Biochemistry 6/e
... Hormone-sensitive lipases convert TAGs to free fatty acids and glycerol. At low carbohydrate and low insulin concentrations, TAG hydrolysis is stimulated by increased epinephrine and glucagon which activate Protein kinase A through Gprotein transduction. ...
... Hormone-sensitive lipases convert TAGs to free fatty acids and glycerol. At low carbohydrate and low insulin concentrations, TAG hydrolysis is stimulated by increased epinephrine and glucagon which activate Protein kinase A through Gprotein transduction. ...
effect of glucose concentration in the growth medium upon neutral
... growth in cooked meat medium (Lab-m Ltd, Ford Lane, Salford), and result profile in API 20A (API Ltd, Farnborough, Hants; Hauser and Zabransky, 1976). Additional tests used for P. anaerobius were sensitivityto novobiocin (Wren, Eldon and Dakin, 1977)and liquoid (Wideman ef al., 1976); API 20A was no ...
... growth in cooked meat medium (Lab-m Ltd, Ford Lane, Salford), and result profile in API 20A (API Ltd, Farnborough, Hants; Hauser and Zabransky, 1976). Additional tests used for P. anaerobius were sensitivityto novobiocin (Wren, Eldon and Dakin, 1977)and liquoid (Wideman ef al., 1976); API 20A was no ...
Lecture Eighteen - Personal Webspace for QMUL
... the machinery of bacteria (i.e. the 70S rather than 80S ribosomes) and synthesises a few of the mitochondrial proteins THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE - BACKGROUND Last lecture: Glucose converted to pyruvate In glycolysis in the cytosol The next steps in generating energy from glucose are: The oxida ...
... the machinery of bacteria (i.e. the 70S rather than 80S ribosomes) and synthesises a few of the mitochondrial proteins THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE - BACKGROUND Last lecture: Glucose converted to pyruvate In glycolysis in the cytosol The next steps in generating energy from glucose are: The oxida ...
ATP - RCSD
... • ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which • an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and • ATP is formed. ...
... • ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which • an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and • ATP is formed. ...
File
... primarily in the liver and in the skeletal muscle, although other tissues (e.g., cardiac muscle) may store smaller quantities. ...
... primarily in the liver and in the skeletal muscle, although other tissues (e.g., cardiac muscle) may store smaller quantities. ...
Organic Molecules
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
Organic Molecules
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
3. Machinery of a factory: The cell
... when the phosphate detaches, the ion is transported and ATP becomes ADP. Because the K that is inside of the cell gradually leaks out and Na gradually leaks in, the pumps have to be working all the time. So metabolism occurs all the time to transform ADP back into ATP. A large percentage of basal me ...
... when the phosphate detaches, the ion is transported and ATP becomes ADP. Because the K that is inside of the cell gradually leaks out and Na gradually leaks in, the pumps have to be working all the time. So metabolism occurs all the time to transform ADP back into ATP. A large percentage of basal me ...
SECTION 2 - CELL FUNCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT
... 10. “All fats are lipids” because fats are organic molecules that are relatively insoluble in water. Fats (triglycerides) represent a subcategory of lipids; “not all lipids are fats” because the term lipids includes other subcategories such as phospholipids and steroids, that are not triglycerides. ...
... 10. “All fats are lipids” because fats are organic molecules that are relatively insoluble in water. Fats (triglycerides) represent a subcategory of lipids; “not all lipids are fats” because the term lipids includes other subcategories such as phospholipids and steroids, that are not triglycerides. ...
Communication, Homeostasis and Energy
... combine to produce one larger charge in the potential membrane. If a low level stimuli is persistent it can generate several successive action potentials in the presynaptic neurone. The release of many vesicles of acetylcholine in a short space of time will enable the postsynaptic generator potentia ...
... combine to produce one larger charge in the potential membrane. If a low level stimuli is persistent it can generate several successive action potentials in the presynaptic neurone. The release of many vesicles of acetylcholine in a short space of time will enable the postsynaptic generator potentia ...
Human Physiology
... metabolic pathway by which glucose is converted into 2 pyruvates Does not require oxygen Overall net equation is: glucose + 2NAD + 2ADP + 2Pi 2 pyruvates + 2NADH + 2 ATP ...
... metabolic pathway by which glucose is converted into 2 pyruvates Does not require oxygen Overall net equation is: glucose + 2NAD + 2ADP + 2Pi 2 pyruvates + 2NADH + 2 ATP ...
Anesthesia in a Child with Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A
... treatment of the disease has changed from that described in their patient. The use of thiamine and a ketogenic diet is now the treatment of choice. Our patient also had the milder form of the disease and was well controlled with diet and thiamine. Although Dierdorf and McNiece3 suggested the avoidan ...
... treatment of the disease has changed from that described in their patient. The use of thiamine and a ketogenic diet is now the treatment of choice. Our patient also had the milder form of the disease and was well controlled with diet and thiamine. Although Dierdorf and McNiece3 suggested the avoidan ...
Summary
... Nitrogen starvation has a strong impact on cellular physiology. In the absence of nitrogen in the environment, cells synthesize new proteins by degrading existing proteins. The glycolytic and fermentative capacity of yeast cells, i.e. the rate at which it can convert glucose to ethanol and CO2 under ...
... Nitrogen starvation has a strong impact on cellular physiology. In the absence of nitrogen in the environment, cells synthesize new proteins by degrading existing proteins. The glycolytic and fermentative capacity of yeast cells, i.e. the rate at which it can convert glucose to ethanol and CO2 under ...
Using energy Exercise
... This is achieved by increasing the heart rate, rate of breathing and the depth of breathing. The increased heart rate increases the rate of blood flow around the body. The increased rate and depth of breathing increases the rate of gaseous exchange in the lungs. The muscles store glucose as glycogen ...
... This is achieved by increasing the heart rate, rate of breathing and the depth of breathing. The increased heart rate increases the rate of blood flow around the body. The increased rate and depth of breathing increases the rate of gaseous exchange in the lungs. The muscles store glucose as glycogen ...
sample pages from Biology - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... your body down, so on a hot day more water is lost as sweat. When you lose water you become thirsty so you take in more water by drinking more fluids. When you sweat you lose ions as well as water. Sweat contains about 0.15 g of salt (sodium chloride) per 100 cm3 water. Sports drinks help to replace ...
... your body down, so on a hot day more water is lost as sweat. When you lose water you become thirsty so you take in more water by drinking more fluids. When you sweat you lose ions as well as water. Sweat contains about 0.15 g of salt (sodium chloride) per 100 cm3 water. Sports drinks help to replace ...
Respiration - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... your body down, so on a hot day more water is lost as sweat. When you lose water you become thirsty so you take in more water by drinking more fluids. When you sweat you lose ions as well as water. Sweat contains about 0.15 g of salt (sodium chloride) per 100 cm3 water. Sports drinks help to replace ...
... your body down, so on a hot day more water is lost as sweat. When you lose water you become thirsty so you take in more water by drinking more fluids. When you sweat you lose ions as well as water. Sweat contains about 0.15 g of salt (sodium chloride) per 100 cm3 water. Sports drinks help to replace ...
Exercise 6 - Google Groups
... → The rate of reaction catalyzed by an enzyme increases linearly with the substrate concentration up to a point, but it soon reaches the maximum value called Vmax beyond which there is no further increase in reaction rate; this is called substrate saturation. This is so because all of the active sit ...
... → The rate of reaction catalyzed by an enzyme increases linearly with the substrate concentration up to a point, but it soon reaches the maximum value called Vmax beyond which there is no further increase in reaction rate; this is called substrate saturation. This is so because all of the active sit ...
Chap 2-3 Notes - WordPress.com
... Organic Chemistry : the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Macromolecules: formed by a process known as polymerization. Monomers: small units that can join together with other small units to form Polymers large compounds formed from combinations of many monomers Four g ...
... Organic Chemistry : the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Macromolecules: formed by a process known as polymerization. Monomers: small units that can join together with other small units to form Polymers large compounds formed from combinations of many monomers Four g ...
electron transport chain
... series of oxidation reactions ultimately yielding CO2 and water. The metabolic intermediates of these reactions donate electrons to specific coenzymes—nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) - to form the energy-rich reduced coenzymes, NADH and FADH2. These red ...
... series of oxidation reactions ultimately yielding CO2 and water. The metabolic intermediates of these reactions donate electrons to specific coenzymes—nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) - to form the energy-rich reduced coenzymes, NADH and FADH2. These red ...
Circulatory and Respiratory System TEST Study
... 4. How does oxygen get from the air into our blood stream? 5. What is oxygen used for in the body? 6. Discuss the process of cellular respiration. 7. Where does carbon dioxide in the blood stream come from and where does it go? 8. How are the circulatory system and respiratory system related? 9. Wha ...
... 4. How does oxygen get from the air into our blood stream? 5. What is oxygen used for in the body? 6. Discuss the process of cellular respiration. 7. Where does carbon dioxide in the blood stream come from and where does it go? 8. How are the circulatory system and respiratory system related? 9. Wha ...
-1 Respiration and Fermentation Respiration is the process of
... electron transport. Each step along the way involves both oxidation and reduction reactions as electrons are removed from one molecule as it is oxidized and transferred to electron acceptors that become reduced. In aerobic respiration, oxygen is the ultimate electron acceptor. These reactions can be ...
... electron transport. Each step along the way involves both oxidation and reduction reactions as electrons are removed from one molecule as it is oxidized and transferred to electron acceptors that become reduced. In aerobic respiration, oxygen is the ultimate electron acceptor. These reactions can be ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑