Marginally hydrophobic transmembrane helices shaping membrane protein folding
... acyl chain allowing it to pack tightly, whereas unsaturated fatty acids contain kinks resulting in increased fluidity. In addition, incorporation of rigid steroidic lipids, such as cholesterol, confer stability (16) . Membrane fluidity is also dependent on temperature and some organisms can adjust t ...
... acyl chain allowing it to pack tightly, whereas unsaturated fatty acids contain kinks resulting in increased fluidity. In addition, incorporation of rigid steroidic lipids, such as cholesterol, confer stability (16) . Membrane fluidity is also dependent on temperature and some organisms can adjust t ...
A specific domain in α-catenin mediates binding to β
... Knudsen et al., 1995). Similar actin binding properties have been reported for vinculin, and based on the sequence homology the interaction of these two proteins with actin filaments may be regulated in a similar way (for review see Jockusch and Rüdiger, 1996). The essential function of α-catenin fo ...
... Knudsen et al., 1995). Similar actin binding properties have been reported for vinculin, and based on the sequence homology the interaction of these two proteins with actin filaments may be regulated in a similar way (for review see Jockusch and Rüdiger, 1996). The essential function of α-catenin fo ...
How do potentials derived from structural databases relate to true
... interact with each other when they are in contact, with an energy of - 1 for HH contacts and zero for HP or PP contacts. Because HP and PP contacts have equal energy, then, according to a Boltzmann distribution, an equal number of HP and PP contacts would be expected in the database of calculated mi ...
... interact with each other when they are in contact, with an energy of - 1 for HH contacts and zero for HP or PP contacts. Because HP and PP contacts have equal energy, then, according to a Boltzmann distribution, an equal number of HP and PP contacts would be expected in the database of calculated mi ...
Metabolite transport across the peroxisomal membrane
... was found to be completely normal in these knockouts, it was concluded that the defect occurs upstream of the β-oxidation process, presumably at the level of fatty acid import. These results suggest the existence of at least two distinct pathways for the import of fatty acids: (i) a Pxa1p/Pxa2p-inde ...
... was found to be completely normal in these knockouts, it was concluded that the defect occurs upstream of the β-oxidation process, presumably at the level of fatty acid import. These results suggest the existence of at least two distinct pathways for the import of fatty acids: (i) a Pxa1p/Pxa2p-inde ...
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48
... four fractions showed hemagglutinating activity toward desialylated human red blood cells. The yield of this activity corresponded to 64% of the total hemagglutinating activity initially added to the hydrophobic interaction chromatography (Table 1); fraction IV, which is the most hydrophobic, showed ...
... four fractions showed hemagglutinating activity toward desialylated human red blood cells. The yield of this activity corresponded to 64% of the total hemagglutinating activity initially added to the hydrophobic interaction chromatography (Table 1); fraction IV, which is the most hydrophobic, showed ...
Effects of various oxidants and antioxidants on the p38
... importance. Nevertheless, an approach of this issue focusing on lower vertebrates may also be of extreme interest. It should be considered that in such organisms the mechanisms of oxidative stress induction are similar with the ones mentioned above, though their physiology is quite different. Amphib ...
... importance. Nevertheless, an approach of this issue focusing on lower vertebrates may also be of extreme interest. It should be considered that in such organisms the mechanisms of oxidative stress induction are similar with the ones mentioned above, though their physiology is quite different. Amphib ...
Amino acids and mTORC1: from lysosomes to disease
... underlies the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates signals arising from nutrients, energy, and growth factors, but how exactly these signals are propagated await to be fully understood. Recent findings have placed the ly ...
... underlies the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates signals arising from nutrients, energy, and growth factors, but how exactly these signals are propagated await to be fully understood. Recent findings have placed the ly ...
University of Groningen Cross-linking of dimeric CitS and GltS
... and includes the Ion Transporter (IT) superfamily ...
... and includes the Ion Transporter (IT) superfamily ...
Periplasmic folding factors in Gram-negative bacteria
... All organisms need a system to regulate the uptake of substances from their external milieu, allowing nutrients to enter and preventing toxic substances from doing so. In Gram-negative bacteria the cell envelope is responsible for determining which substances can enter the cell. It consists of two m ...
... All organisms need a system to regulate the uptake of substances from their external milieu, allowing nutrients to enter and preventing toxic substances from doing so. In Gram-negative bacteria the cell envelope is responsible for determining which substances can enter the cell. It consists of two m ...
FtsZ - Cytoskeleton, Inc.
... cell division. FtsZ inactivation inhibits cell division, making them attractive targets for novel anti-microbial drugs. Although FtsZ proteins exhibit a degree of homology, inhibitors of the proteins show differential affinities and efficacies. Thus, improved targeting can be achieved by screening s ...
... cell division. FtsZ inactivation inhibits cell division, making them attractive targets for novel anti-microbial drugs. Although FtsZ proteins exhibit a degree of homology, inhibitors of the proteins show differential affinities and efficacies. Thus, improved targeting can be achieved by screening s ...
dasar ilmu tanah fiksasi nitrogen
... 6 electrons are required to reduce N2 to 2NH3. This reduction process is catalysed by Nitrogenase. Made up of two proteins – dinitrogenase and dinitrogen reductase. Both contain Fe and DR also has Mo. In DR the Fe and Mo are contained in a cofactor FeMo-co and the reduction of N2 occurs here. The fo ...
... 6 electrons are required to reduce N2 to 2NH3. This reduction process is catalysed by Nitrogenase. Made up of two proteins – dinitrogenase and dinitrogen reductase. Both contain Fe and DR also has Mo. In DR the Fe and Mo are contained in a cofactor FeMo-co and the reduction of N2 occurs here. The fo ...
Specific Interaction of the PDZ Domain Protein PICK1 with the
... The GAL4(AD)-PICK1 deletions were constructed using PCR primers that introduced BglII restriction sites to amplify the respective fragments using GAL4(AD)-PICK1 as a template. The resulting fragments were cloned into the BglII restriction site of pACT. The C. elegans expressed sequence tag accession ...
... The GAL4(AD)-PICK1 deletions were constructed using PCR primers that introduced BglII restriction sites to amplify the respective fragments using GAL4(AD)-PICK1 as a template. The resulting fragments were cloned into the BglII restriction site of pACT. The C. elegans expressed sequence tag accession ...
Removal of SDS from biological protein digests for proteomic
... the suitable selection of their building blocks (metal and organic linker). Apart from these features, the lower acidity of the active centers in MOFs makes these materials even very attractive compared Zeolites (highly acidic centers). Also, MOFs may be changing the interactions of adsorbing reacta ...
... the suitable selection of their building blocks (metal and organic linker). Apart from these features, the lower acidity of the active centers in MOFs makes these materials even very attractive compared Zeolites (highly acidic centers). Also, MOFs may be changing the interactions of adsorbing reacta ...
A Comprehensive Mutational Analysis of the
... report a comprehensive mutational analysis in which more than 100 RPW8.2 mutants were functionally evaluated for their defense and trafficking properties. We show that three amino acid residues (i.e., threonine-64, valine-68, and aspartic acid-112) are critical for RPW8.2-mediated cell death and resi ...
... report a comprehensive mutational analysis in which more than 100 RPW8.2 mutants were functionally evaluated for their defense and trafficking properties. We show that three amino acid residues (i.e., threonine-64, valine-68, and aspartic acid-112) are critical for RPW8.2-mediated cell death and resi ...
Genetic Dissection of Chloroplast Biogenesis and
... develop along with the newly assembled photosystems for assimilating light for photosynthesis. Alternatively, proplastid to chloroplast differentiation in the light proceeds directly. In some cases, chloroplasts can also develop from other plastids such as chromoplasts, though our focus here will be ...
... develop along with the newly assembled photosystems for assimilating light for photosynthesis. Alternatively, proplastid to chloroplast differentiation in the light proceeds directly. In some cases, chloroplasts can also develop from other plastids such as chromoplasts, though our focus here will be ...
Homer1a and Fragile X 1 Disrupted mGluR5
... synthesis of Arc. Related to Fig. 1 A. Pretreatment of rat hippocampal slices with a peptide that disrupts mGluR5-Homer interactions (tat-mGluR5CT; CT; 5 hours; 5 µM) results in enhanced DHPGinduced (100 µM; 5 min) phosphorylation of EF2 in comparison to slices treated with a control peptide that do ...
... synthesis of Arc. Related to Fig. 1 A. Pretreatment of rat hippocampal slices with a peptide that disrupts mGluR5-Homer interactions (tat-mGluR5CT; CT; 5 hours; 5 µM) results in enhanced DHPGinduced (100 µM; 5 min) phosphorylation of EF2 in comparison to slices treated with a control peptide that do ...
Identification and cDNA cloning of a Xenopus nucleolar
... by RNA polymerase I to produce a precursor rRNA (pre rRNA), which is 45 S in mammals, 40 S in Xenopus and 35 S in yeast. Pre rRNA is then processed to give mature 18 S, 28 S and 5.8 S rRNAs, which are then packaged with ribosomal proteins to form preribosomal particles. The nucleolus can be divided ...
... by RNA polymerase I to produce a precursor rRNA (pre rRNA), which is 45 S in mammals, 40 S in Xenopus and 35 S in yeast. Pre rRNA is then processed to give mature 18 S, 28 S and 5.8 S rRNAs, which are then packaged with ribosomal proteins to form preribosomal particles. The nucleolus can be divided ...
RenalTubularTransportof AminoAcids
... John Atherton Young and Benedict Sol Freedman Cushny in 1917 first remarked on the extensive amino acid reabsorption which occurs in the nephron. Although many workers since then have studied the nature and localization of the reabsorptive mechanism, progress has been slow because of the technical d ...
... John Atherton Young and Benedict Sol Freedman Cushny in 1917 first remarked on the extensive amino acid reabsorption which occurs in the nephron. Although many workers since then have studied the nature and localization of the reabsorptive mechanism, progress has been slow because of the technical d ...
The coupling modification of gABA Flyer (, 0.15 kB)
... Besides the ability of directly adjusting the muscle tensity, gABA also has other functions, for instance, people will feel anxious and tired when he/she lacks gABA in the body. Consequently, gABA has great influences on normal physiological function of human being. ...
... Besides the ability of directly adjusting the muscle tensity, gABA also has other functions, for instance, people will feel anxious and tired when he/she lacks gABA in the body. Consequently, gABA has great influences on normal physiological function of human being. ...
Protein (nutrient)
Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue, and can also serve as a fuel source. As a fuel, proteins contain 4 kcal per gram, just like carbohydrates and unlike lipids, which contain 9 kcal per gram. The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition.Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions. This is crucial for the synthesis of the essential amino acids that cannot be biosynthesized by the body.There are nine essential amino acids which humans must obtain from their diet in order to prevent protein-energy malnutrition. They are phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine. There are five dispensable amino acids which humans are able to synthesize in the body. These five are alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid and serine. There are six conditionally essential amino acids whose synthesis can be limited under special pathophysiological conditions, such as prematurity in the infant or individuals in severe catabolic distress. These six are arginine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, proline and tyrosine.Humans need the essential amino acids in certain ratios. Some protein sources contain amino acids in a more or less 'complete' sense. This has given rise to various ranking systems for protein sources, as described in the article.Animal sources of protein include meats, dairy products, fish and eggs. Vegan sources of protein include whole grains, pulses, legumes, soy, and nuts. Vegetarians and vegans can get enough essential amino acids by eating a variety of plant proteins. It is commonly believed that athletes should consume a higher-than-normal protein intake to maintain optimal physical performance.