward-oriented behaviour’ which is likely to require all the menta ...
... the essential principles of the basal ganglia function. One strategy for approaching this complexity in a tractable manner is to focus on one aspect of behaviour in which the basal ganglia are deeply involved. To this end, we chose ‘reward-oriented behaviour’ which is likely to require all the menta ...
Activity Regulates the Incidence of Heteronymous Sensory
... sensory activation of synergistic motor pools and their recipient muscles has a role in stabilizing joint trajectories (Burkholder and Nicols, 2000). The precision and evolutionary fidelity evident in this weighted sensory-motor connectivity matrix imply selectivity in synapse formation, yet the cel ...
... sensory activation of synergistic motor pools and their recipient muscles has a role in stabilizing joint trajectories (Burkholder and Nicols, 2000). The precision and evolutionary fidelity evident in this weighted sensory-motor connectivity matrix imply selectivity in synapse formation, yet the cel ...
Inhibitory interneurons in a cortical column form hot zones of
... Only on the basis of such prevalence numbers is it possible to interpret data on single-cell physiology (1–8) and synaptic connections of pairs of neurons (9–12) at the circuit level. The distribution of cortical neurons and INs has therefore been the objective of several studies over the past decad ...
... Only on the basis of such prevalence numbers is it possible to interpret data on single-cell physiology (1–8) and synaptic connections of pairs of neurons (9–12) at the circuit level. The distribution of cortical neurons and INs has therefore been the objective of several studies over the past decad ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... stimulus rather than to habituation due to the repetitive presentation of the same object in the dark, because the impulse rasters did not show any gradual decrease in activity in the later trials within the block. “Visual-dominant” neurons were those that were not activated in the dark. “Motor-domi ...
... stimulus rather than to habituation due to the repetitive presentation of the same object in the dark, because the impulse rasters did not show any gradual decrease in activity in the later trials within the block. “Visual-dominant” neurons were those that were not activated in the dark. “Motor-domi ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
Nervous System - El Camino College
... A. Sensory receptors at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconscious decisions follow, leading to motor fu ...
... A. Sensory receptors at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconscious decisions follow, leading to motor fu ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
... midline. Antibiotics (Cefazolin) and analgesics (Buprenex) were administered as needed during the recovery period under the direction of a veterinarian. ...
... midline. Antibiotics (Cefazolin) and analgesics (Buprenex) were administered as needed during the recovery period under the direction of a veterinarian. ...
A Quantitative Map of the Circuit of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... tical circuit is greatly simplified if an individual neuron receives all of its connections essentially from a single source, as Gilbert and Wiesel for the most part assumed. But a feature of cortical neurons is that they are polyneuronally innervated; their excitatory and inhibitory synapses arise ...
... tical circuit is greatly simplified if an individual neuron receives all of its connections essentially from a single source, as Gilbert and Wiesel for the most part assumed. But a feature of cortical neurons is that they are polyneuronally innervated; their excitatory and inhibitory synapses arise ...
Rearrangement of microtubule polarity orientation during conversion
... these processes during their development [Baas et al., 1989]. The mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of microtubule polarity orientation in axons and dendrites, however, remain unclear. An experimental system in which neuronal processes change their identity is ideal for studying the mechani ...
... these processes during their development [Baas et al., 1989]. The mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of microtubule polarity orientation in axons and dendrites, however, remain unclear. An experimental system in which neuronal processes change their identity is ideal for studying the mechani ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... difference in the properties of the disparity sensitive neurons in CIP compared with those in the occipital cortex: while neurons in the occipital cortex are involved in low-level disparity detection within their relatively small receptive fields, CIP neurons may be involved in high-level computatio ...
... difference in the properties of the disparity sensitive neurons in CIP compared with those in the occipital cortex: while neurons in the occipital cortex are involved in low-level disparity detection within their relatively small receptive fields, CIP neurons may be involved in high-level computatio ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... identified in cortical neurons of animals exposed to LTIH (Xu et al., 2004) and thus may highlight injured wake-active neurons. The second and fifth 1:6 sets of sections from the above nonsleep-deprived mice (LTIH, n ⫽ 5; sham LTIH, n ⫽ 5) were used for double labeling of wake neuron identifier and ...
... identified in cortical neurons of animals exposed to LTIH (Xu et al., 2004) and thus may highlight injured wake-active neurons. The second and fifth 1:6 sets of sections from the above nonsleep-deprived mice (LTIH, n ⫽ 5; sham LTIH, n ⫽ 5) were used for double labeling of wake neuron identifier and ...