BIGA 0 - SFSU Chemistry
... In cells, glycolysis can still continue in the absence of oxygen. In humans, this is possible because under anaerobic conditions an additional reaction, catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), is used to oxidize NADH in the cytosol. The reaction is shown below: ...
... In cells, glycolysis can still continue in the absence of oxygen. In humans, this is possible because under anaerobic conditions an additional reaction, catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), is used to oxidize NADH in the cytosol. The reaction is shown below: ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... When the first step occurs and 2 acetaldehyde is formed, 2 CO₂ is released Then acetaldehyde accepts hydrogen and electrons from the 2 NADH formed through Glycolysis With the combining of e-, H+, and 2 acetaldehyde, 2 NAD+ is regenerated and 2ethanol is created ...
... When the first step occurs and 2 acetaldehyde is formed, 2 CO₂ is released Then acetaldehyde accepts hydrogen and electrons from the 2 NADH formed through Glycolysis With the combining of e-, H+, and 2 acetaldehyde, 2 NAD+ is regenerated and 2ethanol is created ...
If you did a 10 minute wall sit, what would your muscles start to feel
... If you did a 10 minute wall sit, what would your muscles start to feel like? Why do they begin to feel like that? ...
... If you did a 10 minute wall sit, what would your muscles start to feel like? Why do they begin to feel like that? ...
Glucose-6-P to Fructose-6-P
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
Electron Transport
... automatically, while others must obtain it from other organisms (heterotrophs). Chemoautotrophs – use inorganic substances such as hydrogen sulfide as a source of energy. ...
... automatically, while others must obtain it from other organisms (heterotrophs). Chemoautotrophs – use inorganic substances such as hydrogen sulfide as a source of energy. ...
Glucose-6-P to Fructose-6-P
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
... One of best characterized pathways Characterized in the first half of 20th century Glucose --> 2 pyruvates + energy Strategy add phosphoryl groups to glucose convert phosphorylated intermediates into compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potentials couple the subsequent hydrolysis of reactive ...
Chapter 7 Review Name: Date: Question Answer Process that
... Name:________________________________________________ 19. Electrons moving through the electron transport chain lose ...
... Name:________________________________________________ 19. Electrons moving through the electron transport chain lose ...
Cellular Respiration - Home - Mrs. Guida's AP Biology Class
... • Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs • Cellular Respiration- the oxidation of organic compounds to extract energy from chemical bonds ...
... • Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs • Cellular Respiration- the oxidation of organic compounds to extract energy from chemical bonds ...
Fermentation/ Citric Acid Cycle
... - 1 molecule of ACETYLE CoA is broken down by each turn of the cycle - Therefore, 1 glucose molecule causes 2 cycles There for, one molecule of glucose yields (produces) 6 molecules of NADH 2 Molecules of FADH2 2 Molecules of ATP 4 molecules of CO2 These molecules will be utilized will be ut ...
... - 1 molecule of ACETYLE CoA is broken down by each turn of the cycle - Therefore, 1 glucose molecule causes 2 cycles There for, one molecule of glucose yields (produces) 6 molecules of NADH 2 Molecules of FADH2 2 Molecules of ATP 4 molecules of CO2 These molecules will be utilized will be ut ...
Discussion Questions for Week 5: HWA Pages 167-177
... without O2. Why, then, is O2 necessary for aerobic catabolism? 4. For each electron pair that originally comes from NADH and passes completely through the electron transport system, how many ATPs are produced? 5. The production of lactic acid in anaerobic conditions can be both a benefit and a disad ...
... without O2. Why, then, is O2 necessary for aerobic catabolism? 4. For each electron pair that originally comes from NADH and passes completely through the electron transport system, how many ATPs are produced? 5. The production of lactic acid in anaerobic conditions can be both a benefit and a disad ...
Anaerobic Fermentation
... Evolution of Catabolic pathways Anaerobic Fermentation – evolved in primitive ...
... Evolution of Catabolic pathways Anaerobic Fermentation – evolved in primitive ...
Week 4:
... Fermentation: when oxygen is taken away, yields only the energy associated with glycolysis (2ATP) and yields one of several products that are generally harmful to living organisms at high concentrations: e.g. ethanol, lactic acid. Tuesday 4/26: We mentioned the terms oxidation, reduction, and “redox ...
... Fermentation: when oxygen is taken away, yields only the energy associated with glycolysis (2ATP) and yields one of several products that are generally harmful to living organisms at high concentrations: e.g. ethanol, lactic acid. Tuesday 4/26: We mentioned the terms oxidation, reduction, and “redox ...
Cell Metabolism Review
... - is the breakdown of glucose (a 6 carbon monosaccharide) to 2 molecules of pyruvate (a 3 carbon compound) - uses 2 ATP’s to activate the intermediates, then releases 4 ATP’s for a net yield of 2 ATP’s - in general, under anaerobic conditions glucose is only partially broken down; a few additional r ...
... - is the breakdown of glucose (a 6 carbon monosaccharide) to 2 molecules of pyruvate (a 3 carbon compound) - uses 2 ATP’s to activate the intermediates, then releases 4 ATP’s for a net yield of 2 ATP’s - in general, under anaerobic conditions glucose is only partially broken down; a few additional r ...
AP Biology Summer Session Lecture 6
... actually makes ATP from ADP and Pi. ATP uses the energy of an existing proton gradient to power ATP synthesis. This proton gradient develops between the intermembrane space and the matrix. ...
... actually makes ATP from ADP and Pi. ATP uses the energy of an existing proton gradient to power ATP synthesis. This proton gradient develops between the intermembrane space and the matrix. ...
glycogen disappears
... Glycolysis & the Oxidation of Pyruvate Glycolysis, the major pathway for glucose metabolism, occurs in the cytosol of all cells. ...
... Glycolysis & the Oxidation of Pyruvate Glycolysis, the major pathway for glucose metabolism, occurs in the cytosol of all cells. ...
Lecture 2 Glycolysis
... • Recall that the hydrolysis of 1,3BPG has a higher phosphoryl transfer potential • Transfer phosphoester energy in 1,3‐BPG to ADP, forming ATP ...
... • Recall that the hydrolysis of 1,3BPG has a higher phosphoryl transfer potential • Transfer phosphoester energy in 1,3‐BPG to ADP, forming ATP ...
Fermentation Quiz
... 10. What is the net gain in ATP molecules produced during the reactions of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions? a) 0 b) 2 c) 4 d) 6 ...
... 10. What is the net gain in ATP molecules produced during the reactions of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions? a) 0 b) 2 c) 4 d) 6 ...
Gluconeogenesis
... converted to glucose and sucrose and exported to other tissues for starch storage. • In some plant seeds, stored fats are converted to glucose and sucrose upon germination and used to make cell wall cellulose. Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose. ...
... converted to glucose and sucrose and exported to other tissues for starch storage. • In some plant seeds, stored fats are converted to glucose and sucrose upon germination and used to make cell wall cellulose. Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose. ...
Biology 155 - Quiz 6 1. In theory, how many molecules of ATP can
... 1. In theory, how many molecules of ATP can be produced from one molecule of acetylCoA if its carbons are completely metabolized in respiration? a. 7.5 b. 8 c. 9 d. 9.5 e. 15 f. 10 (none of the choices a to e were correct.) 2. In eukaryotic cells, the Krebs Cycle occurs in a. the mitochondrial matri ...
... 1. In theory, how many molecules of ATP can be produced from one molecule of acetylCoA if its carbons are completely metabolized in respiration? a. 7.5 b. 8 c. 9 d. 9.5 e. 15 f. 10 (none of the choices a to e were correct.) 2. In eukaryotic cells, the Krebs Cycle occurs in a. the mitochondrial matri ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑