Slide 1
... 1. Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats are broken down during digestion and absorption into smaller units: AA’s monosaccharides and fatty acids. 2. These smaller compounds are further broken down into 2-carbon compounds. 3. Compounds are degraded into CO2 and H20. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz ...
... 1. Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats are broken down during digestion and absorption into smaller units: AA’s monosaccharides and fatty acids. 2. These smaller compounds are further broken down into 2-carbon compounds. 3. Compounds are degraded into CO2 and H20. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz ...
Hemoglobin binding curve: causes of shift to right
... "Competition is hard because we have to travel more kilometers (Km) with the same velocity": With competitive inhibitors, velocity remains same but Km increases ...
... "Competition is hard because we have to travel more kilometers (Km) with the same velocity": With competitive inhibitors, velocity remains same but Km increases ...
Document
... These must be reoxidized so that they can be recycled In addition, energy production is ...
... These must be reoxidized so that they can be recycled In addition, energy production is ...
PP - Columbia University
... same standard reaction conditions that we all agree to, independent of concentrations. So it allows a comparison of the stabilities of the bonds in the reactants vs. the products. It is useful. ...
... same standard reaction conditions that we all agree to, independent of concentrations. So it allows a comparison of the stabilities of the bonds in the reactants vs. the products. It is useful. ...
7-JF-S`15
... k2 (called kcat) is a measure of the number of substrate molecules converted to product per second per enzyme molecule ...
... k2 (called kcat) is a measure of the number of substrate molecules converted to product per second per enzyme molecule ...
Physiology is an Integrated Science
... enzyme properties name = _________ase increase the rate of reaction specific for one reaction – due to their specific shape 3D active site a cell’s functions are based on its “active” enzymes enzymes require optimum temperature enzymes require optimum pH ...
... enzyme properties name = _________ase increase the rate of reaction specific for one reaction – due to their specific shape 3D active site a cell’s functions are based on its “active” enzymes enzymes require optimum temperature enzymes require optimum pH ...
Metabolism and Bioenergetics Fuel and Digestion
... • There is a relationship between equilibrium constant and free energy of the reaction • If we start with 1M reactants and products, the free energy change of that reaction is called the “standard” free energy • Go’ is a reflection of the chemical potential (stability of bonds) – Negative Go ...
... • There is a relationship between equilibrium constant and free energy of the reaction • If we start with 1M reactants and products, the free energy change of that reaction is called the “standard” free energy • Go’ is a reflection of the chemical potential (stability of bonds) – Negative Go ...
Student Study Guide
... Cells recycle the ATP they use for work. ATP transfers phosphate groups to various substrates, priming them to do work. To keep working, a cell must regenerate ATP. Starting with glucose or another organic fuel, and using O 2, cellular respiration yields H2O, CO2, and energy in the form of ATP and h ...
... Cells recycle the ATP they use for work. ATP transfers phosphate groups to various substrates, priming them to do work. To keep working, a cell must regenerate ATP. Starting with glucose or another organic fuel, and using O 2, cellular respiration yields H2O, CO2, and energy in the form of ATP and h ...
Review Problems #2 (Enzyme Review, Phosphatases
... We will definitely not get through all of these, but it is useful to have them in one place. 1) Outline the chemical intermediates in the degradation of the following amino acids: Asn, Asp. What cofactor(s) play a role in this process? What other end product may be formed from Asp. What cycle does t ...
... We will definitely not get through all of these, but it is useful to have them in one place. 1) Outline the chemical intermediates in the degradation of the following amino acids: Asn, Asp. What cofactor(s) play a role in this process? What other end product may be formed from Asp. What cycle does t ...
... Learning targets written in italics pertain to Honors Biology students. #1. How do cells use metabolic pathways to provide energy? ATP, Enzymes and Buffers A. I can list the basic components of an ATP molecule and draw them properly connected. I can demonstrate how an ATP molecule (serves as an ener ...
... Learning targets written in italics pertain to Honors Biology students. #1. How do cells use metabolic pathways to provide energy? ATP, Enzymes and Buffers A. I can list the basic components of an ATP molecule and draw them properly connected. I can demonstrate how an ATP molecule (serves as an ener ...
Classical Biotechnology File
... • In conjunction with aseptic technique and steam sterilization, can be used to produce huge variety of products. • Different products achieved by manipulating 1) species of microorganism 2) substrate fed to microbes ...
... • In conjunction with aseptic technique and steam sterilization, can be used to produce huge variety of products. • Different products achieved by manipulating 1) species of microorganism 2) substrate fed to microbes ...
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Entry of Pyruvate into
... The enzyme is a complex similar to PDH and the coenzymes TPP, lipoamide and FAD are required. CO2 is removed, NADH is formed from NAD+ and a thioester bond is formed with CoASH to form succinylCoA. 5. Hydrolysis of the thioester of Succinyl CoA releases ~31 kJ/mol which is captured for the synthesis ...
... The enzyme is a complex similar to PDH and the coenzymes TPP, lipoamide and FAD are required. CO2 is removed, NADH is formed from NAD+ and a thioester bond is formed with CoASH to form succinylCoA. 5. Hydrolysis of the thioester of Succinyl CoA releases ~31 kJ/mol which is captured for the synthesis ...
Chemistry, Photosynthesis, Respiration Review
... • allow the H+ to flow down concentration gradient through ATP synthase • ADP + Pi ATP ...
... • allow the H+ to flow down concentration gradient through ATP synthase • ADP + Pi ATP ...
Compounds of Life Chart
... Disaccharides – 2 monosaccharides bonded together o Maltose, lactose (found in milk) and sucrose (table sugar) Polysaccharides – made of two or more monosaccharides o Starch (how plants store glucose) o Cellulose (dietary fiber in animals, component of cell walls in plants) o Glycogen (how anima ...
... Disaccharides – 2 monosaccharides bonded together o Maltose, lactose (found in milk) and sucrose (table sugar) Polysaccharides – made of two or more monosaccharides o Starch (how plants store glucose) o Cellulose (dietary fiber in animals, component of cell walls in plants) o Glycogen (how anima ...
File
... 2. The universality of ATP as an energy source for every type of cell in every living organism supports an argument that all species have evolved from one original organism. 3. (a) ATP can be described as a phosphorylated sugar. It has a triphosphate group attached to a ribose sugar molecule, which ...
... 2. The universality of ATP as an energy source for every type of cell in every living organism supports an argument that all species have evolved from one original organism. 3. (a) ATP can be described as a phosphorylated sugar. It has a triphosphate group attached to a ribose sugar molecule, which ...
Structural Biochemistry/Metabolism
... for the growth and reproduction of organisms, maintaining their structures, and responding to changes in the environment. The involvement of enzymes is essential for metabolism because they couple the organisms, which are thermodynamically unfavorable, to other organisms which are thermodynamically ...
... for the growth and reproduction of organisms, maintaining their structures, and responding to changes in the environment. The involvement of enzymes is essential for metabolism because they couple the organisms, which are thermodynamically unfavorable, to other organisms which are thermodynamically ...
Macromolecules in Organisms
... oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. The four main classes of organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) that are essential to the proper functioning of all living things are known as polymers or macromolecules. All of these compounds are ...
... oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. The four main classes of organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) that are essential to the proper functioning of all living things are known as polymers or macromolecules. All of these compounds are ...
Reading Guide for Week 4
... 9. From section 6.3, know that these pathways generate: ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, reducing power, and precursor metabolites. Compare the relative amounts of each made by each pathway. 10. From section 6.4, know the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosp ...
... 9. From section 6.3, know that these pathways generate: ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, reducing power, and precursor metabolites. Compare the relative amounts of each made by each pathway. 10. From section 6.4, know the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosp ...
acetyl CoA + HCO3
... How do lipids move from place to place in the cell? Where is cholesterol made? What are lipoproteins? How is lipid metabolism regulated? How does imbalance in lipid metabolism contribute to atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes? ...
... How do lipids move from place to place in the cell? Where is cholesterol made? What are lipoproteins? How is lipid metabolism regulated? How does imbalance in lipid metabolism contribute to atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes? ...
Physiological role of insulin
... • Inhibition of ketone formation from free fatty acid metabolism by liver – Glucose sparing effects (use of fatty acids as energy source) ...
... • Inhibition of ketone formation from free fatty acid metabolism by liver – Glucose sparing effects (use of fatty acids as energy source) ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑