A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: Fundamental
... mental state, the cognitive task being performed and the cerebral location from which the EEG signal is being recorded. Although between the 1950s and 1980s, EEG was regarded as noise and human alpha activity only as the idling state of the brain, during the two decades between 1990 and 2010, a sign ...
... mental state, the cognitive task being performed and the cerebral location from which the EEG signal is being recorded. Although between the 1950s and 1980s, EEG was regarded as noise and human alpha activity only as the idling state of the brain, during the two decades between 1990 and 2010, a sign ...
Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Controls the Anterior–Posterior
... cells were pelleted by mild centrifugation and resuspended in Neurobasal medium supplemented with B27, penicillin/streptomycin, and glutamine. A single-cell suspension was generated by putting the cells through a 70 m filter after which cells were plated on poly-D-lysineand laminin-coated glass cov ...
... cells were pelleted by mild centrifugation and resuspended in Neurobasal medium supplemented with B27, penicillin/streptomycin, and glutamine. A single-cell suspension was generated by putting the cells through a 70 m filter after which cells were plated on poly-D-lysineand laminin-coated glass cov ...
Memory, Learning, and Synaptic Plasticity
... the number of neurons increases, the number of possible synaptic connections goes up astronomically. Whereas the 5 × 5 matrix in Figure 10–5 has 2(5×5) or ~30 million possible binary codes, a 100 × 100 matrix has 2(100×100) or ~103000 possible binary codes, more than there are atoms in the universe ...
... the number of neurons increases, the number of possible synaptic connections goes up astronomically. Whereas the 5 × 5 matrix in Figure 10–5 has 2(5×5) or ~30 million possible binary codes, a 100 × 100 matrix has 2(100×100) or ~103000 possible binary codes, more than there are atoms in the universe ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... Correspondence: J. Całka, Dept. Functional Morphology, Div. Animal Anatomy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] ...
... Correspondence: J. Całka, Dept. Functional Morphology, Div. Animal Anatomy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... hypothalamus (LH) has long been known to regulate feeding behavior, taste processing in LH remains relatively understudied. Here, we examined single-unit LH responses in rats subjected to a battery of taste stimuli that differed in both chemical composition and palatability. Like neurons in cortex a ...
... hypothalamus (LH) has long been known to regulate feeding behavior, taste processing in LH remains relatively understudied. Here, we examined single-unit LH responses in rats subjected to a battery of taste stimuli that differed in both chemical composition and palatability. Like neurons in cortex a ...
neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus
... bundle may also end in the SI, LPO, and LHA. Anatomical techniques were used to determine the extent and topographical organization of fibers from the nucleus accumbens that enter the GP, and the subpallidal region below it that includes the SI, LPO, and the anterior part of the LHA. Since the anato ...
... bundle may also end in the SI, LPO, and LHA. Anatomical techniques were used to determine the extent and topographical organization of fibers from the nucleus accumbens that enter the GP, and the subpallidal region below it that includes the SI, LPO, and the anterior part of the LHA. Since the anato ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
... unidirectional entrainment per direction. Anatomical data actually show that for each direction of communication, the communicating brain areas have specialized neuronal groups, i.e. a given brain area has neurons receiving inputs and different neurons sending outputs (Felleman and Van Essen, 1991; ...
... unidirectional entrainment per direction. Anatomical data actually show that for each direction of communication, the communicating brain areas have specialized neuronal groups, i.e. a given brain area has neurons receiving inputs and different neurons sending outputs (Felleman and Van Essen, 1991; ...
The habenular nuclei - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... is one of two major pathways that interconnect the limbic forebrain and sites in the mid- and hindbrain, the other pathway being the medial forebrain bundle (MFB; Sutherland 1982). These two pathways appear to represent parallel neural circuits—they share sources of afferent inputs as well as effere ...
... is one of two major pathways that interconnect the limbic forebrain and sites in the mid- and hindbrain, the other pathway being the medial forebrain bundle (MFB; Sutherland 1982). These two pathways appear to represent parallel neural circuits—they share sources of afferent inputs as well as effere ...
PDF file
... connections are universally bi-directional, i.e., two unidirectional bundles, with few exceptions (e.g., there is no top-down connections from LGN to the retina in primates but not so with other animals). Using such properties, the Multilayer In-Place Learning Networks (MILN) [101], [102], [55] and ...
... connections are universally bi-directional, i.e., two unidirectional bundles, with few exceptions (e.g., there is no top-down connections from LGN to the retina in primates but not so with other animals). Using such properties, the Multilayer In-Place Learning Networks (MILN) [101], [102], [55] and ...
How do dendrites take their shape?
... example, trk B) are expressed differentially during development26, and can cell-autonomously mediate distinct dendritic effects for the same neurotrophic signal27. For the most part, the signaling pathways through which extracellular factors carry out their effects on dendritic growth have not been ...
... example, trk B) are expressed differentially during development26, and can cell-autonomously mediate distinct dendritic effects for the same neurotrophic signal27. For the most part, the signaling pathways through which extracellular factors carry out their effects on dendritic growth have not been ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... Devices) and Ephus software (www.ephus.org) (Suter et al., 2010) on a custom-built laser-scanning photostimulation microscope (Shepherd et al., 2003). During sCRACM mapping, neurons were held at ⫺70 mV. A blue laser (473 nm, CrystaLaser) was controlled via scan mirrors (Cambridge Technology). Light ...
... Devices) and Ephus software (www.ephus.org) (Suter et al., 2010) on a custom-built laser-scanning photostimulation microscope (Shepherd et al., 2003). During sCRACM mapping, neurons were held at ⫺70 mV. A blue laser (473 nm, CrystaLaser) was controlled via scan mirrors (Cambridge Technology). Light ...
Chapter 9
... If a nerve fiber responds at all to a stimulus, it responds completely by conducting an impulse (all-ornone response). ...
... If a nerve fiber responds at all to a stimulus, it responds completely by conducting an impulse (all-ornone response). ...
Chapter 9- Nervous System Lecture 9.1
... The process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neuron is transmitted across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic neuron is called synaptic transmission. ...
... The process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neuron is transmitted across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic neuron is called synaptic transmission. ...
Multiple hypothalamic circuits sense and regulate glucose levels
... were found to show specialized excitatory or inhibitory firing responses to extracellular glucose, revealing a strategy for how the brain can directly monitor body energy status (3, 69, 70). Glucose sensing in these glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons was not a general energy-related respo ...
... were found to show specialized excitatory or inhibitory firing responses to extracellular glucose, revealing a strategy for how the brain can directly monitor body energy status (3, 69, 70). Glucose sensing in these glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons was not a general energy-related respo ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... spatially offset inhibition and its role in producing orientationselective responses remain somewhat unclear. A challenge is that RF structures evidently depend, in part, on the stimuli used to characterize them. In response to scanned, raised-dot stimuli, ⬎90% of area 3b neurons showed one or more ...
... spatially offset inhibition and its role in producing orientationselective responses remain somewhat unclear. A challenge is that RF structures evidently depend, in part, on the stimuli used to characterize them. In response to scanned, raised-dot stimuli, ⬎90% of area 3b neurons showed one or more ...
Fig. - Development - The Company of Biologists
... pathway (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983; Erzurumlu et al., 2010; Ma, 1991, 1993; Ma and Woolsey, 1984; Schlaggar and O’Leary, 1993; Van Der Loos, 1976; Woolsey and Van der Loos, 1970). Distinct facial dermatomes are innervated by the peripheral axonal processes of trigeminal ganglion (TG) primary sen ...
... pathway (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983; Erzurumlu et al., 2010; Ma, 1991, 1993; Ma and Woolsey, 1984; Schlaggar and O’Leary, 1993; Van Der Loos, 1976; Woolsey and Van der Loos, 1970). Distinct facial dermatomes are innervated by the peripheral axonal processes of trigeminal ganglion (TG) primary sen ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... neurons showed that there are “synaptic plasticity rules” in effect. They express “meta-software” that sets the rules of computations performed by the brain. The joint activity patterns of a pair of neurons shape the synapse, which in turn will shape activity patterns in the future. Therefore, a neur ...
... neurons showed that there are “synaptic plasticity rules” in effect. They express “meta-software” that sets the rules of computations performed by the brain. The joint activity patterns of a pair of neurons shape the synapse, which in turn will shape activity patterns in the future. Therefore, a neur ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... We measured dendritic spines of basal dendrites of layer V pyramidal neurons in the superior middle temporal lobe, Brodmann Area 21 (BA21), a region implicated in ASD due to its participation in brain networks involved in social and communicative processes, including language, social and speech perc ...
... We measured dendritic spines of basal dendrites of layer V pyramidal neurons in the superior middle temporal lobe, Brodmann Area 21 (BA21), a region implicated in ASD due to its participation in brain networks involved in social and communicative processes, including language, social and speech perc ...
Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... pathway (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983; Erzurumlu et al., 2010; Ma, 1991, 1993; Ma and Woolsey, 1984; Schlaggar and O’Leary, 1993; Van Der Loos, 1976; Woolsey and Van der Loos, 1970). Distinct facial dermatomes are innervated by the peripheral axonal processes of trigeminal ganglion (TG) primary sen ...
... pathway (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983; Erzurumlu et al., 2010; Ma, 1991, 1993; Ma and Woolsey, 1984; Schlaggar and O’Leary, 1993; Van Der Loos, 1976; Woolsey and Van der Loos, 1970). Distinct facial dermatomes are innervated by the peripheral axonal processes of trigeminal ganglion (TG) primary sen ...
Orexinergic Input to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Ventral
... The mesolimbic reward pathway arising from dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been strongly implicated in reward processing and drug abuse. In rodents, behaviors associated with this projection are profoundly influenced by an orexinergic input from the lateral hypothal ...
... The mesolimbic reward pathway arising from dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been strongly implicated in reward processing and drug abuse. In rodents, behaviors associated with this projection are profoundly influenced by an orexinergic input from the lateral hypothal ...
http://www.utdallas.edu/~tres/papers/Disterhoftetal1994.pdf
... environmental, or some interaction between the two, has not been definitively established. It has been postulated that excessive influx, raised levels, or poor buffering of intracellular calcium are results, not causes, of the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the development of Alzheimer ...
... environmental, or some interaction between the two, has not been definitively established. It has been postulated that excessive influx, raised levels, or poor buffering of intracellular calcium are results, not causes, of the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the development of Alzheimer ...
The Calcium Rationale in Aging and Alzheimer`s Disease
... environmental, or some interaction between the two, has not been definitively established. It has been postulated that excessive influx, raised levels, or poor buffering of intracellular calcium are results, not causes, of the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the development of Alzheimer ...
... environmental, or some interaction between the two, has not been definitively established. It has been postulated that excessive influx, raised levels, or poor buffering of intracellular calcium are results, not causes, of the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the development of Alzheimer ...
REVIEW
... ual development, neuroendocrine responses to pheromones, and sexual attraction and arousal.3,4 There is evidence that both of these systems may play important roles in reproductive processes in a number of species, including humans.5±7 The potential role of a human vomeronasal organ (if present) in ...
... ual development, neuroendocrine responses to pheromones, and sexual attraction and arousal.3,4 There is evidence that both of these systems may play important roles in reproductive processes in a number of species, including humans.5±7 The potential role of a human vomeronasal organ (if present) in ...