L22 HH Cellular Respiration & ATP
... • Understand the link of ATP between catabolic and anabolic reactions • Explain the process of phosphrylation • Potential for LO3 ...
... • Understand the link of ATP between catabolic and anabolic reactions • Explain the process of phosphrylation • Potential for LO3 ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis Chapter 28, Stryer Short Course
... problem: no LDL receptors in non-liver cells • HDLs are “good cholesterol” ...
... problem: no LDL receptors in non-liver cells • HDLs are “good cholesterol” ...
Chapter 18
... • Catabolic reactions generate ATP. • Photosynthesis stores some light energy ATP. • ATP coupling helps make some anabolic reactions spontaneous. • The relative concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP regulate many enzymes where these nucleotides serve as allosteric effectors. ...
... • Catabolic reactions generate ATP. • Photosynthesis stores some light energy ATP. • ATP coupling helps make some anabolic reactions spontaneous. • The relative concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP regulate many enzymes where these nucleotides serve as allosteric effectors. ...
physiology – metabolism
... Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the cytoplasm Rate of oxidative phosphorylation is only limited by the availability of oxygen. All of the above None of the above ...
... Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the cytoplasm Rate of oxidative phosphorylation is only limited by the availability of oxygen. All of the above None of the above ...
Document
... depending on growth conditions Amount of protons pumped out depends on growth conditions ...
... depending on growth conditions Amount of protons pumped out depends on growth conditions ...
Macromolecules and Enzymes
... Effect of temperature and pH • The temperature and pH must be in check for an enzyme to be used • Sometimes that can be too high • Sometimes that can be too low • When the circumstances are too high or too low, nothing happens • When the circumstances are just right, enzymes go to work and the subs ...
... Effect of temperature and pH • The temperature and pH must be in check for an enzyme to be used • Sometimes that can be too high • Sometimes that can be too low • When the circumstances are too high or too low, nothing happens • When the circumstances are just right, enzymes go to work and the subs ...
10 Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Chemical bond energy can be released to drive metabolic reactions by cellular respiration. ...
... Chemical bond energy can be released to drive metabolic reactions by cellular respiration. ...
2 Biochemistry
... Radioisotopes: larger, unstable, atomic decay called radioactivity Radioisotopes used in medicine, PET scans to see physiology ...
... Radioisotopes: larger, unstable, atomic decay called radioactivity Radioisotopes used in medicine, PET scans to see physiology ...
Energy - Doctor Jade Main
... Photosynthesis is a redox process. The equation is: 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 +6H2O in the presence of light. In a redox reaction there must be both an oxidation and a reduction. In photosynthetic reactions water is oxidized, that is it loses electrons and hydrogen ions while carbon dioxide is re ...
... Photosynthesis is a redox process. The equation is: 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 +6H2O in the presence of light. In a redox reaction there must be both an oxidation and a reduction. In photosynthetic reactions water is oxidized, that is it loses electrons and hydrogen ions while carbon dioxide is re ...
Instructor`s Answer Key
... 3. Potato starch and liver glycogen are polysaccharides of glucose, a monosaccharide. The potato plant produces glucose monomers during photosynthesis reactions. Using dehydration synthesis reactions the potato polymerizes glucose monomers into its stored form as starch. When the potato is eaten and ...
... 3. Potato starch and liver glycogen are polysaccharides of glucose, a monosaccharide. The potato plant produces glucose monomers during photosynthesis reactions. Using dehydration synthesis reactions the potato polymerizes glucose monomers into its stored form as starch. When the potato is eaten and ...
Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
... liver. This form produces GTP. GTP is energetically equivalent to ATP; however, its use is more restricted. In particular, protein synthesis primarily uses GTP. Step 6. Step six is a dehydration process that converts succinate into fumarate. Two hydrogen atoms are transferred to FAD, producing FADH2 ...
... liver. This form produces GTP. GTP is energetically equivalent to ATP; however, its use is more restricted. In particular, protein synthesis primarily uses GTP. Step 6. Step six is a dehydration process that converts succinate into fumarate. Two hydrogen atoms are transferred to FAD, producing FADH2 ...
biochemistry-micromolecules
... Organic • Contains carbon • Living (or dead) • Examples: wood, grass, diamonds, petroleum ...
... Organic • Contains carbon • Living (or dead) • Examples: wood, grass, diamonds, petroleum ...
Metabolic Processes
... directly, though they are part of aerobic metabolism of glycose. Instead, the final enzyme gives up a pair of electrons with two hydrogen atoms ions and an atom of oxygen to form a water molecule. Metabolic processes are interconnected and allows a molecule to pass one pathway or another one. Ex ...
... directly, though they are part of aerobic metabolism of glycose. Instead, the final enzyme gives up a pair of electrons with two hydrogen atoms ions and an atom of oxygen to form a water molecule. Metabolic processes are interconnected and allows a molecule to pass one pathway or another one. Ex ...
Cell Organisation
... • Filled with acid hydrolases, cannot function at normal cellular pH, will not destroy other cell components • Lysosomal storage diseases result from absence of enzyme, accumulation/engorgement of lysosomes ...
... • Filled with acid hydrolases, cannot function at normal cellular pH, will not destroy other cell components • Lysosomal storage diseases result from absence of enzyme, accumulation/engorgement of lysosomes ...
Shunt Pathway Significance of pentose phosphate pathway
... ● In the oxidative irreversible reactions , one carbon of glucose-6-p is released as CO2 , two NADPH are generated and the remaining carbons form ribulose-5-P ( a pentose phosphate , 5 C ) . The enzyme glucose-6-P dehydrogenase( GPD ) is the rate-limiting enzyme . ...
... ● In the oxidative irreversible reactions , one carbon of glucose-6-p is released as CO2 , two NADPH are generated and the remaining carbons form ribulose-5-P ( a pentose phosphate , 5 C ) . The enzyme glucose-6-P dehydrogenase( GPD ) is the rate-limiting enzyme . ...
File
... d) hydrolysis __ 3. A dehydration reaction typically produces: a) monomers b) salts c) sugars d) polymers e) amino acids __ 4. A macromolecule is composed of smaller units called: a) polymers b) cells c) isomers d) monomers e) isotopes __ 5. Which of the following is not a macromolecule? a) protein ...
... d) hydrolysis __ 3. A dehydration reaction typically produces: a) monomers b) salts c) sugars d) polymers e) amino acids __ 4. A macromolecule is composed of smaller units called: a) polymers b) cells c) isomers d) monomers e) isotopes __ 5. Which of the following is not a macromolecule? a) protein ...
Further Details of Mechanism
... • One of four oxidation-reduction reactions of the cycle • Hydride ion from the C-2 of isocitrate is transferred to NAD+ to form NADH • Oxalosuccinate is decarboxylated to -kg ...
... • One of four oxidation-reduction reactions of the cycle • Hydride ion from the C-2 of isocitrate is transferred to NAD+ to form NADH • Oxalosuccinate is decarboxylated to -kg ...
SADDLEBACK COLLEGE BIOLOGY 20 EXAMINATION 2 STUDY
... • What is metabolism? Catabolism? Anabolism? • ATP - how it works • What are enzymes and how they work? Chapter 5 • what is an active site - what types of molecules bind there • know the factors that influence enzymatic activity including feedback regulation • Cellular respiration (Chapter 6): under ...
... • What is metabolism? Catabolism? Anabolism? • ATP - how it works • What are enzymes and how they work? Chapter 5 • what is an active site - what types of molecules bind there • know the factors that influence enzymatic activity including feedback regulation • Cellular respiration (Chapter 6): under ...
Homeostasis in Organisms
... After the vaccine is given the immune system “remembers” the pathogen It as if the WBCs have actually attacked a live pathogen and antibodies are created If the person actually contracts the pathogen in live form, the immune response is quick and will hopefully will not even have time to develop bef ...
... After the vaccine is given the immune system “remembers” the pathogen It as if the WBCs have actually attacked a live pathogen and antibodies are created If the person actually contracts the pathogen in live form, the immune response is quick and will hopefully will not even have time to develop bef ...
Medical Biochemistry at a Glance. 3rd Edition. At a Glance Brochure
... 12 Biosynthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation I 32 13 Biosynthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation II 34 14 What happens when protons or electrons leak from the respiratory chain? 36 15 Free radicals, reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage 38 16 Aerobic oxidation of glucose to provid ...
... 12 Biosynthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation I 32 13 Biosynthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation II 34 14 What happens when protons or electrons leak from the respiratory chain? 36 15 Free radicals, reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage 38 16 Aerobic oxidation of glucose to provid ...
Document
... of stage 2 products occurs in mitochondria of tissue cells. CO2 is liberated, and H atoms removed are ultimately delivered to molecular oxygen, forming water. Some energy released is used to form ATP. Catabolic reactions Anabolic reactions © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... of stage 2 products occurs in mitochondria of tissue cells. CO2 is liberated, and H atoms removed are ultimately delivered to molecular oxygen, forming water. Some energy released is used to form ATP. Catabolic reactions Anabolic reactions © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
B. Basic Concepts of Metabolism
... fashion in which the atoms of the raw materials are rearranged, often one at a time, until the formation of the final product takes place. Each step requires its own enzyme. The sequence of enzymatically-catalyzed steps from a starting raw material to final end products is called an enzymatic pathwa ...
... fashion in which the atoms of the raw materials are rearranged, often one at a time, until the formation of the final product takes place. Each step requires its own enzyme. The sequence of enzymatically-catalyzed steps from a starting raw material to final end products is called an enzymatic pathwa ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑