Unknown title - Sigma
... in larger systems. For a long time, (see e.g. Ref.13) ‟forward” labeling where isotope-labeled amino acids are added to the growth medium have been used. Although such methods often do not totally remove spectral ambiguity, they strongly reduce spectroscopic overlap. ‟Pair-wise” amino acid labeling ...
... in larger systems. For a long time, (see e.g. Ref.13) ‟forward” labeling where isotope-labeled amino acids are added to the growth medium have been used. Although such methods often do not totally remove spectral ambiguity, they strongly reduce spectroscopic overlap. ‟Pair-wise” amino acid labeling ...
Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in
... In the present study we have identified a gene required for the expression of PLD activity in yeast. Cells lacking expression of this gene show a complete lack of PLD activity in our in itro assay system. While it is possible that yeast expresses other forms of PLD that are not detected by this par ...
... In the present study we have identified a gene required for the expression of PLD activity in yeast. Cells lacking expression of this gene show a complete lack of PLD activity in our in itro assay system. While it is possible that yeast expresses other forms of PLD that are not detected by this par ...
Protein Sorting and Transport - The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi
... Binding to the receptor releases the SRP from both the ribosome and the signal sequence of the growing polypeptide chain. The ribosome then binds to a protein translocation complex in the ER membrane, and the signal sequence is inserted into a membrane channel. In both yeast and mammalian cells, the ...
... Binding to the receptor releases the SRP from both the ribosome and the signal sequence of the growing polypeptide chain. The ribosome then binds to a protein translocation complex in the ER membrane, and the signal sequence is inserted into a membrane channel. In both yeast and mammalian cells, the ...
T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-The
... critical for nuclear localization, a region that corresponds to the DNA-binding basic domain within the bHLH motif. Because this domain is shared by lyl-l and tal-2, these latter putative T-cell oncoproteins probably use a nuclear localization mechanism identical to that of SCL/tal. 0 1992 by The Am ...
... critical for nuclear localization, a region that corresponds to the DNA-binding basic domain within the bHLH motif. Because this domain is shared by lyl-l and tal-2, these latter putative T-cell oncoproteins probably use a nuclear localization mechanism identical to that of SCL/tal. 0 1992 by The Am ...
Complete genome sequence of the rifamycin SV
... Nocardia farcinica, representing their close relationship in phylogeny and taxonomy. Although the predicted 9 228 protein-coding genes in the A. mediterranei genome shared the greatest number of orthologs with those of S. erythraea, it was unexpectedly followed by Streptomyces coelicolor rather than ...
... Nocardia farcinica, representing their close relationship in phylogeny and taxonomy. Although the predicted 9 228 protein-coding genes in the A. mediterranei genome shared the greatest number of orthologs with those of S. erythraea, it was unexpectedly followed by Streptomyces coelicolor rather than ...
Localization of protein-binding sites within families of proteins
... carry out specific functions and are often identified as the basic evolutionary building blocks that are shuffled, duplicated, and fused during protein evolution (Wetlaufer 1973; Doolittle and Bork 1993; Kolkman and Stemmer 2001). Given the average length of 466 residues for a yeast protein and 173 ...
... carry out specific functions and are often identified as the basic evolutionary building blocks that are shuffled, duplicated, and fused during protein evolution (Wetlaufer 1973; Doolittle and Bork 1993; Kolkman and Stemmer 2001). Given the average length of 466 residues for a yeast protein and 173 ...
Determination of protein regions responsible for interactions of
... matrix during enamel formation and maturation through direct interaction with CD63 and LAMP1 at the ameloblast Tomes’ processes, and the subsequent trafficking into the cell cytoplasm [19]. In the present study, we have identified the protein–proteininteraction regions in amelogenin, CD63 and LAMP1, ...
... matrix during enamel formation and maturation through direct interaction with CD63 and LAMP1 at the ameloblast Tomes’ processes, and the subsequent trafficking into the cell cytoplasm [19]. In the present study, we have identified the protein–proteininteraction regions in amelogenin, CD63 and LAMP1, ...
Review Report
... Pages 5–6 (the rest of Section 3.1): Many others have written about promiscuous enzymes and their potential roles in early metabolic evolution (e.g., Copley, Jensen, Tawfik, Fani, Pereto and others), it might be good to at least cite and possibly briefly discuss some of that work in this section. Re ...
... Pages 5–6 (the rest of Section 3.1): Many others have written about promiscuous enzymes and their potential roles in early metabolic evolution (e.g., Copley, Jensen, Tawfik, Fani, Pereto and others), it might be good to at least cite and possibly briefly discuss some of that work in this section. Re ...
mTORC1 Activates SREBP-1c and Uncouples Lipogenesis From Gluconeogenesis Please share
... by inducing the sterol and regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor that controls the expression of genes required for cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides, and phospholipids synthesis (6). Insulin activates SREBP-1c by two mechawww.pnas.org/ ...
... by inducing the sterol and regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor that controls the expression of genes required for cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides, and phospholipids synthesis (6). Insulin activates SREBP-1c by two mechawww.pnas.org/ ...
The Art of Multiple Sequence Alignment in R
... of DNA, RNA, or amino acid (AA) sequences and returns a merged alignment. For more than two sequences, the function AlignSeqs can be used to perform multiple sequence alignment in a progressive/iterative manner on sequences of the same kind. In this case, multiple alignment works by aligning two seq ...
... of DNA, RNA, or amino acid (AA) sequences and returns a merged alignment. For more than two sequences, the function AlignSeqs can be used to perform multiple sequence alignment in a progressive/iterative manner on sequences of the same kind. In this case, multiple alignment works by aligning two seq ...
Relationship between Hot Spot Residues and Ligand Binding Hot
... determining the fragment binding sites on the receptor proteins by the method of computational solvent mapping, a virtual analog of the MSCS method that has been shown to accurately identify fragment binding hot spots at PPI surface sites.31 Computational mapping places molecular probessmall organi ...
... determining the fragment binding sites on the receptor proteins by the method of computational solvent mapping, a virtual analog of the MSCS method that has been shown to accurately identify fragment binding hot spots at PPI surface sites.31 Computational mapping places molecular probessmall organi ...
Dietary whey protein increases liver and skeletal muscle glycogen
... glucogenesis and glycolysis, and glucose release that is determined by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (Levine & Haft, 1970). Glycolysis also has a role in determining the activity of key enzymes of the opposing glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways, which must be controlled and regulated in orde ...
... glucogenesis and glycolysis, and glucose release that is determined by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (Levine & Haft, 1970). Glycolysis also has a role in determining the activity of key enzymes of the opposing glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways, which must be controlled and regulated in orde ...
Genomics Insights esTs from seeds to Assist the selective Breeding
... are subsequently dephosphorylated in the endoplasmic reticulum to form diacylglycerol (DAG). Finally, a fatty acid chain is added to the DAG by an acyltransferase, resulting in a TAG that is sequestered in lipid bodies for storage.5 TAGs are used to support germination and early seedling growth. In ...
... are subsequently dephosphorylated in the endoplasmic reticulum to form diacylglycerol (DAG). Finally, a fatty acid chain is added to the DAG by an acyltransferase, resulting in a TAG that is sequestered in lipid bodies for storage.5 TAGs are used to support germination and early seedling growth. In ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... with anti-PABP (Figure 3E, upper panel) or anti-GST (lower panel). The endogenous PABP was co-precipitated with GST–eIF4GI(132–160), but not with GST (Figure 3E, compare lanes 1 and 2). Based on these results, we conclude that the 29 amino acid segment (132–160) of eIF4GI contains the core PABP-bind ...
... with anti-PABP (Figure 3E, upper panel) or anti-GST (lower panel). The endogenous PABP was co-precipitated with GST–eIF4GI(132–160), but not with GST (Figure 3E, compare lanes 1 and 2). Based on these results, we conclude that the 29 amino acid segment (132–160) of eIF4GI contains the core PABP-bind ...
Gonococcal outer-membrane protein PIB
... epitope recognized by the antibody. To identify precisely the epitope recognized by mAb SM24, a series of hexapeptides were synthesized between residues 193 and 204, together with a series of smaller peptides centred on residue 198. Antibody SM24 reacted with five hexapeptides, all of which containe ...
... epitope recognized by the antibody. To identify precisely the epitope recognized by mAb SM24, a series of hexapeptides were synthesized between residues 193 and 204, together with a series of smaller peptides centred on residue 198. Antibody SM24 reacted with five hexapeptides, all of which containe ...
the structure and function of cartilage proteoglycans
... membrane of the cell utilizing cytoplasmic UDP-bound monosaccharides. The growing HA chain is extruded directly into the extracellular space via a pore in the cell membrane. While each of the three HA synthases presumably produces HA of an identical composition, there are differences in the chain le ...
... membrane of the cell utilizing cytoplasmic UDP-bound monosaccharides. The growing HA chain is extruded directly into the extracellular space via a pore in the cell membrane. While each of the three HA synthases presumably produces HA of an identical composition, there are differences in the chain le ...
Assessing in silico the recruitment and functional spectrum of
... means of specific biosynthetic pathways and the corresponding genes are organized in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) [5]. Compared to products of PM, secondary metabolites have a wider range of structures and biological activities [6]. This remarkable diversity reflects the random manner in which ...
... means of specific biosynthetic pathways and the corresponding genes are organized in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) [5]. Compared to products of PM, secondary metabolites have a wider range of structures and biological activities [6]. This remarkable diversity reflects the random manner in which ...
As a PDF file
... lactic acid as their main end-product during sugar fermentation. Because the LAB are able to rapidly lower pH through acid formation and additionally produce many flavor compounds, they are commonly used in the food and feed industry. LAB are also attractive organisms for metabolic engineering becau ...
... lactic acid as their main end-product during sugar fermentation. Because the LAB are able to rapidly lower pH through acid formation and additionally produce many flavor compounds, they are commonly used in the food and feed industry. LAB are also attractive organisms for metabolic engineering becau ...
Structure and function of the eukaryotic ADP
... also identified and characterised. The ADPGK enzymes catalyse a phosphorylation reaction converting glucose and ADP to glucose-6-phosphate and AMP. The enzyme is well studied in extremophilic archaea, where ADPGK is part of a set of glycolytic enzymes that use ADP instead of ATP for the phosphorylat ...
... also identified and characterised. The ADPGK enzymes catalyse a phosphorylation reaction converting glucose and ADP to glucose-6-phosphate and AMP. The enzyme is well studied in extremophilic archaea, where ADPGK is part of a set of glycolytic enzymes that use ADP instead of ATP for the phosphorylat ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... C. Answer c is correct. The estimated number of genes is around 25,000; down from an estimate of 100,000. The correct answer is c— D. Answer d is incorrect. The original estimate for the number of genes in the human genome was 100,000. More recent evidence supports a number closer to 25,000. 6. An o ...
... C. Answer c is correct. The estimated number of genes is around 25,000; down from an estimate of 100,000. The correct answer is c— D. Answer d is incorrect. The original estimate for the number of genes in the human genome was 100,000. More recent evidence supports a number closer to 25,000. 6. An o ...
Mechanisms of Unidirectional Translocation & Unwinding
... Stepping requires at least 2 NA binding sites that independently bind and release NA and change the distance between each other. • Monomeric helicases: 2 hands represent 2 parts of NA binding site that move relative to each other. Both sites are controlled by a single NTPase site. • Oligomeric helic ...
... Stepping requires at least 2 NA binding sites that independently bind and release NA and change the distance between each other. • Monomeric helicases: 2 hands represent 2 parts of NA binding site that move relative to each other. Both sites are controlled by a single NTPase site. • Oligomeric helic ...
Lactic acid bacteria as a cell factory: rerouting of carbon metabolism
... genetic engineering to facilitate efficient rerouting of metabolic fluxes. The first system was developed by the construction and screening of synthetic promoters that were based on the L. lactis consensus promoter elements (i.e. ⫺35 and ⫺10 hexamers; [1], but in which the intervening spacer region ...
... genetic engineering to facilitate efficient rerouting of metabolic fluxes. The first system was developed by the construction and screening of synthetic promoters that were based on the L. lactis consensus promoter elements (i.e. ⫺35 and ⫺10 hexamers; [1], but in which the intervening spacer region ...
Differential display proteomic analysis of Picea meyeri pollen
... identical to those already reported in the NCBInr database. Nevertheless, many genes for abundant proteins appeared to be highly conserved in plants. Among the proteins identified, 16 (30%) were previously reported in conifers; 37 (70%) were highly homologous with those of other plants. ...
... identical to those already reported in the NCBInr database. Nevertheless, many genes for abundant proteins appeared to be highly conserved in plants. Among the proteins identified, 16 (30%) were previously reported in conifers; 37 (70%) were highly homologous with those of other plants. ...
Figure 7. N-terminus sequence of the predicted
... mentioning that these atomic resolution structures has been questioned [41,42] because they are not consistent with previously proposed empirical functional models. However, there are theoretical and experimental clues of their biological relevance [11,43–48]. As mentioned above, across different ph ...
... mentioning that these atomic resolution structures has been questioned [41,42] because they are not consistent with previously proposed empirical functional models. However, there are theoretical and experimental clues of their biological relevance [11,43–48]. As mentioned above, across different ph ...
proteinstructure
... Protein Structure Helps us Understand Protein Function If we do know what a protein does, its structure will tell us how it does it. If we don’t know what a protein does, its structure might give us what we need to know to figure out ...
... Protein Structure Helps us Understand Protein Function If we do know what a protein does, its structure will tell us how it does it. If we don’t know what a protein does, its structure might give us what we need to know to figure out ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.