Slide 1
... other mitochondrial uncoupling proteins) which are activated by calcium coming in through the calcium uniporter. Also note that electron carriers can autooxidize directly to oxygen, creating oxygen radicals (Co-Q is the major site of autooxidation) with as much as 5% of resting oxygen use due to thi ...
... other mitochondrial uncoupling proteins) which are activated by calcium coming in through the calcium uniporter. Also note that electron carriers can autooxidize directly to oxygen, creating oxygen radicals (Co-Q is the major site of autooxidation) with as much as 5% of resting oxygen use due to thi ...
document
... acids (yellow), because they can give rise to ketone bodies or fatty acids. Amino acids that are degraded to pyruvate, a-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate are termed glucogenic amino acids. The net synthesis of glucose from these amino acids is feasible, because these citric aci ...
... acids (yellow), because they can give rise to ketone bodies or fatty acids. Amino acids that are degraded to pyruvate, a-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate are termed glucogenic amino acids. The net synthesis of glucose from these amino acids is feasible, because these citric aci ...
chapter outline - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... 1. Breakdown of polymers and other large molecules into their constituent parts 2. Initial degradation of the constituents’ parts 3. Completion of degradation accompanied by the generation of many ATP molecules C. Many of the catabolic pathways can also be used for synthesis (anabolic) reactions and ...
... 1. Breakdown of polymers and other large molecules into their constituent parts 2. Initial degradation of the constituents’ parts 3. Completion of degradation accompanied by the generation of many ATP molecules C. Many of the catabolic pathways can also be used for synthesis (anabolic) reactions and ...
Practice Exam Answers
... 2. Explain why feedback inhibition is important and how it relates to cellular respiration. Provide a specific example. [4] Feedback inhibition ensures that the body does not waste energy. It regulates the rate of reactions. It is very important in controlling aerobic respiration. An example of thi ...
... 2. Explain why feedback inhibition is important and how it relates to cellular respiration. Provide a specific example. [4] Feedback inhibition ensures that the body does not waste energy. It regulates the rate of reactions. It is very important in controlling aerobic respiration. An example of thi ...
Cellular Respiration
... Until this point we have only made 4 ATP – we need at least 22 more They all come from this chain ...
... Until this point we have only made 4 ATP – we need at least 22 more They all come from this chain ...
MTC15 - toddgreen
... Multiple carbohydrates join together to form disaccharides (two simple sugars), oligosaccharides (two to ten simple sugars) and polysaccharides (many sugars) Simple sugars have both linear and ring forms and join together via glycosidic links formed between two –OH groups with the elimination of a w ...
... Multiple carbohydrates join together to form disaccharides (two simple sugars), oligosaccharides (two to ten simple sugars) and polysaccharides (many sugars) Simple sugars have both linear and ring forms and join together via glycosidic links formed between two –OH groups with the elimination of a w ...
Slide 1
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation Electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to O2. Oxygen picks up H+ to form water. ...
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation Electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to O2. Oxygen picks up H+ to form water. ...
Layers of Strip Science
... electrons as current and calculates how much glucose it took to generate that much electricity. The meter displays that number on its screen. ...
... electrons as current and calculates how much glucose it took to generate that much electricity. The meter displays that number on its screen. ...
Slideshow - Roswell Park Cancer Institute
... The uncontrolled growth and division of cancer cells relies not only on the deregulation of cell proliferation, but also on the reprogramming of cellular metabolism, including increased aerobic glycolysis (known as the Warburg effect) ...
... The uncontrolled growth and division of cancer cells relies not only on the deregulation of cell proliferation, but also on the reprogramming of cellular metabolism, including increased aerobic glycolysis (known as the Warburg effect) ...
Slide 1
... organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a seri ...
... organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a seri ...
No Slide Title - Kinver High School
... Light from the sun is converted by plants into stored chemical energy. Humans consume the plants or animals who eat the plants, this is then stored as potential energy (ATP). Muscles use this energy for movement this is Kinetic Energy. ...
... Light from the sun is converted by plants into stored chemical energy. Humans consume the plants or animals who eat the plants, this is then stored as potential energy (ATP). Muscles use this energy for movement this is Kinetic Energy. ...
Pre-Test
... The hydrolysis of ATP is an endergonic process that can supply needed energy for anabolic pathways. The cycling between ATP and ADP + Pi provides an energy coupling between catabolic and anabolic pathways. The energy release on hydrolysis of ATP is the result of breaking a high-energy bond. Much of ...
... The hydrolysis of ATP is an endergonic process that can supply needed energy for anabolic pathways. The cycling between ATP and ADP + Pi provides an energy coupling between catabolic and anabolic pathways. The energy release on hydrolysis of ATP is the result of breaking a high-energy bond. Much of ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... • The proximity of one enzyme to another increases the overall reaction rate and minimizes side reactions. • All the intermediates in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate are tightly bound to the complex and are readily transferred because of the ability of the lipoyllysine arm of E2 to call on ...
... • The proximity of one enzyme to another increases the overall reaction rate and minimizes side reactions. • All the intermediates in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate are tightly bound to the complex and are readily transferred because of the ability of the lipoyllysine arm of E2 to call on ...
BIOC*4520 - University of Guelph
... Explain how disorder of metabolic regulation results in important medical consequences, such as increased glycolysis in tumours, insulin resistance and diabetes in obesity, reactive oxygen species and free radical damage in electron transport disruption, atherosclerosis in high cholesterol states an ...
... Explain how disorder of metabolic regulation results in important medical consequences, such as increased glycolysis in tumours, insulin resistance and diabetes in obesity, reactive oxygen species and free radical damage in electron transport disruption, atherosclerosis in high cholesterol states an ...
Chemolithotrophs
... inorganic electron donor for energy and electrons. • Chemolithotrophs: reduced inorganic electron donor for energy and electrons. • Phototrophs: use light energy and an electron donor molecule (H2O, H2S, organic). • Both may be autotrophs: fix CO2 into organic carbon via the Calvin Cycle. ...
... inorganic electron donor for energy and electrons. • Chemolithotrophs: reduced inorganic electron donor for energy and electrons. • Phototrophs: use light energy and an electron donor molecule (H2O, H2S, organic). • Both may be autotrophs: fix CO2 into organic carbon via the Calvin Cycle. ...
Ch 8 Cellular Respiration
... Is the Mitochondrial Genome Still Functional? Evidence of Endosymbiosis: Mitochondrial genomes are very small and show a great deal of variation as a result of divergent evolution. Mitochondrial genes that have been conserved across evolution include rRNA genes, tRNA genes, and a small number of ge ...
... Is the Mitochondrial Genome Still Functional? Evidence of Endosymbiosis: Mitochondrial genomes are very small and show a great deal of variation as a result of divergent evolution. Mitochondrial genes that have been conserved across evolution include rRNA genes, tRNA genes, and a small number of ge ...
PhotosynthesisCalvin Cycle
... remake 3 molecules of Ru-BP. 3 ATP are needed to make this happen. 1 G3P is left over. PGAL is a triose. In order to make glucose, the Calvin cycle must be turned twice. ...
... remake 3 molecules of Ru-BP. 3 ATP are needed to make this happen. 1 G3P is left over. PGAL is a triose. In order to make glucose, the Calvin cycle must be turned twice. ...
respiration - Sakshieducation.com
... Among the two trioses only GAP can be directly oxidised in further glycolytic reactions. DHAP cannot be oxidised. Hence DHAP is converted to its isomeric form GAP by the action of triose phosphate isomerase. Oxidation ...
... Among the two trioses only GAP can be directly oxidised in further glycolytic reactions. DHAP cannot be oxidised. Hence DHAP is converted to its isomeric form GAP by the action of triose phosphate isomerase. Oxidation ...
File - Wk 1-2
... opposite direction to increase blood glucose concentration to normal. Insulin:glucagon ratio is low and when <0.5 (due to ↑glucagon and ↓insulin) ↑ glycogenolysis ↑ aa metabolism ↑ gluconeogenesis ↑ lipolysis Under most normal conditions, the insulin feedback mechanism is much more importa ...
... opposite direction to increase blood glucose concentration to normal. Insulin:glucagon ratio is low and when <0.5 (due to ↑glucagon and ↓insulin) ↑ glycogenolysis ↑ aa metabolism ↑ gluconeogenesis ↑ lipolysis Under most normal conditions, the insulin feedback mechanism is much more importa ...
Energy 1
... What happens when not enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles? Hydrogens from glycolysis? Pyruvate to Lactate ...
... What happens when not enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles? Hydrogens from glycolysis? Pyruvate to Lactate ...
Energy Production - University of Massachusetts Amherst
... breakdown of protein – mostly from lean muscle) provides energy for biologic work. • VISA: using protein as energy supplements the ATP/PCr, glycogen and fatty acids that provide the majoroty of the ATP. ...
... breakdown of protein – mostly from lean muscle) provides energy for biologic work. • VISA: using protein as energy supplements the ATP/PCr, glycogen and fatty acids that provide the majoroty of the ATP. ...
Production of lactic acid
... contain these two cultures These bacteria produce lactic acid in the milk culture, decreasing its pH and causing it to congeal. The bacteria also produce compounds that give yogurt its distinctive flavor. An additional effect of the lowered pH is the incompatibility of the acidic environment with ma ...
... contain these two cultures These bacteria produce lactic acid in the milk culture, decreasing its pH and causing it to congeal. The bacteria also produce compounds that give yogurt its distinctive flavor. An additional effect of the lowered pH is the incompatibility of the acidic environment with ma ...
Introduction to Science
... D. chemoautotrophs E. parasites 18. What important role do fungi play in many ecosystems? A. They decompose organic material. B. They pollinate plants. C. They disperse the fruits of angiosperms. D. They perform photosynthesis. E. They produce fossil fuels. 19. What compound directly provides energy ...
... D. chemoautotrophs E. parasites 18. What important role do fungi play in many ecosystems? A. They decompose organic material. B. They pollinate plants. C. They disperse the fruits of angiosperms. D. They perform photosynthesis. E. They produce fossil fuels. 19. What compound directly provides energy ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑