Macromolecule PowerPoint
... molecule and –OH from another • This creates a water molecule, thus the reaction is called dehydration • When we break these bonds (metabolize our food), it requires water and is called hydrolysis • Another reason to stay hydrated! ...
... molecule and –OH from another • This creates a water molecule, thus the reaction is called dehydration • When we break these bonds (metabolize our food), it requires water and is called hydrolysis • Another reason to stay hydrated! ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenera ...
... NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenera ...
- PlanbookConnect
... C. Heat energy is converted to food energy D. Light energy is converted to heat energy ...
... C. Heat energy is converted to food energy D. Light energy is converted to heat energy ...
ch 6 notes
... NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenera ...
... NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenera ...
Slide 1
... NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenera ...
... NADH and FADH2 molecules With the help of CoA, the acetyl (two-carbon) compound enters the citric acid cycle – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenera ...
You Light Up My Life
... Electrons from first-stage reactions are delivered to NAD+ in mitochondria ...
... Electrons from first-stage reactions are delivered to NAD+ in mitochondria ...
Biochemistry
... The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids. The bonds between amino acids are called ______________ bonds The secondary structure is either an ______________ or ______________ sheet. This depends on the primary structure ...
... The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids. The bonds between amino acids are called ______________ bonds The secondary structure is either an ______________ or ______________ sheet. This depends on the primary structure ...
Pancreas
... insulin. This enables the cells to absorb glucose, required for respiration, and also causes the liver to convert excess glucose to insoluble glycogen for storage. When blood sugar levels run low the pancreas releases glucagon instead. This causes the liver to breakdown the glycogen back into glucos ...
... insulin. This enables the cells to absorb glucose, required for respiration, and also causes the liver to convert excess glucose to insoluble glycogen for storage. When blood sugar levels run low the pancreas releases glucagon instead. This causes the liver to breakdown the glycogen back into glucos ...
Aerobic respiration
... Precursor metabolites - metabolic intermediates (links) in anabolic and catabolic ...
... Precursor metabolites - metabolic intermediates (links) in anabolic and catabolic ...
Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas and Entner–Doudoroff pathways in
... recently [7]. Further, the energy demand seems to have a strong influence on the selection of the different pathways. Whereas the net ATP gain of the EMP variant is 1 (taking into account that PPi – the phosphoryl donor of the phosphofructokinase – is a waste product of the cell), no ATP is generate ...
... recently [7]. Further, the energy demand seems to have a strong influence on the selection of the different pathways. Whereas the net ATP gain of the EMP variant is 1 (taking into account that PPi – the phosphoryl donor of the phosphofructokinase – is a waste product of the cell), no ATP is generate ...
長榮管理學院九十學年度二年制技術學系招生考試
... 1. Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle? a. All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. b. In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. c. Oxaloacetate is u ...
... 1. Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle? a. All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. b. In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. c. Oxaloacetate is u ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled directly to ATP synthesis. ...
... Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled directly to ATP synthesis. ...
Syllabus Notes - Southwest High School
... 2.1.2 State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms including nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium. 2.1.3 State one role for each of the elements mentioned in 2.1.2. (leave room) N protein, and nucleic acids (DNA), makes stuff POLAR. Ca bones and muscle contract ...
... 2.1.2 State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms including nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium. 2.1.3 State one role for each of the elements mentioned in 2.1.2. (leave room) N protein, and nucleic acids (DNA), makes stuff POLAR. Ca bones and muscle contract ...
File
... • The metabolic changes on the first day of starvation are like those after an overnight fast. The low blood-sugar level leads to decreased secretion of insulin and increased secretion of glucagon. The dominant metabolic processes are the mobilization of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue and gluco ...
... • The metabolic changes on the first day of starvation are like those after an overnight fast. The low blood-sugar level leads to decreased secretion of insulin and increased secretion of glucagon. The dominant metabolic processes are the mobilization of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue and gluco ...
H 2
... ATP is not the synthesis from ADP and phosphate, but the initial binding of the ADP and the phosphate to the enzyme. Skou was the first to show that this enzyme promoted ion transport through membranes, giving an explanation for nerve cell ion transport as well as fundamental properties of all livin ...
... ATP is not the synthesis from ADP and phosphate, but the initial binding of the ADP and the phosphate to the enzyme. Skou was the first to show that this enzyme promoted ion transport through membranes, giving an explanation for nerve cell ion transport as well as fundamental properties of all livin ...
Zoology – The Chemical Basis of Animal Life
... a.Dehydration synthesis – removal of water in the formation of a bond 1) e.g. Amino acids joining to become a polypeptide (protein). 2) e.g. Monosaccharides joining to form a polysaccharide (starch). 2. Bonds between monomers are broken by hydrolysis a.Hydrolysis – occurs when a hydrogen becomes att ...
... a.Dehydration synthesis – removal of water in the formation of a bond 1) e.g. Amino acids joining to become a polypeptide (protein). 2) e.g. Monosaccharides joining to form a polysaccharide (starch). 2. Bonds between monomers are broken by hydrolysis a.Hydrolysis – occurs when a hydrogen becomes att ...
Ch 12
... Standard Free Energy • Every reaction moves spontaneously toward equilibrium—but that could be either direction • There is a relationship between equilibrium constant and free energy of the reaction • If we start with 1M reactants and products, the free energy change of that reaction is calle ...
... Standard Free Energy • Every reaction moves spontaneously toward equilibrium—but that could be either direction • There is a relationship between equilibrium constant and free energy of the reaction • If we start with 1M reactants and products, the free energy change of that reaction is calle ...
Lecture Notes BS1090
... as a switch and a timer that acts to terminate the signal. This enzyme may also be activated by the hormone, resulting in only a very rapid, transient increase in cAMP. An increase in extracellular hormone thus results in a rapid (within a few seconds) increase in the second messenger which remains ...
... as a switch and a timer that acts to terminate the signal. This enzyme may also be activated by the hormone, resulting in only a very rapid, transient increase in cAMP. An increase in extracellular hormone thus results in a rapid (within a few seconds) increase in the second messenger which remains ...
(3-D Molecules (key))
... 3-D Molecules Essential Questions: What are the molecules that make up all living things? ...
... 3-D Molecules Essential Questions: What are the molecules that make up all living things? ...
METABOLISM - UMK C.A.R.N.I.V.O.R.E.S. 3 | C-alm, A
... • Stored in animal body esp in liver and muscles • Stored in form of large particles that contain enzymes to metabolize glycogen • Mobilized as glucose whenever the body tissues require ...
... • Stored in animal body esp in liver and muscles • Stored in form of large particles that contain enzymes to metabolize glycogen • Mobilized as glucose whenever the body tissues require ...
Lipid Biosynthesis - Chemistry Courses: About: Department
... A) Condensation of precursors. B) Rearrangement. C) Reduction. D) Dehydration. 3. Which of the following is the regulated step of fatty acid synthesis in eukaryotes? A) Carboxylation of acetyl CoA. B) Transportation of mitochondrial acetyl CoA into the cytosol. C) Assembly of the fatty acid chain. D ...
... A) Condensation of precursors. B) Rearrangement. C) Reduction. D) Dehydration. 3. Which of the following is the regulated step of fatty acid synthesis in eukaryotes? A) Carboxylation of acetyl CoA. B) Transportation of mitochondrial acetyl CoA into the cytosol. C) Assembly of the fatty acid chain. D ...
Camp 1 - Evangel University
... • Standard free energy change, G°, assumes a molar concentration of 1 M • if [H+] = 1 M, then pH = _____ • but the pH in most cells is near the neutral range ...
... • Standard free energy change, G°, assumes a molar concentration of 1 M • if [H+] = 1 M, then pH = _____ • but the pH in most cells is near the neutral range ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... • Glyoxylate cycle leads from 2-carbon compounds to glucose • In animals, acetyl CoA is not a carbon source for the net formation of glucose (2 carbons of acetyl CoA enter cycle, 2 are released as 2 CO2) ...
... • Glyoxylate cycle leads from 2-carbon compounds to glucose • In animals, acetyl CoA is not a carbon source for the net formation of glucose (2 carbons of acetyl CoA enter cycle, 2 are released as 2 CO2) ...
Slide 1
... 1. Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats are broken down during digestion and absorption into smaller units: AA’s monosaccharides and fatty acids. 2. These smaller compounds are further broken down into 2-carbon compounds. 3. Compounds are degraded into CO2 and H20. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz ...
... 1. Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats are broken down during digestion and absorption into smaller units: AA’s monosaccharides and fatty acids. 2. These smaller compounds are further broken down into 2-carbon compounds. 3. Compounds are degraded into CO2 and H20. Metabolism: FON 241; L. Zienkewicz ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑