Cellular Respiration
... Glycolysis Fermentation Aerobic Cellular Respiration – glucose metabolism with oxygen that produces 36 ATP molecules, CO2 and H2O. Involves 4 stages: Glycolysis ...
... Glycolysis Fermentation Aerobic Cellular Respiration – glucose metabolism with oxygen that produces 36 ATP molecules, CO2 and H2O. Involves 4 stages: Glycolysis ...
Midterm Exam Advanced Biochemistry II (Answer) 1. At equilibrium
... muscle tissue is vastly increased. In rabbit leg muscle or turkey flight muscle, the ATP is produced almost exclusively by lactic acid fermentation. ATP is formed in the payoff phase of glycolysis by two reactions, promoted by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase. Suppose skeletal muscle were ...
... muscle tissue is vastly increased. In rabbit leg muscle or turkey flight muscle, the ATP is produced almost exclusively by lactic acid fermentation. ATP is formed in the payoff phase of glycolysis by two reactions, promoted by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase. Suppose skeletal muscle were ...
Document
... •Glycolysis also provides cytoplasm with 2 mol NADH/glucose. •In the absence of O2, NADH is oxidized by reduction of pyruvate. •In the presence of O2, NADH is oxidized in the mitochondria. ...
... •Glycolysis also provides cytoplasm with 2 mol NADH/glucose. •In the absence of O2, NADH is oxidized by reduction of pyruvate. •In the presence of O2, NADH is oxidized in the mitochondria. ...
7.2 Glycolysis
... Glycolysis occurs with or without oxygen (during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration) Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell During glycolysis glucose is split in two to form 2 pyruvate molecules ...
... Glycolysis occurs with or without oxygen (during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration) Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell During glycolysis glucose is split in two to form 2 pyruvate molecules ...
Chapter 8 study guide
... 2nd law of thermodynamics various types of energy and what they are used for with regards to organisms know what each part of the free energy equation means and measures, and how H and S effect G change in free energy at chemical equilibrium exergonic / enderonic reactions endergonic /exergonic reac ...
... 2nd law of thermodynamics various types of energy and what they are used for with regards to organisms know what each part of the free energy equation means and measures, and how H and S effect G change in free energy at chemical equilibrium exergonic / enderonic reactions endergonic /exergonic reac ...
(i)
... (a) The frozen layer cuts off the atmospheric oxygen from dissolving into the pond water. The dissolved oxygen in the pond water is used up by the aquatic lives. (b) The goldfish carries out anaerobic respiration The amount of energy produced from anaerobic respiration of glucose is one-nineteenth o ...
... (a) The frozen layer cuts off the atmospheric oxygen from dissolving into the pond water. The dissolved oxygen in the pond water is used up by the aquatic lives. (b) The goldfish carries out anaerobic respiration The amount of energy produced from anaerobic respiration of glucose is one-nineteenth o ...
Chap 5
... pathway) is the primary pathway in many organisms 2. Aerobic catabolism of organic compounds such as glucose may be considered in three different phases: (1) EMP pathway for fermentation of glucose to pyruvate (2) Krebs, tricarboxylic acid (TCA), or citric acid cycle for conversion of pyruvate to CO ...
... pathway) is the primary pathway in many organisms 2. Aerobic catabolism of organic compounds such as glucose may be considered in three different phases: (1) EMP pathway for fermentation of glucose to pyruvate (2) Krebs, tricarboxylic acid (TCA), or citric acid cycle for conversion of pyruvate to CO ...
Regulation on Cellular respiration
... • The amino acids liberated by the hydrolysis of proteins can also serve as fuel. First, the nitrogen is removed, a process called deamination. The remaining fragments then enter the respiratory pathway at several points. • For example: the amino acids Gly, Ser, Ala, and Cys are converted into pyru ...
... • The amino acids liberated by the hydrolysis of proteins can also serve as fuel. First, the nitrogen is removed, a process called deamination. The remaining fragments then enter the respiratory pathway at several points. • For example: the amino acids Gly, Ser, Ala, and Cys are converted into pyru ...
unit 1: introduction to biology
... A) FAD is reduced to FADH2 B) there is no release of CO2 C) glucose is converted into two three-carbon compounds (= GAP & DAP) D) there is a net gain of two ATPs per glucose molecule E) oxygen is not required Q. 8: The bridging chemical reaction which links glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is A) the c ...
... A) FAD is reduced to FADH2 B) there is no release of CO2 C) glucose is converted into two three-carbon compounds (= GAP & DAP) D) there is a net gain of two ATPs per glucose molecule E) oxygen is not required Q. 8: The bridging chemical reaction which links glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is A) the c ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... 11. At the end of Glycolysis, the original glucose molecule has been broken down into _____________________ molecules. a) 2 glyceraldehyde – 3 - phosphate b) 3 pyruvate c) 2 phosphoenol pyruvate d) 2 pyruvate 12. The transformation of fumarate into malate requires the use of one enzyme: a) Dehydroge ...
... 11. At the end of Glycolysis, the original glucose molecule has been broken down into _____________________ molecules. a) 2 glyceraldehyde – 3 - phosphate b) 3 pyruvate c) 2 phosphoenol pyruvate d) 2 pyruvate 12. The transformation of fumarate into malate requires the use of one enzyme: a) Dehydroge ...
1st exam
... 1) Normally about 80% of the carbohydrate in the diet is digested and absorbed. 2)About 90 % of the digestion and absorption of food takes place in the small intestine. 3)Glucose & fructose are absorbed by secondary active transport 4) Glycolysis is the major pathway for utilizing of glucose and is ...
... 1) Normally about 80% of the carbohydrate in the diet is digested and absorbed. 2)About 90 % of the digestion and absorption of food takes place in the small intestine. 3)Glucose & fructose are absorbed by secondary active transport 4) Glycolysis is the major pathway for utilizing of glucose and is ...
Biochemistry Quiz Review 1II 1. Enzymes are very potent catalysts
... 24. In glycolysis there are two reactions that require one ATP each and two reactions that produce one ATP each. What are these four reactions? This being the case, how can fermentation of glucose to lactate lead to the net production of two ATP molecules per glucose? ...
... 24. In glycolysis there are two reactions that require one ATP each and two reactions that produce one ATP each. What are these four reactions? This being the case, how can fermentation of glucose to lactate lead to the net production of two ATP molecules per glucose? ...
Gluconeogenesis Precursors for Gluconeogenesis
... • PEP carboxykinase – ATP cost to restore PEP – CO2 loss drives rxn ...
... • PEP carboxykinase – ATP cost to restore PEP – CO2 loss drives rxn ...
8.1 Glycolysis Know the overall reaction: the materials that go in
... Understand why certain molecules would encourage or inhibit glycolysis. 8.2 Gluconeogenesis Understand that most of gluconeogenesis is glycolysis run backwards, and that at three points, other enzymes are used. Understand how the alternate reactions are made energetically favorable (don’t worry abou ...
... Understand why certain molecules would encourage or inhibit glycolysis. 8.2 Gluconeogenesis Understand that most of gluconeogenesis is glycolysis run backwards, and that at three points, other enzymes are used. Understand how the alternate reactions are made energetically favorable (don’t worry abou ...
Biochem 2 Recitation #2 Spr 20152102105.pptx
... Biochem 2 Recitation #2 Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis ...
... Biochem 2 Recitation #2 Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis ...
Slide 1
... Liver cells have a responsibility to support blood glucose levels by first releasing glucose from their internal glycogen stores, and if necessary synthesizing glucose from amino acids. They will shut down glycolysis and rely on other energy sources for their own needs under these conditions. Liver ...
... Liver cells have a responsibility to support blood glucose levels by first releasing glucose from their internal glycogen stores, and if necessary synthesizing glucose from amino acids. They will shut down glycolysis and rely on other energy sources for their own needs under these conditions. Liver ...
Key Terms:
... How are all the parts of aerobic respiration connected together? What is the key problem that must be solved for a cell to survive anaerobically? How is respiration commonly regulated? Why might a cell want to slow down respiration? Lecture Outline: Anaerobic Metabolism recall that in glycolys ...
... How are all the parts of aerobic respiration connected together? What is the key problem that must be solved for a cell to survive anaerobically? How is respiration commonly regulated? Why might a cell want to slow down respiration? Lecture Outline: Anaerobic Metabolism recall that in glycolys ...
cellular respiration
... smaller simple organisms, but does not provide enough energy for multicellular organisms. ...
... smaller simple organisms, but does not provide enough energy for multicellular organisms. ...
Nov_16
... o Ability to receive protons and electrons (the double bond O indicates this!) o Purpose of side chain is to anchor it.. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle step by step? Do we need to know all the enzyme? o The more you understand, the better it is o Break down and understand what each step does and then bu ...
... o Ability to receive protons and electrons (the double bond O indicates this!) o Purpose of side chain is to anchor it.. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle step by step? Do we need to know all the enzyme? o The more you understand, the better it is o Break down and understand what each step does and then bu ...
Unit 2: Metabolic Processes Metabolism and Energy
... - Point of entry depends on amino acid - Eg: leucine acetyl-CoA ...
... - Point of entry depends on amino acid - Eg: leucine acetyl-CoA ...
The ATP-PCr energy system can operate with or without oxygen but
... Glycolysis means the breakdown (lysis) of glucose and consists of a series of reactions catalysed by enzymes. The carbohydrates we eat supply the body with glucose, which can be stored as glycogen in the muscles or liver for later use. Glycolysis is the predominant energy system used for all-out exe ...
... Glycolysis means the breakdown (lysis) of glucose and consists of a series of reactions catalysed by enzymes. The carbohydrates we eat supply the body with glucose, which can be stored as glycogen in the muscles or liver for later use. Glycolysis is the predominant energy system used for all-out exe ...
Anaerobic and Aerobic Glycolysis
... of glycolysis is routed to produce lactate. It occurs at times when energy is required in the absence of oxygen. It is vital for tissues with high energy requirements, insufficient oxygen supply or absence of oxidative enzymes. Glycolysis produces reduced forms of NAD in the energy generation phase. ...
... of glycolysis is routed to produce lactate. It occurs at times when energy is required in the absence of oxygen. It is vital for tissues with high energy requirements, insufficient oxygen supply or absence of oxidative enzymes. Glycolysis produces reduced forms of NAD in the energy generation phase. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑