The nonenzymatic subunit of pseutarin C, a
... physiologically relevant rate, FXa must form the “prothrombinase complex” with the nonenzymatic cofactor factor Va (FVa), calcium ions, and phospholipid membranes.1 Phospholipids stimulate prothrombin activation by lowering the Km for prothrombin2-4 and provide a surface on which FXa, FVa, and proth ...
... physiologically relevant rate, FXa must form the “prothrombinase complex” with the nonenzymatic cofactor factor Va (FVa), calcium ions, and phospholipid membranes.1 Phospholipids stimulate prothrombin activation by lowering the Km for prothrombin2-4 and provide a surface on which FXa, FVa, and proth ...
Extreme sweetness: protein glycosylation in archaea
... protein modification helps archaea to survive in some of the harshest environments on the planet. The advent of high-throughput sequencing has had an enormous impact on many areas of the biological sciences, but perhaps nowhere more so than in microbiology. At the same time, it has become clear that ...
... protein modification helps archaea to survive in some of the harshest environments on the planet. The advent of high-throughput sequencing has had an enormous impact on many areas of the biological sciences, but perhaps nowhere more so than in microbiology. At the same time, it has become clear that ...
Classification of Structural Protein Domain Based on Hidden Markov
... [18-23]. However, in many studies, several species were grouped into one category many of or group amino acids into pseudo categories, this will provide less interest on features that are responsible for PDZ domain classifications. Most works in the literatures are focused on predicting various pept ...
... [18-23]. However, in many studies, several species were grouped into one category many of or group amino acids into pseudo categories, this will provide less interest on features that are responsible for PDZ domain classifications. Most works in the literatures are focused on predicting various pept ...
Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Sugar Beet Leaves
... described (4). Accumulated radioactivity was measured with scintillation spectrometry. ApH-Dependent transport was calculated from the difference between the transport activity in the absence and that in the presence of 5 ALM CCCP2. Each experiment was repeated at least three times with multiple tim ...
... described (4). Accumulated radioactivity was measured with scintillation spectrometry. ApH-Dependent transport was calculated from the difference between the transport activity in the absence and that in the presence of 5 ALM CCCP2. Each experiment was repeated at least three times with multiple tim ...
Response of glucose metabolism enzymes in an acute porphyria
... The hepatic heme biosynthetic pathway is closely regulated, and intermediates 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG), as well as porphyrins, the oxidized forms of porphyrinogen, are excreted only in trace amounts. However, this regulation is altered in acute hepatic porphyrias, and th ...
... The hepatic heme biosynthetic pathway is closely regulated, and intermediates 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG), as well as porphyrins, the oxidized forms of porphyrinogen, are excreted only in trace amounts. However, this regulation is altered in acute hepatic porphyrias, and th ...
Microsoft Word (manuscript)
... decrease of substrate (DPM) concentration might have been compensated by protein Omannosyltransferases activity or their expression rates. Protein O-mannosyltransferases were only slightly more active (about 12%) in both dpm1,3 transformed strains than in the control and this increase was not statis ...
... decrease of substrate (DPM) concentration might have been compensated by protein Omannosyltransferases activity or their expression rates. Protein O-mannosyltransferases were only slightly more active (about 12%) in both dpm1,3 transformed strains than in the control and this increase was not statis ...
Molecular analysis of Physarum haemagglutinin I
... Instruments). Calibration of the mass range was achieved by injecting a mixture of PEGS. RP-HPLC-purified proteins or peptides were dissolved in 50o/' acetonitrile containing 0-1YO TFA at a concentration of 10-40 pmol pl-' and directly introduced into the ion source at a flow rate of 20 pl min-l. Th ...
... Instruments). Calibration of the mass range was achieved by injecting a mixture of PEGS. RP-HPLC-purified proteins or peptides were dissolved in 50o/' acetonitrile containing 0-1YO TFA at a concentration of 10-40 pmol pl-' and directly introduced into the ion source at a flow rate of 20 pl min-l. Th ...
Molecular analysis of Physarum haemagglutinin I
... Instruments). Calibration of the mass range was achieved by injecting a mixture of PEGS. RP-HPLC-purified proteins or peptides were dissolved in 50o/' acetonitrile containing 0-1YO TFA at a concentration of 10-40 pmol pl-' and directly introduced into the ion source at a flow rate of 20 pl min-l. Th ...
... Instruments). Calibration of the mass range was achieved by injecting a mixture of PEGS. RP-HPLC-purified proteins or peptides were dissolved in 50o/' acetonitrile containing 0-1YO TFA at a concentration of 10-40 pmol pl-' and directly introduced into the ion source at a flow rate of 20 pl min-l. Th ...
Site-selective incorporation and ligation of
... method is that the reaction is rapid; oxidation of β amino alcohols is 100–1000 times faster than the oxidation of vicinal diols encountered in carbohydrates.24 Care must be taken when using this method however as other amino acids can be oxidised under certain conditions (cysteine and methionine re ...
... method is that the reaction is rapid; oxidation of β amino alcohols is 100–1000 times faster than the oxidation of vicinal diols encountered in carbohydrates.24 Care must be taken when using this method however as other amino acids can be oxidised under certain conditions (cysteine and methionine re ...
Hepatic Secretion of Conjugated Drugs and Endogenous Substances
... family to be cloned, localized, and functionally characterized.7–9,16,18,19,30,33–36,44–49 Up to now, it is the only conjugate export pump detected in the apical (canalicular) membrane domain of hepatocytes. MRP2 has also been localized to the apical membrane of kidney proximal tubules,47,48 of inte ...
... family to be cloned, localized, and functionally characterized.7–9,16,18,19,30,33–36,44–49 Up to now, it is the only conjugate export pump detected in the apical (canalicular) membrane domain of hepatocytes. MRP2 has also been localized to the apical membrane of kidney proximal tubules,47,48 of inte ...
Optimization of the heterologous expression of folate metabolic Plasmodium falciparum
... preference of the target gene in P. falciparum, as such the translation machinery matches that of Plasmodium (Angov et al. 2008). Furthermore, greater expression levels of GTPCHI were achieved in the absence of Pfhsp70 due to expression of a possible Nterminal deletion product or E. coli protein. Pu ...
... preference of the target gene in P. falciparum, as such the translation machinery matches that of Plasmodium (Angov et al. 2008). Furthermore, greater expression levels of GTPCHI were achieved in the absence of Pfhsp70 due to expression of a possible Nterminal deletion product or E. coli protein. Pu ...
Hemoglobin Receptor in Leishmania Is a Hexokinase Located in the
... kala-azar (1), affecting millions of people worldwide. In common with most trypanosomatids, Leishmania lack a complete heme biosynthetic pathway (2) and must acquire heme from the external sources to sustain their growth (3). The majority of the heme in the host is sequestered in erythrocytes in the ...
... kala-azar (1), affecting millions of people worldwide. In common with most trypanosomatids, Leishmania lack a complete heme biosynthetic pathway (2) and must acquire heme from the external sources to sustain their growth (3). The majority of the heme in the host is sequestered in erythrocytes in the ...
Solid-phase classical complement activation by C
... multiple sclerosis, complement activation may also contribute to the pathogenesis [2, 5, 6]. ...
... multiple sclerosis, complement activation may also contribute to the pathogenesis [2, 5, 6]. ...
Protein Quality Control as a Strategy for Cellular Regulation
... Ubiquitination of proteins occurs by the successive action of a cascade of three enzymes (Figure 1). This process is extensively detailed in numerous reviews,1 so a useful summary is described here. The E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme uses ATP to covalently activate and then add ubiquitin to an E2 ub ...
... Ubiquitination of proteins occurs by the successive action of a cascade of three enzymes (Figure 1). This process is extensively detailed in numerous reviews,1 so a useful summary is described here. The E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme uses ATP to covalently activate and then add ubiquitin to an E2 ub ...
Structural Basis for Bivalent Smac-Mimetics Recognition in the IAP
... protein of 40 kDa, released from the mitochondria. Structural and binding studies show that SmacDIABLO binds to the XIAP-BIR3 domain through a specific IAP binding motif (IBM), built by its Nterminal tetrapeptide Ala-Val-Pro-Ile (AVPI).24 Smac AVPI competes directly with a similar tetrapeptide (ATPF ...
... protein of 40 kDa, released from the mitochondria. Structural and binding studies show that SmacDIABLO binds to the XIAP-BIR3 domain through a specific IAP binding motif (IBM), built by its Nterminal tetrapeptide Ala-Val-Pro-Ile (AVPI).24 Smac AVPI competes directly with a similar tetrapeptide (ATPF ...
Effects of macromolecular crowding on protein folding and
... with acidic proteins such as BSA and ovalbumin (which have pIs of 4.6 and 4.9, respectively) at the pH of 7.4 used here. Moreover, since BSA and ovalbumin both contain a single free cysteine residue, intermolecular disulfide bonds could be formed between these protein crowding agents and lysozyme re ...
... with acidic proteins such as BSA and ovalbumin (which have pIs of 4.6 and 4.9, respectively) at the pH of 7.4 used here. Moreover, since BSA and ovalbumin both contain a single free cysteine residue, intermolecular disulfide bonds could be formed between these protein crowding agents and lysozyme re ...
Calcium binding chaperones of the endoplasmic reticulum
... Ca2+ store refilling is controlled by the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) (Lipskaia et al. 2009) while the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase actively remove Ca2+ from the cells (Rhodes and Sanderson 2009). Taken together, both the ER Ca2+ buffering proteins and t ...
... Ca2+ store refilling is controlled by the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) (Lipskaia et al. 2009) while the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase actively remove Ca2+ from the cells (Rhodes and Sanderson 2009). Taken together, both the ER Ca2+ buffering proteins and t ...
Vesicle-mediated Protein Transport: Regulatory
... genes has provided considerable insight into the molecules and mechanisms involved in the signal-mediated delivery of proteins to the vacuole. Analyses of the VPSl5 and VPS34 genes have indicated that they encode homologues of a serine/threonine protein kinase and a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pt ...
... genes has provided considerable insight into the molecules and mechanisms involved in the signal-mediated delivery of proteins to the vacuole. Analyses of the VPSl5 and VPS34 genes have indicated that they encode homologues of a serine/threonine protein kinase and a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pt ...
The paradox of elongation factor 4: highly conserved, yet of no
... machine present in all living cells which uses aa-tRNA (aminoacyl-tRNA) substrates to translate genomic information encoded in an mRNA [1–5]. Translation can be roughly divided into four stages: initiation, elongation, termination of protein synthesis and recycling of the ribosome [6–10]. In each of ...
... machine present in all living cells which uses aa-tRNA (aminoacyl-tRNA) substrates to translate genomic information encoded in an mRNA [1–5]. Translation can be roughly divided into four stages: initiation, elongation, termination of protein synthesis and recycling of the ribosome [6–10]. In each of ...
The Activity of a Developmentally Regulated Cysteine Proteinase Is
... Giardia is an intestinal parasite that belongs to the earliest diverging branch of the eukaryotic lineage of descent. Giardia undergoes adaptation for survival outside the host’s intestine by differentiating into infective cysts. Encystation involves the synthesis and transport of cyst wall constitu ...
... Giardia is an intestinal parasite that belongs to the earliest diverging branch of the eukaryotic lineage of descent. Giardia undergoes adaptation for survival outside the host’s intestine by differentiating into infective cysts. Encystation involves the synthesis and transport of cyst wall constitu ...
Mucolipin 1 channel activity is regulated by protein kinase A
... activity. The stimulatory effect of H89 on MCOLN1 function was not observed when Ser557 and Ser559 were mutated to alanine residues, indicating that these two residues are essential for PKAmediated negative regulation of MCOLN1. This paper presents the first example of regulation of a member of the ...
... activity. The stimulatory effect of H89 on MCOLN1 function was not observed when Ser557 and Ser559 were mutated to alanine residues, indicating that these two residues are essential for PKAmediated negative regulation of MCOLN1. This paper presents the first example of regulation of a member of the ...
The Serum Proteins of the Rat During Development
... An asymmetry was found in the trailing region of the gamma-globulin fraction during all stages of development, including the adult. An asymmetry very similar in appearance and position was also found by Gurvich & Karsaevskaya (1956), but only in sera from perinatal animals. These workers have design ...
... An asymmetry was found in the trailing region of the gamma-globulin fraction during all stages of development, including the adult. An asymmetry very similar in appearance and position was also found by Gurvich & Karsaevskaya (1956), but only in sera from perinatal animals. These workers have design ...
Protein (nutrient)
Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue, and can also serve as a fuel source. As a fuel, proteins contain 4 kcal per gram, just like carbohydrates and unlike lipids, which contain 9 kcal per gram. The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition.Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions. This is crucial for the synthesis of the essential amino acids that cannot be biosynthesized by the body.There are nine essential amino acids which humans must obtain from their diet in order to prevent protein-energy malnutrition. They are phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine. There are five dispensable amino acids which humans are able to synthesize in the body. These five are alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid and serine. There are six conditionally essential amino acids whose synthesis can be limited under special pathophysiological conditions, such as prematurity in the infant or individuals in severe catabolic distress. These six are arginine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, proline and tyrosine.Humans need the essential amino acids in certain ratios. Some protein sources contain amino acids in a more or less 'complete' sense. This has given rise to various ranking systems for protein sources, as described in the article.Animal sources of protein include meats, dairy products, fish and eggs. Vegan sources of protein include whole grains, pulses, legumes, soy, and nuts. Vegetarians and vegans can get enough essential amino acids by eating a variety of plant proteins. It is commonly believed that athletes should consume a higher-than-normal protein intake to maintain optimal physical performance.