Cell Structure
... • Glucose broke down into 2 pyruvate molecules • Energy Investment phase: active glucose w/ 2 ATP • Energy Pay Off phase: oxidation the removal of H, production of NADH, ATP • This makes 4 molecules of ATP ...
... • Glucose broke down into 2 pyruvate molecules • Energy Investment phase: active glucose w/ 2 ATP • Energy Pay Off phase: oxidation the removal of H, production of NADH, ATP • This makes 4 molecules of ATP ...
File
... Energy source: eat carbohydrates and get glucose, store as glycogen (a polysaccharide) in the liver until body needs it for energy. Glucose is used by cells for “energy” to run. ...
... Energy source: eat carbohydrates and get glucose, store as glycogen (a polysaccharide) in the liver until body needs it for energy. Glucose is used by cells for “energy” to run. ...
Carbohydrates Structure
... You must have a general idea about the composition of heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin and dermatan sulfates, keratan sulfate and hyaluronic acid. You must relate the structure to the function. New cell signaling functions of glycosaminoglycans are being discovered and the new functions are qui ...
... You must have a general idea about the composition of heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin and dermatan sulfates, keratan sulfate and hyaluronic acid. You must relate the structure to the function. New cell signaling functions of glycosaminoglycans are being discovered and the new functions are qui ...
Reading - Science with Ms. Wang
... (Collagen holds tissues together; keratin gives strength to hair, skin, nails, horns, and feathers; and glycoproteins lubricate joints.) Transport – Transport proteins, as their name implies, move other molecules around an organism. One example of a transport protein is hemoglobin, which carries o ...
... (Collagen holds tissues together; keratin gives strength to hair, skin, nails, horns, and feathers; and glycoproteins lubricate joints.) Transport – Transport proteins, as their name implies, move other molecules around an organism. One example of a transport protein is hemoglobin, which carries o ...
Introduction to the Digestive System Notes
... digestion of fats, carbohydrates and protein. • Gallbladder: stores and concentrates bile, and then releases it into the duodenum to help absorb and digest ...
... digestion of fats, carbohydrates and protein. • Gallbladder: stores and concentrates bile, and then releases it into the duodenum to help absorb and digest ...
Cells Lecture V
... 1b ~ students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activities of enzymes depend on temperature, ionic conditions, and the pH of the surroundings 1h ~ students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins ...
... 1b ~ students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activities of enzymes depend on temperature, ionic conditions, and the pH of the surroundings 1h ~ students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins ...
it here
... string of such molecules called a polymer •• E.g. a chain of identical glucose molecules (monomers) is a polymer called starch. •• Monosaccharides, nucleotides and amino acids are examples of monomers. Condensation Reaction •• A reaction in which two molecules join together and •• Release a water mo ...
... string of such molecules called a polymer •• E.g. a chain of identical glucose molecules (monomers) is a polymer called starch. •• Monosaccharides, nucleotides and amino acids are examples of monomers. Condensation Reaction •• A reaction in which two molecules join together and •• Release a water mo ...
Mathematics Semester 1 Study Guide
... reactions of photosynthesis and in cellular respiration? a. O2 in both. B. CO2 in both c. H2O in the light reactions and O2 in respiration d. NADP+ in the light reactions and NAD+ or FAD in respiration e. NADP+ in the light reactions and O2 in respiration Indicate if the following events occur durin ...
... reactions of photosynthesis and in cellular respiration? a. O2 in both. B. CO2 in both c. H2O in the light reactions and O2 in respiration d. NADP+ in the light reactions and NAD+ or FAD in respiration e. NADP+ in the light reactions and O2 in respiration Indicate if the following events occur durin ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... 2. During the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate. There are three major ways in which different cells handle pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis. These are lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation and aerobic respiration. Fermentation takes place under anaerobic ...
... 2. During the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate. There are three major ways in which different cells handle pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis. These are lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation and aerobic respiration. Fermentation takes place under anaerobic ...
Control of Maximum Rates of Glycolysis in Rat Cardiac Muscle
... stimulation of glycolysis resulted in increased cytosolic NADH/NAD ratios and the rate of disposal of glycolytically produced NADH appeared to limit the maximum glycolytic rate. In aerobic hearts, oxidation of glucose and lactate increased linearly as developed ventricular pressure was raised from 6 ...
... stimulation of glycolysis resulted in increased cytosolic NADH/NAD ratios and the rate of disposal of glycolytically produced NADH appeared to limit the maximum glycolytic rate. In aerobic hearts, oxidation of glucose and lactate increased linearly as developed ventricular pressure was raised from 6 ...
Energy for Physical Activity
... down the bond of the last phosphate so that it is released. This then creates ADP (Adenosine and 2 phosphates) and an inorganic phosphate. ...
... down the bond of the last phosphate so that it is released. This then creates ADP (Adenosine and 2 phosphates) and an inorganic phosphate. ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation
... NADH and FADH2 is converted into the phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP. • The standard reduction potential (E0) is a quantitative measure of the ease with which a compound can be reduced; or how readily it accepts electrons. • The more positive the E0, the more readily the compound accepts electr ...
... NADH and FADH2 is converted into the phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP. • The standard reduction potential (E0) is a quantitative measure of the ease with which a compound can be reduced; or how readily it accepts electrons. • The more positive the E0, the more readily the compound accepts electr ...
Metabolism
... Stage 1: Digestion of Carbohydrates • In the mouth, salivary amylase hydrolyzes aglycosidic bonds in polysaccharides to give smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides ma ...
... Stage 1: Digestion of Carbohydrates • In the mouth, salivary amylase hydrolyzes aglycosidic bonds in polysaccharides to give smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides ma ...
Student Book (Unit 1 Module 4) - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... During glycolysis, the link reaction and Krebs cycle, hydrogen atoms are removed from substrate molecules in oxidation reactions. These reactions are catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes. Although enzymes catalyse a wide variety of metabolic reactions, they are not very good at catalysing oxidation o ...
... During glycolysis, the link reaction and Krebs cycle, hydrogen atoms are removed from substrate molecules in oxidation reactions. These reactions are catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes. Although enzymes catalyse a wide variety of metabolic reactions, they are not very good at catalysing oxidation o ...
Carbohydrate metabolism
... •Epinephrine stimulates α1 adrenergic receptors in liver → activation of phospholipase-C which hydrolyses phosphatidyl inositol–P2 into 1,2 diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate → release Ca++ from its intracellular stores into the cytoplasm raising the intracytoplasmic concentration of Ca++ whic ...
... •Epinephrine stimulates α1 adrenergic receptors in liver → activation of phospholipase-C which hydrolyses phosphatidyl inositol–P2 into 1,2 diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate → release Ca++ from its intracellular stores into the cytoplasm raising the intracytoplasmic concentration of Ca++ whic ...
What is respiration?
... During glycolysis, the link reaction and Krebs cycle, hydrogen atoms are removed from substrate molecules in oxidation reactions. These reactions are catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes. Although enzymes catalyse a wide variety of metabolic reactions, they are not very good at catalysing oxidation o ...
... During glycolysis, the link reaction and Krebs cycle, hydrogen atoms are removed from substrate molecules in oxidation reactions. These reactions are catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes. Although enzymes catalyse a wide variety of metabolic reactions, they are not very good at catalysing oxidation o ...
Chapter 5
... generate that kind of energy at once, the cell has no mechanism to use all the energy released at one instant in time. Most of it would be wasted as excess heat. Instead, the cell uses enzymes to destabilize and break down the sugar through a series of conversions into intermediate compounds. The b ...
... generate that kind of energy at once, the cell has no mechanism to use all the energy released at one instant in time. Most of it would be wasted as excess heat. Instead, the cell uses enzymes to destabilize and break down the sugar through a series of conversions into intermediate compounds. The b ...
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS AND METHODS Ceramide and
... This assay measures formation of phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the presence of excess enolase. 50 g of supernatant was added to 3 l of 50 mM 3phosphoglyceric acid trisodium salt, 10 mol of MgSO4, and 10 units of enolase in a 1 cm light path quartz cell. The rate of increase in absorbance at 240 nm w ...
... This assay measures formation of phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the presence of excess enolase. 50 g of supernatant was added to 3 l of 50 mM 3phosphoglyceric acid trisodium salt, 10 mol of MgSO4, and 10 units of enolase in a 1 cm light path quartz cell. The rate of increase in absorbance at 240 nm w ...
Chapter 7 Problem Set
... glucose units are linked via (ß14) linkages. This allows the polymer to adopt an extended conformation in which parallel chains are held together via numerous interchain hydrogen bonds. Water is mostly excluded from cellulose which forms insoluble, tough fibers. Cellulose therefore is well suited t ...
... glucose units are linked via (ß14) linkages. This allows the polymer to adopt an extended conformation in which parallel chains are held together via numerous interchain hydrogen bonds. Water is mostly excluded from cellulose which forms insoluble, tough fibers. Cellulose therefore is well suited t ...
Phosphorylation - Biology Junction
... levels of intermediates compounds in the pathways regulation of earlier steps in pathways levels of other biomolecules in body regulates rate of siphoning off to synthesis pathways ...
... levels of intermediates compounds in the pathways regulation of earlier steps in pathways levels of other biomolecules in body regulates rate of siphoning off to synthesis pathways ...
video slide - SP New Moodle
... • Application: Lipids are more suitable for longterm energy storage in humans than ...
... • Application: Lipids are more suitable for longterm energy storage in humans than ...
Document
... -Unmodified glucose reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu2+ because the open-chain form has a free aldehyde group that is readily oxidized.(=reducing sugar) -Methyl glucopyranoside do not react .(=non-reducing sugar) -Glucose react with hemoglobin to form glycosylated hemoglobin. diabete ...
... -Unmodified glucose reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu2+ because the open-chain form has a free aldehyde group that is readily oxidized.(=reducing sugar) -Methyl glucopyranoside do not react .(=non-reducing sugar) -Glucose react with hemoglobin to form glycosylated hemoglobin. diabete ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑