Glycogen Synthesis Glycogen
... binds and inactivates PP1 • When [glucose] up, PP1 is released and deactivates phosphorylase • Only when all phosphorylase a has been inactivated is PP1 available to activate glycogen synthase ...
... binds and inactivates PP1 • When [glucose] up, PP1 is released and deactivates phosphorylase • Only when all phosphorylase a has been inactivated is PP1 available to activate glycogen synthase ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... In that case, glycolysis couples with anaerobic respiration or fermentation to produce ATP ...
... In that case, glycolysis couples with anaerobic respiration or fermentation to produce ATP ...
biologically important molecules
... The reverse reaction is a HYDROLYSIS which breaks sucrose into the monomers of glucose and fructose. ...
... The reverse reaction is a HYDROLYSIS which breaks sucrose into the monomers of glucose and fructose. ...
normal myocardial metabolism: fueling cardiac contraction
... activity of GLUT 1 and GLUT 4; the latter is primarily regulated by insulin. The first step of intracellular glucose metabolism is phosphorylation, after which glucose can either enter glycolysis or be stored as glycogen. ...
... activity of GLUT 1 and GLUT 4; the latter is primarily regulated by insulin. The first step of intracellular glucose metabolism is phosphorylation, after which glucose can either enter glycolysis or be stored as glycogen. ...
Slide 1
... ADP back to ATP. The energy released through breaking down glucose is used to do this. This is also a COUPLED and ENDOTHERMIC reaction. Glucose is CHO in the body and when it is stored it is called GLYCOGEN. The decrease in PC stores activates the ENZYME GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE which breaks down the ...
... ADP back to ATP. The energy released through breaking down glucose is used to do this. This is also a COUPLED and ENDOTHERMIC reaction. Glucose is CHO in the body and when it is stored it is called GLYCOGEN. The decrease in PC stores activates the ENZYME GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE which breaks down the ...
Slides - Websupport1
... Most cells generate ATP through the breakdown of carbohydrates • Aerobic metabolism (cellular respiration) • Pyruvic acid will enter mitochondria and generate more ATP via TCA cycle and ETS • Two pyruvates = 34 ATP • The chemical formula for this process is C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ...
... Most cells generate ATP through the breakdown of carbohydrates • Aerobic metabolism (cellular respiration) • Pyruvic acid will enter mitochondria and generate more ATP via TCA cycle and ETS • Two pyruvates = 34 ATP • The chemical formula for this process is C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ...
Q43to47
... Blood ketone body concentration would rise need fatty acids to make ketone bodies Blood glucose concentration would rise if alternate fuels not used, glucose will rapidly fall Blood fatty acid concentration would rise lipolysis releases fatty acids into the blood There would be fewer substrates for ...
... Blood ketone body concentration would rise need fatty acids to make ketone bodies Blood glucose concentration would rise if alternate fuels not used, glucose will rapidly fall Blood fatty acid concentration would rise lipolysis releases fatty acids into the blood There would be fewer substrates for ...
enz resp photo test marker
... The rate of cellular respiration is controlled by the allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase by ATP. Phosphofructokinase is the first enzyme in the respiration pathway. Explain the meaning of allosteric inhibition using this example. ATP inhibits phosphofructokinase at (allosteric) site away f ...
... The rate of cellular respiration is controlled by the allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase by ATP. Phosphofructokinase is the first enzyme in the respiration pathway. Explain the meaning of allosteric inhibition using this example. ATP inhibits phosphofructokinase at (allosteric) site away f ...
Remember: Condensation makes bonds: Hydrolysis breaks bonds.
... 2. List three carbon-containing groups or molecules that are not organic. There are many organic molecules in living things. The same (or very similar) molecules are used in many different living things for the same purpose. 3. Saccharides are sugars and carbohydrates. Sugars (monosaccharides and di ...
... 2. List three carbon-containing groups or molecules that are not organic. There are many organic molecules in living things. The same (or very similar) molecules are used in many different living things for the same purpose. 3. Saccharides are sugars and carbohydrates. Sugars (monosaccharides and di ...
CP Final Exam Study Guide 2015KEY
... 1. What is ATP? What are the components of ATP? Adenosine triphosphate – provides cells with energy (produced in mitochondria); components: adenine and 3 phosphate groups. 2. What is the difference between the energy stored in food and the energy in ATP? The energy stored in food (such as glucose) m ...
... 1. What is ATP? What are the components of ATP? Adenosine triphosphate – provides cells with energy (produced in mitochondria); components: adenine and 3 phosphate groups. 2. What is the difference between the energy stored in food and the energy in ATP? The energy stored in food (such as glucose) m ...
16 Gluconeogenesis
... The long, flexible link between biotin and the enzyme enables the carboxybiotin to rotate from one active site of the enzyme (the ATP-bicarbonate site) to the other (the pyruvate site). The activated carboxyl group is then transferred from carboxybiotin to pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. ...
... The long, flexible link between biotin and the enzyme enables the carboxybiotin to rotate from one active site of the enzyme (the ATP-bicarbonate site) to the other (the pyruvate site). The activated carboxyl group is then transferred from carboxybiotin to pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. ...
syllabus - option b(human biochemistry)
... The aim of this option is to give students an understanding of the chemistry of important molecules foundin the human body, and the need for a balanced and healthy diet. Although the role that these molecules play in the body should be appreciated, the emphasis is placed on their chemistry, and stud ...
... The aim of this option is to give students an understanding of the chemistry of important molecules foundin the human body, and the need for a balanced and healthy diet. Although the role that these molecules play in the body should be appreciated, the emphasis is placed on their chemistry, and stud ...
Lactic acid fermentation
... Lactic acid fermentation is the simplest type of fermentation.[3] In essence, it is a redox reaction. In anaerobic conditions, the cell’s primary mechanism of ATP production is glycolysis. Glycolysis reduces – that is, transfers electrons to – NAD+, forming NADH. However, there is only a limited sup ...
... Lactic acid fermentation is the simplest type of fermentation.[3] In essence, it is a redox reaction. In anaerobic conditions, the cell’s primary mechanism of ATP production is glycolysis. Glycolysis reduces – that is, transfers electrons to – NAD+, forming NADH. However, there is only a limited sup ...
Carnosine: can understanding its actions on energy metabolism and
... Otto Warburg [20]. However, respiratory activity is not necessarily compromised [21,22] and has recently been proposed to be central to cancer progression [23]. Consensus has yet to be reached on the reasons for these complex metabolic switches, but the high energy and macromolecular precursor deman ...
... Otto Warburg [20]. However, respiratory activity is not necessarily compromised [21,22] and has recently been proposed to be central to cancer progression [23]. Consensus has yet to be reached on the reasons for these complex metabolic switches, but the high energy and macromolecular precursor deman ...
26,6 Synthesis of omino ocids
... in the amount of acetyl CoA in the liver. Liver cells respond by using acetyl CoA produced in amino acid metabolism to make ketone bodies. The ketone bodies are transported to other tissues,where they are oxidized for energyproduction. S5mthesis of glycogen ...
... in the amount of acetyl CoA in the liver. Liver cells respond by using acetyl CoA produced in amino acid metabolism to make ketone bodies. The ketone bodies are transported to other tissues,where they are oxidized for energyproduction. S5mthesis of glycogen ...
Electron Transport Chain
... What is Cellular respiration and Anaerobic Fermentation and what are the differences between them. What are the four steps of aerobic cellular respiration, what happens in each step, what are the starting molecules, what comes out of each step, where in the cell does each step occur, how many AT ...
... What is Cellular respiration and Anaerobic Fermentation and what are the differences between them. What are the four steps of aerobic cellular respiration, what happens in each step, what are the starting molecules, what comes out of each step, where in the cell does each step occur, how many AT ...
combne etc citric photo
... the flow of protons across the inner membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space. This process raises the matrix pH. In addition, the matrix becomes negatively charged with respect to the intermembrane ...
... the flow of protons across the inner membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space. This process raises the matrix pH. In addition, the matrix becomes negatively charged with respect to the intermembrane ...
Crustacean Physiology in Ribeirão Preto
... Acetyl CoA brings acetyl units into the citric acid cycle, where they are completely oxidized to CO2. Four pairs of electrons are transferred (three to NAD+ and one to FAD) for each acetyl group that is oxidized. Then, a proton gradient is generated as electrons flow from the reduced forms of these ...
... Acetyl CoA brings acetyl units into the citric acid cycle, where they are completely oxidized to CO2. Four pairs of electrons are transferred (three to NAD+ and one to FAD) for each acetyl group that is oxidized. Then, a proton gradient is generated as electrons flow from the reduced forms of these ...
Fructose 6
... radicals from a cell and name their cofactor. c) why a defect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the red blood cell might lead to loss of membrane integrity. d) relationships between components of antioxidant cascade including the reactions involved ...
... radicals from a cell and name their cofactor. c) why a defect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the red blood cell might lead to loss of membrane integrity. d) relationships between components of antioxidant cascade including the reactions involved ...
PP - Chemistry Courses: About
... • In vivo, P/O ratio closer to 2.5 and 1.5 due to other proton “leaking” – i.e. importing phosphate ...
... • In vivo, P/O ratio closer to 2.5 and 1.5 due to other proton “leaking” – i.e. importing phosphate ...
Glycogen Storage Disease
... - The ultimate fate of glucose depends on body needs ; thus glucose may be: - Oxidized to give energy or - Stored as glycogen (muscles, liver) or - Converted to triglycerides, amino acids and proteins. ...
... - The ultimate fate of glucose depends on body needs ; thus glucose may be: - Oxidized to give energy or - Stored as glycogen (muscles, liver) or - Converted to triglycerides, amino acids and proteins. ...
PEP 535 - Exercise Biochemistry
... cell. Such enzyme control exists because substrate and product concentrations are so low inside a cell that even if reactions were exergonic, no meaningful change in substrates and products would occur. 4) Regulation of enzymes therefore allows regulation of specific reactions and entire metabolic p ...
... cell. Such enzyme control exists because substrate and product concentrations are so low inside a cell that even if reactions were exergonic, no meaningful change in substrates and products would occur. 4) Regulation of enzymes therefore allows regulation of specific reactions and entire metabolic p ...
Plant Pretest
... These enzymes break down the insect. These digestive enzymes could be classified as which biomolecule? A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Lipid D. Nucleic Acids ...
... These enzymes break down the insect. These digestive enzymes could be classified as which biomolecule? A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Lipid D. Nucleic Acids ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑