Molecular mechanisms of complement evasion: learning from
... To survive in the human host, bacteria have developed many different strategies to escape the innate immune response, including the expression of an extracellular capsule and ‘hiding’ within host cells, either in a vacuole or in the cytoplasm. Over the past few years it has become clear that, in add ...
... To survive in the human host, bacteria have developed many different strategies to escape the innate immune response, including the expression of an extracellular capsule and ‘hiding’ within host cells, either in a vacuole or in the cytoplasm. Over the past few years it has become clear that, in add ...
Sense codon emancipation for proteomewide incorporation of
... used for substitution of the cAA with a structurally similar ncAA analog. In the newly synthesized proteins, the canonical amino acid is efficiently replaced by its analog at all sites (global replacement). This method is often called residue-specific incorporation, as all codons coding for a given ...
... used for substitution of the cAA with a structurally similar ncAA analog. In the newly synthesized proteins, the canonical amino acid is efficiently replaced by its analog at all sites (global replacement). This method is often called residue-specific incorporation, as all codons coding for a given ...
Effect of Amino Acid Sequence and pH on Nanofiber
... Self-Assembly of EAK16s at Various pH Values. The pKa values of the side chains of glutamic acid and lysine are 4.25 and 10.53, respectively. Because the pH of the pure water is around 7, the carboxylic acid groups would be negatively charged and the amino groups positively charged. To test the effe ...
... Self-Assembly of EAK16s at Various pH Values. The pKa values of the side chains of glutamic acid and lysine are 4.25 and 10.53, respectively. Because the pH of the pure water is around 7, the carboxylic acid groups would be negatively charged and the amino groups positively charged. To test the effe ...
MAPK Review
... strongly impacting on the activities and outputs of MAPK pathways. Best described by the yeast example Ste5, scaffolds are paramount for achieving MAPK specificity.64,70,71 The yeast MAP3K, Ste11, can activate either Ste7, a MAP2K for the MAPKs Kss1 and Fus3, in response to pheromone; or Pbs2, the M ...
... strongly impacting on the activities and outputs of MAPK pathways. Best described by the yeast example Ste5, scaffolds are paramount for achieving MAPK specificity.64,70,71 The yeast MAP3K, Ste11, can activate either Ste7, a MAP2K for the MAPKs Kss1 and Fus3, in response to pheromone; or Pbs2, the M ...
Combining docking and molecular dynamic simulations in drug design
... After the completion of the human genome project, it was expected that a large number of new drug targets would be found expeditiously. However, the 30,000 or so genes encoded within the human genome did not turn out to offer a direct source for drug development, as it is not them, but the proteins ...
... After the completion of the human genome project, it was expected that a large number of new drug targets would be found expeditiously. However, the 30,000 or so genes encoded within the human genome did not turn out to offer a direct source for drug development, as it is not them, but the proteins ...
Role of lipids in the translocation of proteins across membranes
... precursors, such as prepro-α-factor, however, follow a SRPindependent post-translational pathway. In this case, the energy needed to drive translocation is derived from ATP hydrolysis by the lumenal Hsp70 family member Bip. A tetrameric complex consisting of Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71 and Sec72 is involv ...
... precursors, such as prepro-α-factor, however, follow a SRPindependent post-translational pathway. In this case, the energy needed to drive translocation is derived from ATP hydrolysis by the lumenal Hsp70 family member Bip. A tetrameric complex consisting of Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71 and Sec72 is involv ...
Free Full Text ( Final Version , 5mb ) - EUR RePub
... at, 1987). However, ubiquitin has also been found coupled to stable proteins and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes have been implicated in other basic cellular functions such as DNA repair and cell cycle control (for review see Jentsch et at, 1991 ). Therefore, it is now understood that the marking of p ...
... at, 1987). However, ubiquitin has also been found coupled to stable proteins and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes have been implicated in other basic cellular functions such as DNA repair and cell cycle control (for review see Jentsch et at, 1991 ). Therefore, it is now understood that the marking of p ...
Yeast extracts
... tomatoes, cheese and meat, a common, and yet absolutely singular, taste which cannot be called sweet, or sour, or salty, or bitter…." Later research revealed that umami could also be achieved using the nucleotides inosinate (IMP) and guanylate (GMP), a combination often referred to as I+G. And, whil ...
... tomatoes, cheese and meat, a common, and yet absolutely singular, taste which cannot be called sweet, or sour, or salty, or bitter…." Later research revealed that umami could also be achieved using the nucleotides inosinate (IMP) and guanylate (GMP), a combination often referred to as I+G. And, whil ...
Theoretical studies of Membrane Proteins
... and 3D structures. Prediction of the membrane spanning regions by hydrophobicity analysis is a key technique used in several of the studies. A novel method for this is also presented and compared to other methods. The primary questions addressed in the thesis are: What properties are common to all m ...
... and 3D structures. Prediction of the membrane spanning regions by hydrophobicity analysis is a key technique used in several of the studies. A novel method for this is also presented and compared to other methods. The primary questions addressed in the thesis are: What properties are common to all m ...
Functional analysis of a novel baculovirus envelope fusion protein
... 2002). Most of the current fundamental insights about baculoviruses have been gathered by research on the type species Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Nowadays a lot more baculoviruses are studied because of their unique features and their potential use as biological i ...
... 2002). Most of the current fundamental insights about baculoviruses have been gathered by research on the type species Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Nowadays a lot more baculoviruses are studied because of their unique features and their potential use as biological i ...
A new type of plant chitinase containing LysM domains from a fern
... et al. 1993; Graham and Sticklen 1994). However, an endogenous substrate for plant chitinases has not yet been found. In the absence of an endogenous substrate, plant chitinases may be involved in the interaction between plants and microbes, which produce chitin and chitin-related compounds. One of ...
... et al. 1993; Graham and Sticklen 1994). However, an endogenous substrate for plant chitinases has not yet been found. In the absence of an endogenous substrate, plant chitinases may be involved in the interaction between plants and microbes, which produce chitin and chitin-related compounds. One of ...
Prediction of protease substrates using sequence
... substrates to induce apoptosis in virally infected and neoplastic cells. While substrates for both types of proteases have been determined experimentally, there are many more yet to be discovered in humans and other metazoans. Here, we present a bioinformatics method based on support vector machine ...
... substrates to induce apoptosis in virally infected and neoplastic cells. While substrates for both types of proteases have been determined experimentally, there are many more yet to be discovered in humans and other metazoans. Here, we present a bioinformatics method based on support vector machine ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... survival in the face of such environmental challenges. One aspect of such investigation asks how the archaeal cell envelope, directly exposed to the harsh physical conditions in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, gener ...
... survival in the face of such environmental challenges. One aspect of such investigation asks how the archaeal cell envelope, directly exposed to the harsh physical conditions in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, gener ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... survival in the face of such environmental challenges. One aspect of such investigation asks how the archaeal cell envelope, directly exposed to the harsh physical conditions in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, gener ...
... survival in the face of such environmental challenges. One aspect of such investigation asks how the archaeal cell envelope, directly exposed to the harsh physical conditions in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, gener ...
The Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor in Xenopus
... * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI 53706. Phone: 608-262-8007. Fax: ...
... * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI 53706. Phone: 608-262-8007. Fax: ...
Helical capsids of plant viruses
... appeared to be similar in three studied potexviruses. For example, in PapMV the IA domain residues involved in inter-subunit interactions include Ala12, Phe13, Ile16, Met21, Ile24 and Val26, with the Phe13 residue being buried in the hydrophobic pocket formed by Leu39, Val42, Met46, Val56, Ala60, Ph ...
... appeared to be similar in three studied potexviruses. For example, in PapMV the IA domain residues involved in inter-subunit interactions include Ala12, Phe13, Ile16, Met21, Ile24 and Val26, with the Phe13 residue being buried in the hydrophobic pocket formed by Leu39, Val42, Met46, Val56, Ala60, Ph ...
Purification and Characterization of Bacteriocin Produced by Lactococcus lactis
... cultures, to improve food quality and safety [4 ]. Lactococcus lactis strains are widely distributed used as starter for several types of cheese, fermented milk products,and ripened cream butter. T he fermentation of sugars, leading to a pH decrease which is important for milk clotting and reduction ...
... cultures, to improve food quality and safety [4 ]. Lactococcus lactis strains are widely distributed used as starter for several types of cheese, fermented milk products,and ripened cream butter. T he fermentation of sugars, leading to a pH decrease which is important for milk clotting and reduction ...
Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa Product Number P7012 Storage
... fragments from antibodies. The optimal pH for the pepsin reaction is 1.5-2.5, which will not be detrimental to the antibody if it is not exposed for long durations to the low pH. Solutions should be adjusted to neutral pH for storage. The control of pepsin digestion of ...
... fragments from antibodies. The optimal pH for the pepsin reaction is 1.5-2.5, which will not be detrimental to the antibody if it is not exposed for long durations to the low pH. Solutions should be adjusted to neutral pH for storage. The control of pepsin digestion of ...
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes: beyond translation
... Although aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are housekeeping enzymes essential for protein synthesis, they can play non-catalytic roles in diverse biological processes. Some ARSs are capable of forming complexes with each other and additional proteins. This characteristic is most pronounced in mammal ...
... Although aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are housekeeping enzymes essential for protein synthesis, they can play non-catalytic roles in diverse biological processes. Some ARSs are capable of forming complexes with each other and additional proteins. This characteristic is most pronounced in mammal ...
Glycoprotein IIIa Is Phosphorylated in Intact Human
... inhibit phosphorylation of G P IIIa that might occur after lysis and the release of cytoplasmic [32P]ATP.No inhibition of G P IIIa phosphorylation by excess unlabeled ATP was observed (data not shown). Second, when unlabeled platelets were lysed in the presence of [32P]ATP,no phosphorylation of G P ...
... inhibit phosphorylation of G P IIIa that might occur after lysis and the release of cytoplasmic [32P]ATP.No inhibition of G P IIIa phosphorylation by excess unlabeled ATP was observed (data not shown). Second, when unlabeled platelets were lysed in the presence of [32P]ATP,no phosphorylation of G P ...
Model Description Sheet
... According to the CDC, 34.9% of United States adults are obese, which is linked to premature death, heart disease, cancer, respiratory disorders, fertility problems, Type 2 diabetes, and stroke. Over- and under-eating are related to brain chemistry. A 38 amino acid peptide hormone in the hypothalamus ...
... According to the CDC, 34.9% of United States adults are obese, which is linked to premature death, heart disease, cancer, respiratory disorders, fertility problems, Type 2 diabetes, and stroke. Over- and under-eating are related to brain chemistry. A 38 amino acid peptide hormone in the hypothalamus ...
Protein (nutrient)
Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue, and can also serve as a fuel source. As a fuel, proteins contain 4 kcal per gram, just like carbohydrates and unlike lipids, which contain 9 kcal per gram. The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition.Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions. This is crucial for the synthesis of the essential amino acids that cannot be biosynthesized by the body.There are nine essential amino acids which humans must obtain from their diet in order to prevent protein-energy malnutrition. They are phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine. There are five dispensable amino acids which humans are able to synthesize in the body. These five are alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid and serine. There are six conditionally essential amino acids whose synthesis can be limited under special pathophysiological conditions, such as prematurity in the infant or individuals in severe catabolic distress. These six are arginine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, proline and tyrosine.Humans need the essential amino acids in certain ratios. Some protein sources contain amino acids in a more or less 'complete' sense. This has given rise to various ranking systems for protein sources, as described in the article.Animal sources of protein include meats, dairy products, fish and eggs. Vegan sources of protein include whole grains, pulses, legumes, soy, and nuts. Vegetarians and vegans can get enough essential amino acids by eating a variety of plant proteins. It is commonly believed that athletes should consume a higher-than-normal protein intake to maintain optimal physical performance.