Diversity of reporter expression patterns in transgenic mouse lines
... physiological and pathological phenomena (21). These include stress-related anxiety (22), memory problems (23, 24), addiction-relapse (25, 26), PTSD (22), and potentially other stress-associated conditions such as anhedonia and anorexia nervosa. Accurate interpretation of studies using cell type-spe ...
... physiological and pathological phenomena (21). These include stress-related anxiety (22), memory problems (23, 24), addiction-relapse (25, 26), PTSD (22), and potentially other stress-associated conditions such as anhedonia and anorexia nervosa. Accurate interpretation of studies using cell type-spe ...
8th Grade Information Processing
... • Neuroscience – is the study of the brain and the nervous systems, including structure, function, and disorders. • Neuroscience is a relatively new field. New information is always being discovered and there are still many unexplained mysteries of the brain. ...
... • Neuroscience – is the study of the brain and the nervous systems, including structure, function, and disorders. • Neuroscience is a relatively new field. New information is always being discovered and there are still many unexplained mysteries of the brain. ...
Fine Gating Properties of Channels Responsible for Persistent
... and therefore c(slow) was considered as related to the interburst closing process. The average values of c(fast)2 and c(slow) were such that the duration threshold between intraburst and interburst closing events was set at 10 ms (namely, an interval 6–10 times higher than the slowest c(fast)s ...
... and therefore c(slow) was considered as related to the interburst closing process. The average values of c(fast)2 and c(slow) were such that the duration threshold between intraburst and interburst closing events was set at 10 ms (namely, an interval 6–10 times higher than the slowest c(fast)s ...
5-28-2007
... sample paradigm sensitive for working memory, activations were found in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and basal forebrain regions (Swartz et al., 1995). ...
... sample paradigm sensitive for working memory, activations were found in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and basal forebrain regions (Swartz et al., 1995). ...
NETMORPH: A Framework for the Stochastic
... segments from reconstructed neurons indeed show many deviations from a straight line at a range of spatial scales. NETMORPH includes the simulation of these morphological details, not only because they are highly characteristic of the visual appearance of a neuron, but also because they define how s ...
... segments from reconstructed neurons indeed show many deviations from a straight line at a range of spatial scales. NETMORPH includes the simulation of these morphological details, not only because they are highly characteristic of the visual appearance of a neuron, but also because they define how s ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... stimulation of fibers in the perforant pathway resulted in field EPSPs (fEPSP) recorded in the dentate gyrus of anesthetized rabbits. When brief, high frequency burst stimulation was applied to the perforant pathway, the response to subsequent single stimulation pulses became enhanced, an effect tha ...
... stimulation of fibers in the perforant pathway resulted in field EPSPs (fEPSP) recorded in the dentate gyrus of anesthetized rabbits. When brief, high frequency burst stimulation was applied to the perforant pathway, the response to subsequent single stimulation pulses became enhanced, an effect tha ...
Constraints on Somatotopic Organization in the Primary Motor Cortex
... of the canine cortex, one of the earliest demonstrations of a specific function of a particular cortical region (Walshe 1948). As techniques for electrical stimulation improved, increasingly detailed maps of body part representation in M1 became available, culminating in the well-known summary diagr ...
... of the canine cortex, one of the earliest demonstrations of a specific function of a particular cortical region (Walshe 1948). As techniques for electrical stimulation improved, increasingly detailed maps of body part representation in M1 became available, culminating in the well-known summary diagr ...
Vesicle-Mediated Transport and Release of
... lesion site are stimulated. Because this so-called secondary activation of microglia is instrumental for long-term changes after neuronal injury, it is important to understand how microglia activity is controlled. The remote activation of microglia implies that the activating signals are transported ...
... lesion site are stimulated. Because this so-called secondary activation of microglia is instrumental for long-term changes after neuronal injury, it is important to understand how microglia activity is controlled. The remote activation of microglia implies that the activating signals are transported ...
IBRO 2008
... Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) synthesize the intracellular messenger cyclic adenosine 3’5’monophosphate (cAMP). Vertebrate genomes have 10 genes of AC, 9 of these are membrane-bound whilst there is a single soluble enzyme. All membrane-bound ACs are expressed in the brain and the presence of several AC pa ...
... Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) synthesize the intracellular messenger cyclic adenosine 3’5’monophosphate (cAMP). Vertebrate genomes have 10 genes of AC, 9 of these are membrane-bound whilst there is a single soluble enzyme. All membrane-bound ACs are expressed in the brain and the presence of several AC pa ...
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei
... nucleus of stria terminalis (BST), medial, central, cortical, and basal nuclei of amygdala, and the suprachiasmatic, arcuate, and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus. The posterior PV distributes more heavily than the anterior PV to the dorsal striatum and to the central and basal nuclei of amygd ...
... nucleus of stria terminalis (BST), medial, central, cortical, and basal nuclei of amygdala, and the suprachiasmatic, arcuate, and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus. The posterior PV distributes more heavily than the anterior PV to the dorsal striatum and to the central and basal nuclei of amygd ...
Unit 3 Area of Study 1: How does the nervous system
... Media response MJ Fox- https://youtu.be/vZQhp3yEgYM -use as an intro to Parkinson’s and its symptoms. (see handout) ...
... Media response MJ Fox- https://youtu.be/vZQhp3yEgYM -use as an intro to Parkinson’s and its symptoms. (see handout) ...
Unit III: Biological Basis of Behavior
... The brain is a developing system - although total brain weight doesn’t change after age 5 - the brain does go through a transformation: white matter (responsible for information transmission) increases and gray matter (responsible for information processing) decreases in the cerebral cortex as human ...
... The brain is a developing system - although total brain weight doesn’t change after age 5 - the brain does go through a transformation: white matter (responsible for information transmission) increases and gray matter (responsible for information processing) decreases in the cerebral cortex as human ...
asgn2a -- NERVOUS SYSTEM - Indiana University Bloomington
... (nerve cell), illustrated in Figure 10-2a, has three specialized parts, in addition to the cell body (or soma), which carries out the basic life processes. These three parts are: 1. Several dendrites, which form the receiving end of a neuron. Most Figure 10-2a. The main parts of a neurons have many, ...
... (nerve cell), illustrated in Figure 10-2a, has three specialized parts, in addition to the cell body (or soma), which carries out the basic life processes. These three parts are: 1. Several dendrites, which form the receiving end of a neuron. Most Figure 10-2a. The main parts of a neurons have many, ...
Probabilistic models for spike trains of single neurons
... the best possible manner 4. We found that while the Poisson and the mIMI models have an SS of 1 (precise for Poisson but to a first approximation for mIMI), the TRRP model has an SS that depends on the narrowness of the interspike interval (ISI) distribution 4.4. If the coefficient of variation (CV) ...
... the best possible manner 4. We found that while the Poisson and the mIMI models have an SS of 1 (precise for Poisson but to a first approximation for mIMI), the TRRP model has an SS that depends on the narrowness of the interspike interval (ISI) distribution 4.4. If the coefficient of variation (CV) ...
Transgenic expression of ZBP1 in neurons suppresses cocaine-associated conditioning
... of ZBP1. These tags have no effect on ZBP1 protein function (Farina et al. 2003; Tiruchinapalli et al. 2003). We used a doxycycline-regulated transcription system to pharmacologically regulate the expression of ZBP1. We cloned the cDNA sequences encoding GFP-FLAG-ZBP1 into a plasmid containing the t ...
... of ZBP1. These tags have no effect on ZBP1 protein function (Farina et al. 2003; Tiruchinapalli et al. 2003). We used a doxycycline-regulated transcription system to pharmacologically regulate the expression of ZBP1. We cloned the cDNA sequences encoding GFP-FLAG-ZBP1 into a plasmid containing the t ...
Ch 27 Neurones and Neural Pathways
... Excitatory and inhibitory signals In the CNS, one postsynaptic neurone normally forms synapses with many presynaptic axons from several different neurones At some of these synapses, the receptor sites in the postsynaptic membrane respond to the arrival of neurotransmitter( e.g. acetylcholine) by ha ...
... Excitatory and inhibitory signals In the CNS, one postsynaptic neurone normally forms synapses with many presynaptic axons from several different neurones At some of these synapses, the receptor sites in the postsynaptic membrane respond to the arrival of neurotransmitter( e.g. acetylcholine) by ha ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated that there are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed unders ...
... of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated that there are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed unders ...
The Distribution of Chandelier Cell Axon Terminals that Express the
... pyramidal cells (Miles et al. 1996; DeFelipe 1999). Ch-terminals are found in different cortical areas and species, including rats (Somogyi 1977; Minelli et al. 1995; Tamas and Szabadics 2004), guinea pigs (Gulyas et al. 1993), cats (Fairen and Valverde 1980; Fariñas and DeFelipe 1991), rabbits (Mu ...
... pyramidal cells (Miles et al. 1996; DeFelipe 1999). Ch-terminals are found in different cortical areas and species, including rats (Somogyi 1977; Minelli et al. 1995; Tamas and Szabadics 2004), guinea pigs (Gulyas et al. 1993), cats (Fairen and Valverde 1980; Fariñas and DeFelipe 1991), rabbits (Mu ...
Endocrine and nervous systems
... The tips of fingers are sensitive enough to discriminate raised points on a surface, as well as the locations of these points. Knowing this, in the 19th century Louis Braille invented the Braille system of reading for the blind. Each letter of a language alphabet is represented by up to six raised d ...
... The tips of fingers are sensitive enough to discriminate raised points on a surface, as well as the locations of these points. Knowing this, in the 19th century Louis Braille invented the Braille system of reading for the blind. Each letter of a language alphabet is represented by up to six raised d ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
... level. From a neurobiological point of view, a mechanism for the functional coordination of large neuronal populations is required for several reasons. First, neurons in visual centers typically have spatially restricted receptive fields which - at least at early stages of processing - are small com ...
... level. From a neurobiological point of view, a mechanism for the functional coordination of large neuronal populations is required for several reasons. First, neurons in visual centers typically have spatially restricted receptive fields which - at least at early stages of processing - are small com ...
Axon Terminal Polarization Induced by Weak Uniform
... uniform on the scale of single neurons/cortical columns (“quasi-uniform”), with both radial (normal to the cortical surface) and tangential (parallel to the cortical surface) components. For low amplitude currents (<1 mA) weak DC electric fields can modulate neuronal excitability by membrane potenti ...
... uniform on the scale of single neurons/cortical columns (“quasi-uniform”), with both radial (normal to the cortical surface) and tangential (parallel to the cortical surface) components. For low amplitude currents (<1 mA) weak DC electric fields can modulate neuronal excitability by membrane potenti ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... nucleus of the solitary tract: a nucleus in the dorsomedial medulla that integrates (Smith et al. 2002) information from many sources and relays it to many places in the central nervous system including the ventral medulla. The fidelity of transmission in this pathway is excellent. It was recently r ...
... nucleus of the solitary tract: a nucleus in the dorsomedial medulla that integrates (Smith et al. 2002) information from many sources and relays it to many places in the central nervous system including the ventral medulla. The fidelity of transmission in this pathway is excellent. It was recently r ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... in adults with similar Iesionslz,102~lJ7,although sometimes the reverse is true’“l. Rose and WooIseyl”g noted the effects of retrograde cell degeneration in the thalamus grew more severe with increasing postoperative survival time. This was recently confirmed by Chow and Dewson17 who also reported r ...
... in adults with similar Iesionslz,102~lJ7,although sometimes the reverse is true’“l. Rose and WooIseyl”g noted the effects of retrograde cell degeneration in the thalamus grew more severe with increasing postoperative survival time. This was recently confirmed by Chow and Dewson17 who also reported r ...
The Rat Ventromedial Thalamic Nucleus and Motor Control: Role of
... in motor control. Cortical fibers terminating within this nucleus use an excitatory amino acid, possibly L-glutamate, as their transmitter. Excitatory amino acids are known to interact with iV-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), kainate, and quisqualate receptors, the presence of which has been demonstrated ...
... in motor control. Cortical fibers terminating within this nucleus use an excitatory amino acid, possibly L-glutamate, as their transmitter. Excitatory amino acids are known to interact with iV-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), kainate, and quisqualate receptors, the presence of which has been demonstrated ...
Neuroanatomy and function of brain structures involved in the
... terminate around the capillaries in the external zone of the median eminence (ME). Under non-lactating conditions, these neurons produce DA and continuously and tonically release it into the hypophysial portal circulation. DA acts on D2 receptors of lactotropes to inhibit PRL release. When DA releas ...
... terminate around the capillaries in the external zone of the median eminence (ME). Under non-lactating conditions, these neurons produce DA and continuously and tonically release it into the hypophysial portal circulation. DA acts on D2 receptors of lactotropes to inhibit PRL release. When DA releas ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.