4 Classes of Large Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids
... Cholesterol: precursor from which many other steroids are made ...
... Cholesterol: precursor from which many other steroids are made ...
document
... Polar, hydrophilic side groups make amino acids soluble in water. These can be uncharged polar side groups, or charged ...
... Polar, hydrophilic side groups make amino acids soluble in water. These can be uncharged polar side groups, or charged ...
Core Concept Cheat Sheet
... monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds. ! Protein: A macromolecule composed of one or more polypeptide chains, each with a characteristic sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. ! Amino acids: Alpha amino-substituted carboxylic acids, the building blocks of proteins. ! Primary stru ...
... monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds. ! Protein: A macromolecule composed of one or more polypeptide chains, each with a characteristic sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. ! Amino acids: Alpha amino-substituted carboxylic acids, the building blocks of proteins. ! Primary stru ...
REVERSE GENETICS: USING RNAi TO MAKE PROTEIN KNOCK
... a disease, studying its C. elegans homolog might further our understanding of the molecular basis of the disease and could elucidate possible treatments. There are several different strategies for eliminating or severely depleting the expression of a particular protein, which are referred to as “kno ...
... a disease, studying its C. elegans homolog might further our understanding of the molecular basis of the disease and could elucidate possible treatments. There are several different strategies for eliminating or severely depleting the expression of a particular protein, which are referred to as “kno ...
Two distinct pathways of cell death triggered by oxidative damage to
... In order to confirm that menadione produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells, intracellular ROS such as hydroxyradical or peroxynitrite were detected using hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF, Daiichi Pure Chemicals, Japan). Thirty minutes after exposure to 50 µM menadione, HPF (10 µM) was appl ...
... In order to confirm that menadione produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells, intracellular ROS such as hydroxyradical or peroxynitrite were detected using hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF, Daiichi Pure Chemicals, Japan). Thirty minutes after exposure to 50 µM menadione, HPF (10 µM) was appl ...
mRNA and protein abundance for glutathione-S
... plotted as a percentage of the total signal on the filter for a given mRNA to facilitate comparison. The differential distribution of these mRNAs implies different translation efficiencies. This phenomenon appears to be much more common than previously anticipated, and is not restricted to particula ...
... plotted as a percentage of the total signal on the filter for a given mRNA to facilitate comparison. The differential distribution of these mRNAs implies different translation efficiencies. This phenomenon appears to be much more common than previously anticipated, and is not restricted to particula ...
Document
... Methylation of several specific sites located at the 5-end of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs is an essential step in mRNA maturation. A cap bearing only a single CH3 on the guanyl is termed cap 0. This methylation occurs in all eukaryotic mRNAs. If a methyl is also added to the 2-O position of the first nu ...
... Methylation of several specific sites located at the 5-end of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs is an essential step in mRNA maturation. A cap bearing only a single CH3 on the guanyl is termed cap 0. This methylation occurs in all eukaryotic mRNAs. If a methyl is also added to the 2-O position of the first nu ...
Types of RNA
... Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries information about a protein sequence to the ribosomes, the protein synthesis factories in the cell. It is coded so that every three nucleotides (a codon) correspond o one amino acid. In eukaryotic cells, once precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) has been transcribed from DNA, it is ...
... Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries information about a protein sequence to the ribosomes, the protein synthesis factories in the cell. It is coded so that every three nucleotides (a codon) correspond o one amino acid. In eukaryotic cells, once precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) has been transcribed from DNA, it is ...
Unit 2 Exam Biochem, Cell Bio, Metabolism
... Relate the structure of a phospholipid to the property that makes it so important in forming cell membranes. What role do lipids play in living organisms? Define metabolism and explain how reactions can be coupled to one another. What is activation energy? How do catalysts affect activation energy? ...
... Relate the structure of a phospholipid to the property that makes it so important in forming cell membranes. What role do lipids play in living organisms? Define metabolism and explain how reactions can be coupled to one another. What is activation energy? How do catalysts affect activation energy? ...
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... function) and optimal control of living matter (animal, plant and microorganism). After a survey of the molecular building blocks and of the macromolecules of the living cell, the properties and kinetics of enzymes as biocatalysts are covered. Finally, the principles and major pathways of the centra ...
... function) and optimal control of living matter (animal, plant and microorganism). After a survey of the molecular building blocks and of the macromolecules of the living cell, the properties and kinetics of enzymes as biocatalysts are covered. Finally, the principles and major pathways of the centra ...
Solid Waste in History
... Asymmetric creation of a growing bud, on the mother cell. The bud increases in size and eventually severed from the parental cell. After division is complete, the mother cell reinitiates the process by growing another bud. Yeast and some bacteria (Caulobacter is one example) use this form of ...
... Asymmetric creation of a growing bud, on the mother cell. The bud increases in size and eventually severed from the parental cell. After division is complete, the mother cell reinitiates the process by growing another bud. Yeast and some bacteria (Caulobacter is one example) use this form of ...
Study guide for exam 2 Spring 2017
... What are the major phases of the cell cycle? What happens during those stages? Remember the importance of the S-phase. Be familiar with the major stages of mitosis. What occurs during each of these stages? How many daughter cells result from mitosis? Understand the significance of mitosis. How does ...
... What are the major phases of the cell cycle? What happens during those stages? Remember the importance of the S-phase. Be familiar with the major stages of mitosis. What occurs during each of these stages? How many daughter cells result from mitosis? Understand the significance of mitosis. How does ...
DNA and RNA Chapter 12
... rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved mRNA image from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/tmp/labeling/1140654_dyn.gif ...
... rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved mRNA image from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/tmp/labeling/1140654_dyn.gif ...
9/19/14 Notes on Macromolecules (powerpoint)
... Proteins have a variety of functions in living organisms ...
... Proteins have a variety of functions in living organisms ...
Chap5 Genetic Engineering
... This involves the formation of a zygote (a diploid cell) from the fusion of two haploid cells, each having a single set of chromosomes. e.g. some yeasts can exist as haploid (in the forms of and a cells) or diploid (formed by mating of and a cells). The haploid contains 16 linear chromosomes eac ...
... This involves the formation of a zygote (a diploid cell) from the fusion of two haploid cells, each having a single set of chromosomes. e.g. some yeasts can exist as haploid (in the forms of and a cells) or diploid (formed by mating of and a cells). The haploid contains 16 linear chromosomes eac ...
How to classify proteins on basis of structure?
... • Some proteins are deeply related with diseases. And structural information of a protein is necessary to explain and predict its gene function as well as to design molecules that bind to the protein in drug design. • Today, whole genome sequences (the complete set of genes) of various organisms hav ...
... • Some proteins are deeply related with diseases. And structural information of a protein is necessary to explain and predict its gene function as well as to design molecules that bind to the protein in drug design. • Today, whole genome sequences (the complete set of genes) of various organisms hav ...
DNA - Community College of Rhode Island
... DNA and RNA are nucleic acids ◦ DNA – genetic information ◦ RNA – used to build proteins ...
... DNA and RNA are nucleic acids ◦ DNA – genetic information ◦ RNA – used to build proteins ...
Ecole Doctorale des Sciences Chimiques ED250 - FrenchBIC
... Proposal summary: Giant viruses were discovered about more than a decade ago (1). They display unexpected features for viruses, namely the size of the viral particle higher than 0.5 µm and complex genomes containing from 500 to 2500 genes, depending on the virus. Most of their genes encode proteins ...
... Proposal summary: Giant viruses were discovered about more than a decade ago (1). They display unexpected features for viruses, namely the size of the viral particle higher than 0.5 µm and complex genomes containing from 500 to 2500 genes, depending on the virus. Most of their genes encode proteins ...
Key Molecule for the Evolution of Life—Nucleic Acid
... Fig. 1. Molecular Structures of DNA and RNA. As the molecular structure, DNA and RNA are very much alike each other. Few differences are: RNA has an additional OH in the sugar moiety if compared with DNA, and RNA is built up by the use of uracil base whereas DNA built up of thymine. The difference b ...
... Fig. 1. Molecular Structures of DNA and RNA. As the molecular structure, DNA and RNA are very much alike each other. Few differences are: RNA has an additional OH in the sugar moiety if compared with DNA, and RNA is built up by the use of uracil base whereas DNA built up of thymine. The difference b ...
Analysis of microarray data
... microarrays- cancer • Take a set of patients with a certain type of cancer and a set of control patients with no cancer, take cells from tumour/ region where tumour is in cancer patients. Extract mRNA, make cDNA and dye one of the samples from a control patient green; all other samples red. • Make/ ...
... microarrays- cancer • Take a set of patients with a certain type of cancer and a set of control patients with no cancer, take cells from tumour/ region where tumour is in cancer patients. Extract mRNA, make cDNA and dye one of the samples from a control patient green; all other samples red. • Make/ ...
No Slide Title
... •Cumulative selection will work on almost anything that can yield similar, but non-identical, copies of itself through some replication process. •It depends on a medium that stores information and can be passed on to the next generation - DNA or RNA (virus) in terrestrial life forms. •Most genetic ...
... •Cumulative selection will work on almost anything that can yield similar, but non-identical, copies of itself through some replication process. •It depends on a medium that stores information and can be passed on to the next generation - DNA or RNA (virus) in terrestrial life forms. •Most genetic ...
DNA RNA
... • A telomere is a repeating DNA sequence (for example, TTAGGG) at the end of the body's chromosomes. • The telomere can reach a length of 15,000 base pairs. • Telomeres function by preventing chromosomes from losing base pair sequences at their ends. They also stop chromosomes from fusing to each ot ...
... • A telomere is a repeating DNA sequence (for example, TTAGGG) at the end of the body's chromosomes. • The telomere can reach a length of 15,000 base pairs. • Telomeres function by preventing chromosomes from losing base pair sequences at their ends. They also stop chromosomes from fusing to each ot ...
Close Assignment: Genetics Week 7 Test Review 1. ______ The
... In fruit flies with the curly wing mutation, the wings will be straight if the flies are kept at 16°C, but curly if they are kept at 25°C. The most probable explanation for this is that 1. fruit flies with curly wings cannot survive at ...
... In fruit flies with the curly wing mutation, the wings will be straight if the flies are kept at 16°C, but curly if they are kept at 25°C. The most probable explanation for this is that 1. fruit flies with curly wings cannot survive at ...
CH03_Lecture
... – Functional units within a larger structure – Most proteins made of multiple domains that perform different parts of the protein’s function ...
... – Functional units within a larger structure – Most proteins made of multiple domains that perform different parts of the protein’s function ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.