Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... there are three known fates for most larval neurons during metamorphosis. Larva-specific neurons are removed by programmed cell death after puparium formation. Adultspecific neurons continue their morphogenesis through the pupal stage. In addition, some larval neurons that persist into adulthood wit ...
... there are three known fates for most larval neurons during metamorphosis. Larva-specific neurons are removed by programmed cell death after puparium formation. Adultspecific neurons continue their morphogenesis through the pupal stage. In addition, some larval neurons that persist into adulthood wit ...
Pre-synaptic Terminal Dynamics in the Hippocampus
... (1.1.1.). In the following subsections (1.1.1.1 to 1.1.2.2.) I will attempt to describe at which levels synaptic plastic phenomena could occur: namely at the biochemical (e.g. changes in ion channel currents), molecular (e.g. modifications in key synaptic proteins) and morphological level (e.g. chan ...
... (1.1.1.). In the following subsections (1.1.1.1 to 1.1.2.2.) I will attempt to describe at which levels synaptic plastic phenomena could occur: namely at the biochemical (e.g. changes in ion channel currents), molecular (e.g. modifications in key synaptic proteins) and morphological level (e.g. chan ...
Phases
... sodium permeability correspond to the rising phase of the action potential. The critical threshold voltage for this runaway condition is usually around −45 mV, but it depends on the recent activity of the axon. A membrane that has just fired an action potential cannot fire another one immediately, s ...
... sodium permeability correspond to the rising phase of the action potential. The critical threshold voltage for this runaway condition is usually around −45 mV, but it depends on the recent activity of the axon. A membrane that has just fired an action potential cannot fire another one immediately, s ...
6 - Coach Eikrem's Website
... where the myelin sheath acts as an insulator • Saltatory conduction – action potentials jump over myelinated regions of the axon ...
... where the myelin sheath acts as an insulator • Saltatory conduction – action potentials jump over myelinated regions of the axon ...
(2006) Changes in visual receptive fields with microstimulation of
... has been described in terms of its effect on the structure of receptive fields (RFs), where multiple stimuli compete to drive neural responses and ultimately behavior. We stimulated the frontal eye field (FEF) of passively fixating monkeys and produced changes in V4 responses similar to known effect ...
... has been described in terms of its effect on the structure of receptive fields (RFs), where multiple stimuli compete to drive neural responses and ultimately behavior. We stimulated the frontal eye field (FEF) of passively fixating monkeys and produced changes in V4 responses similar to known effect ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... considerable differences between the pyramidal neurons shown. Layer V pyramidal neurons have longer apical dendrites and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal ...
... considerable differences between the pyramidal neurons shown. Layer V pyramidal neurons have longer apical dendrites and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal ...
The Cerebrum
... • Somatic Sensory Association Area » Receives and interprets information from skin, musculoskeletal system, vicera (organs), and taste buds » Works with primary sensory cortex ...
... • Somatic Sensory Association Area » Receives and interprets information from skin, musculoskeletal system, vicera (organs), and taste buds » Works with primary sensory cortex ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... approach is that sub-cortical structures typically contain much more quantifiable stimulus information than the cerebral cortex. The conclusion from this has been that neocortical circuits either lose information, or at least represent it using highly intricate (e.g. nonlinear) ways (Wu et al., 2006) ...
... approach is that sub-cortical structures typically contain much more quantifiable stimulus information than the cerebral cortex. The conclusion from this has been that neocortical circuits either lose information, or at least represent it using highly intricate (e.g. nonlinear) ways (Wu et al., 2006) ...
ling411-19-Learning - OWL-Space
... particular type of knowledge Within this general area the learning-based proximity factors select a more narrowly defined location Thus the exact localization depends on experience of the individual When part of the system is damaged, learning-based factors can take over and result in an abnor ...
... particular type of knowledge Within this general area the learning-based proximity factors select a more narrowly defined location Thus the exact localization depends on experience of the individual When part of the system is damaged, learning-based factors can take over and result in an abnor ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Inhibits respiratory centers via vagus nerve to prevent over inflation of lungs ...
... Inhibits respiratory centers via vagus nerve to prevent over inflation of lungs ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... possibly because this order exhibits robust oculomotor performance with eye movements comparable with those observed in mammals (Easter 1972; Pastor et al. 1992; Schairer and Bennett 1986). In the goldfish, neurons within the vestibular complex, notably the anterior, descending, and tangential octav ...
... possibly because this order exhibits robust oculomotor performance with eye movements comparable with those observed in mammals (Easter 1972; Pastor et al. 1992; Schairer and Bennett 1986). In the goldfish, neurons within the vestibular complex, notably the anterior, descending, and tangential octav ...
Formation of Neuronal Pathways in the lmaginal Discs of Drosophila
... 21 A4 stains all known sensory neurons as well as motor axons, and (2) the same neurons in the peripheral nervous system were stained when antibodies specific for HRP were used instead of MAb 2lA4; previous studies have shown that the antiperoxidase antibodies bind to all neuronal membranes in Droso ...
... 21 A4 stains all known sensory neurons as well as motor axons, and (2) the same neurons in the peripheral nervous system were stained when antibodies specific for HRP were used instead of MAb 2lA4; previous studies have shown that the antiperoxidase antibodies bind to all neuronal membranes in Droso ...
Synaptic Targets of Medial Septal Projections in the Hippocampus
... Temporal coordination of neuronal assemblies among cortical areas is essential for behavioral performance. GABAergic projections from the medial septum and diagonal band complex exclusively innervate GABAergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus, contributing to the coordination of neuronal activity ...
... Temporal coordination of neuronal assemblies among cortical areas is essential for behavioral performance. GABAergic projections from the medial septum and diagonal band complex exclusively innervate GABAergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus, contributing to the coordination of neuronal activity ...
Author`s personal copy - University of Queensland
... Chiropteran order is actually diphyletic and flight evolved twice in mammals. A summary of the evidence on each side of the debate about whether bats are monophyletic or diphyletic is provided in the accompanying paper (Dell et al., 2010). Most studies that support the diphyletic origin of bats have ...
... Chiropteran order is actually diphyletic and flight evolved twice in mammals. A summary of the evidence on each side of the debate about whether bats are monophyletic or diphyletic is provided in the accompanying paper (Dell et al., 2010). Most studies that support the diphyletic origin of bats have ...
Spinal Cord
... o Note that in the posterior column system the somatotopic organization in the cord is: leg is medial and arm is lateral. The opposite is true for the anterolateral system: the leg is lateral or dorsolateral and arm is medial. Spinocerebellar Tracts: Dorsal and Ventral Spinocerebellar Tracts loca ...
... o Note that in the posterior column system the somatotopic organization in the cord is: leg is medial and arm is lateral. The opposite is true for the anterolateral system: the leg is lateral or dorsolateral and arm is medial. Spinocerebellar Tracts: Dorsal and Ventral Spinocerebellar Tracts loca ...
Regents Biology - I Love Science
... bound involuntary together by actionsconnective those not tissue. For under this conscious Research reason, controla Visit the single such as Glencoe spinal your heart Science nerve rate, can Web site at have breathing, tx.science. impulses digestion, glencoe.co going and to m forfrom more and gland ...
... bound involuntary together by actionsconnective those not tissue. For under this conscious Research reason, controla Visit the single such as Glencoe spinal your heart Science nerve rate, can Web site at have breathing, tx.science. impulses digestion, glencoe.co going and to m forfrom more and gland ...
Self-referential forces are sufficient to explain different dendritic
... a neuron’s inputs. It is known that a range of chemical cues can influence the final shape of dendrites during development. Here, we investigate the extent to which self-referential influences, cues generated by the neuron itself, might influence morphology. To this end, we developed a phenomenologi ...
... a neuron’s inputs. It is known that a range of chemical cues can influence the final shape of dendrites during development. Here, we investigate the extent to which self-referential influences, cues generated by the neuron itself, might influence morphology. To this end, we developed a phenomenologi ...
Studies of the Role of the Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation
... Reversible lesions were produced using the recording/injection probe developed by Malpeli and Schiller18 and was accomplished by pressure injection of 50–200 nl of 2% lidocaine. In these initial experiments, we used lidocaine because, based upon results of our experiments in the SC, the size of the ...
... Reversible lesions were produced using the recording/injection probe developed by Malpeli and Schiller18 and was accomplished by pressure injection of 50–200 nl of 2% lidocaine. In these initial experiments, we used lidocaine because, based upon results of our experiments in the SC, the size of the ...
Lab 2. Medulla - Stritch School of Medicine
... to fall and veer to the right when he gets up to go to the bathroom one morning. When calling his wife, he notes he sounds hoarse and later feels nauseated. On examination, his right palate droops, and there is mild ptosis, with a smaller but reactive pupil on the right side. Pinprick and temperatur ...
... to fall and veer to the right when he gets up to go to the bathroom one morning. When calling his wife, he notes he sounds hoarse and later feels nauseated. On examination, his right palate droops, and there is mild ptosis, with a smaller but reactive pupil on the right side. Pinprick and temperatur ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... orienting response is no longer just a reflex for most vertebrates; it requires integration of multimodal sensory information. This in turn necessitates the presence of a mechanism that controls the integration process, with which an appropriate signal is selected. The basal ganglia may have evolved ...
... orienting response is no longer just a reflex for most vertebrates; it requires integration of multimodal sensory information. This in turn necessitates the presence of a mechanism that controls the integration process, with which an appropriate signal is selected. The basal ganglia may have evolved ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... with a rate code. The two different curves correspond to two different spike statistics of the spike train, a Poisson and an exponential probability of spike counts. Spike trains with exponential spike distributions can convey the maximum information with a rate code for ...
... with a rate code. The two different curves correspond to two different spike statistics of the spike train, a Poisson and an exponential probability of spike counts. Spike trains with exponential spike distributions can convey the maximum information with a rate code for ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... functions than motor areas, like PM, we expected that OFC neurons would better reflect the value associated with cues and reward delivery. Indeed, in stark contrast to PM neurons, OFC neurons fired most strongly for cues that predicted large reward (with small penalty) and least strongly for cues th ...
... functions than motor areas, like PM, we expected that OFC neurons would better reflect the value associated with cues and reward delivery. Indeed, in stark contrast to PM neurons, OFC neurons fired most strongly for cues that predicted large reward (with small penalty) and least strongly for cues th ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... with a rate code. The two different curves correspond to two different spike statistics of the spike train, a Poisson and an exponential probability of spike counts. Spike trains with exponential spike distributions can convey the maximum information with a rate code for ...
... with a rate code. The two different curves correspond to two different spike statistics of the spike train, a Poisson and an exponential probability of spike counts. Spike trains with exponential spike distributions can convey the maximum information with a rate code for ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.