The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... afferents on their shafts becomes more apparent when their forms are reconstructed from serial thin sections, as shown in Figs. 3-7. At this point it will help to give an indication of how to interpret the five reconstructions illustrated here. As shown from the I ~m markers, the reconstructed lengt ...
... afferents on their shafts becomes more apparent when their forms are reconstructed from serial thin sections, as shown in Figs. 3-7. At this point it will help to give an indication of how to interpret the five reconstructions illustrated here. As shown from the I ~m markers, the reconstructed lengt ...
Vasopressin Receptors of the Vasopressor (V,)
... the recording sites could be localized within the boundaries of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Autoradiography. Following removal, brain tissue was rapidly frozen in isopentane (2-methylbutane) at -25°C. Series of lo- to 15-pm-thick sections were cut, mounted on chromalun gelatin-coated slides, ...
... the recording sites could be localized within the boundaries of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Autoradiography. Following removal, brain tissue was rapidly frozen in isopentane (2-methylbutane) at -25°C. Series of lo- to 15-pm-thick sections were cut, mounted on chromalun gelatin-coated slides, ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... functionally complex, mediating contrasting behaviours that are also present in the adult fish. A decade ago, Ghysen‟s research group showed that the lateralis (lateral-line) sensory neurons display a topographic neural map. The same group shed some light on when and how this map is established. Sin ...
... functionally complex, mediating contrasting behaviours that are also present in the adult fish. A decade ago, Ghysen‟s research group showed that the lateralis (lateral-line) sensory neurons display a topographic neural map. The same group shed some light on when and how this map is established. Sin ...
- Wiley Online Library
... In recent years, axonal degeneration has been proposed to be a leading or contributing cause of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (Trapp et al. 1998; Cifue ...
... In recent years, axonal degeneration has been proposed to be a leading or contributing cause of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (Trapp et al. 1998; Cifue ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reflex Reversal in Coxo
... because of the great variability of neuronal discharge induced by oxo, all intracellular responses presented have been recorded in the absence of oxo. Monopolar extracellular recordings and nerve stimulations were performed using platinum pin electrodes contacting the nerves, isolated from the bath ...
... because of the great variability of neuronal discharge induced by oxo, all intracellular responses presented have been recorded in the absence of oxo. Monopolar extracellular recordings and nerve stimulations were performed using platinum pin electrodes contacting the nerves, isolated from the bath ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is in a crucial position to influence the output of the basal ganglia. It projects to the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus (Carpenter et al. 198 1a; Groenewegen and Berendse 1990; Kita and Kitai 1987; Nauta and Cole 1978; Parent and Smith 1987; Smit ...
... The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is in a crucial position to influence the output of the basal ganglia. It projects to the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus (Carpenter et al. 198 1a; Groenewegen and Berendse 1990; Kita and Kitai 1987; Nauta and Cole 1978; Parent and Smith 1987; Smit ...
Axon Initiation and Growth Cone Turning on Bound Protein Gradients Cellular/Molecular Junyu Mai,
... We first used FITC-IgG as a model protein to characterize the system. Using 5% agarose gel as the matrix stamp, PLL-coated epoxy glass coverslips as the substrate, and 0.5 l of protein solution (10 g/ml) in each of the four source channels (350 m wide, 100 m deep, 18 mm long, and 4 mm apart), we ...
... We first used FITC-IgG as a model protein to characterize the system. Using 5% agarose gel as the matrix stamp, PLL-coated epoxy glass coverslips as the substrate, and 0.5 l of protein solution (10 g/ml) in each of the four source channels (350 m wide, 100 m deep, 18 mm long, and 4 mm apart), we ...
Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic
... understanding of the neural circuits underlying sex-typical social behaviours. The MeA, VMH, BNST and mPOA each contains a complex mixture of molecularly discrete populations of neurons intermingled with each other [10,36–37,40, 105–106]. Therefore, the neural pathways underlying sex-typical social ...
... understanding of the neural circuits underlying sex-typical social behaviours. The MeA, VMH, BNST and mPOA each contains a complex mixture of molecularly discrete populations of neurons intermingled with each other [10,36–37,40, 105–106]. Therefore, the neural pathways underlying sex-typical social ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encountering neurons with receptive fields overlapping those recorded in th ...
... complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encountering neurons with receptive fields overlapping those recorded in th ...
The role of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus in the central
... PrRP immunolabeling was detected in different parts of the hypothalamus. PrRP-ir cell bodies appeared exclusively in the most caudal part of the DMH, while PrRP-ir fibers were present in the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the DMH, as well as in the arcuate nucleus, the hypothalamic paraventricul ...
... PrRP immunolabeling was detected in different parts of the hypothalamus. PrRP-ir cell bodies appeared exclusively in the most caudal part of the DMH, while PrRP-ir fibers were present in the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the DMH, as well as in the arcuate nucleus, the hypothalamic paraventricul ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... Electrophysiolog y. All experimental procedures were in accordance with the C anadian Council on Animal C are policy on the use and care of laboratory animals and approved by the Queen’s University Animal C are Committee. Surgical, electrophysiological, and data acquisition methods were described pr ...
... Electrophysiolog y. All experimental procedures were in accordance with the C anadian Council on Animal C are policy on the use and care of laboratory animals and approved by the Queen’s University Animal C are Committee. Surgical, electrophysiological, and data acquisition methods were described pr ...
Neuroanatomy and function of brain structures involved in the
... signals travel together until they reach the brain stem where the neuronal pathways for milk ejection and PRL regulation diverge. In a previous study suckling stimulus induced cFos expression in some brain stem structures suggesting the role of these structures in relaying the suckling stimulus to ...
... signals travel together until they reach the brain stem where the neuronal pathways for milk ejection and PRL regulation diverge. In a previous study suckling stimulus induced cFos expression in some brain stem structures suggesting the role of these structures in relaying the suckling stimulus to ...
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
... zero net flux method show that glucose levels vary with brain region and strain [30,31]. Even more interesting, brain glucose levels change with activity in a region-specific fashion [29]. McNay et al. show that steady state extracellular glucose levels in the hippocampus of awake adult Spraque –Daw ...
... zero net flux method show that glucose levels vary with brain region and strain [30,31]. Even more interesting, brain glucose levels change with activity in a region-specific fashion [29]. McNay et al. show that steady state extracellular glucose levels in the hippocampus of awake adult Spraque –Daw ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... saline, while climbing fiber synapses onto Purkinje neurons always depress (Perkel et al., 1990). Remarkably, the synapses formed by a single cell onto different target neurons can show different plasticity. This phenomenon was discovered in cerebral cortex (Reyes et al., 1998) and is called “target ...
... saline, while climbing fiber synapses onto Purkinje neurons always depress (Perkel et al., 1990). Remarkably, the synapses formed by a single cell onto different target neurons can show different plasticity. This phenomenon was discovered in cerebral cortex (Reyes et al., 1998) and is called “target ...
Central Topography of Cranial Motor Nuclei Controlled by
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... (Fig. 3A), as done by others (Prange and Murphy, 2001), since it is difficult during this stage of development in culture (2 weeks) to unequivocally distinguish spines from filopodium based solely on morphologic criteria. This is because filopodia are abundant and many spines have an ambiguous morph ...
... (Fig. 3A), as done by others (Prange and Murphy, 2001), since it is difficult during this stage of development in culture (2 weeks) to unequivocally distinguish spines from filopodium based solely on morphologic criteria. This is because filopodia are abundant and many spines have an ambiguous morph ...
Applying Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation to the Study of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity in Neural Networks
... neural system causes an increase in synaptic weights and synchrony between the neurons: an effect that remains for approximately an hour after tACS ceases [1]. If the effects of tACS could be made to be semi-permanent it has the potential to become a novel and effective therapy for a variety of cogn ...
... neural system causes an increase in synaptic weights and synchrony between the neurons: an effect that remains for approximately an hour after tACS ceases [1]. If the effects of tACS could be made to be semi-permanent it has the potential to become a novel and effective therapy for a variety of cogn ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... During goal-directed behavior, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) exerts top-down control over numerous cortical and subcortical regions. PFC dysfunction has been linked to many disorders that involve deficits in cognitive performance, attention, motivation, and/or impulse control. A common theme among the ...
... During goal-directed behavior, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) exerts top-down control over numerous cortical and subcortical regions. PFC dysfunction has been linked to many disorders that involve deficits in cognitive performance, attention, motivation, and/or impulse control. A common theme among the ...
The Molecular Basis of Odor Coding in the Drosophila Antenna
... Drosophila ORNs can be subdivided into distinct functional classes on the basis of their odor response spectra. Extensive electrophysiological characterization of the antennal basiconic sensilla identified 18 functional classes of ORNs, which are found in stereotyped combinations within eight types ...
... Drosophila ORNs can be subdivided into distinct functional classes on the basis of their odor response spectra. Extensive electrophysiological characterization of the antennal basiconic sensilla identified 18 functional classes of ORNs, which are found in stereotyped combinations within eight types ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... consisting of repeated training sessions separated by 15 min rest periods. These different training protocols may induce different physiological states within the relevant neurons, making it more difficult to interpret whether LTM is or is not built upon STM. Output from MB ab Neurons Is Required fo ...
... consisting of repeated training sessions separated by 15 min rest periods. These different training protocols may induce different physiological states within the relevant neurons, making it more difficult to interpret whether LTM is or is not built upon STM. Output from MB ab Neurons Is Required fo ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
... is true that some of the effects of autonomic nerve activity can be mimicked by the application of neurotransmitter substances locally or systemically. However, the mechanisms by which the same substances released from nerve terminals produce responses in the target tissue have proved to be quite di ...
... is true that some of the effects of autonomic nerve activity can be mimicked by the application of neurotransmitter substances locally or systemically. However, the mechanisms by which the same substances released from nerve terminals produce responses in the target tissue have proved to be quite di ...
Differential Temporal Storage Capacity in the Baseline Activity of
... that spontaneous fluctuations in neuronal activity reflect intrinsic functional brain architecture. Inspired by these findings, we analyzed baseline neuronal activity in the monkey frontal eye field (FEF; a visuomotor area) and area V4 (a visual area) during the fixation period of a cognitive behavi ...
... that spontaneous fluctuations in neuronal activity reflect intrinsic functional brain architecture. Inspired by these findings, we analyzed baseline neuronal activity in the monkey frontal eye field (FEF; a visuomotor area) and area V4 (a visual area) during the fixation period of a cognitive behavi ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... that uses the tactics and action as regressors. Dotted lines indicate nonsignificant data. A, Neuronal selectivity for the tactics and 2012). Spike activity of neurons was recorded action computed from 103 tactics-only cued trials. On the left, the trials are aligned with the Cue onset (left vertica ...
... that uses the tactics and action as regressors. Dotted lines indicate nonsignificant data. A, Neuronal selectivity for the tactics and 2012). Spike activity of neurons was recorded action computed from 103 tactics-only cued trials. On the left, the trials are aligned with the Cue onset (left vertica ...
SOM
... • Neural networks for unsupervised learning attempt to discover special patterns from available data without using external help (i.e. RISK FUNCTION). – There is no information about the desired class (or output ) d of an example x. So only x is given. – Self Organising Maps (SOM) are neural network ...
... • Neural networks for unsupervised learning attempt to discover special patterns from available data without using external help (i.e. RISK FUNCTION). – There is no information about the desired class (or output ) d of an example x. So only x is given. – Self Organising Maps (SOM) are neural network ...