![Topic 9: Respiration](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002674741_1-857692ce643e02393013ca6f08f56a05-300x300.png)
GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS – I: Brief Review of: AEROBIC
... Lactate, which is then released in blood, picked up by the Liver for conversion to Glucose via Gluconeogenesis; • Conversion of Lactate to Glucose in Liver requires 6 ATP; • Cancer cells produce net of 2 ATP per molecule of Glucose converted into Lactate in Glycolysis; • Thus, Liver needs to provide ...
... Lactate, which is then released in blood, picked up by the Liver for conversion to Glucose via Gluconeogenesis; • Conversion of Lactate to Glucose in Liver requires 6 ATP; • Cancer cells produce net of 2 ATP per molecule of Glucose converted into Lactate in Glycolysis; • Thus, Liver needs to provide ...
Stryer An overview of the citric acid cycle
... Origin of mitochondria: the endosymbiont hypothesis The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that mitochondria have evolved from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • ...
... Origin of mitochondria: the endosymbiont hypothesis The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that mitochondria have evolved from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • ...
CELLULAR RESPIRTION Powerpoint
... • Fermentation-the extraction of energy from pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. a. Alcoholic Fermentation-Produces CO2 and Ethanol (alcohol). Produces 2 ATP. b. Lactic Acid Fermentation-Produces lactic acid (think yogurt). Produces 2 ATP ...
... • Fermentation-the extraction of energy from pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. a. Alcoholic Fermentation-Produces CO2 and Ethanol (alcohol). Produces 2 ATP. b. Lactic Acid Fermentation-Produces lactic acid (think yogurt). Produces 2 ATP ...
Cellular Respiration
... Summary of the steps of Glycolysis: a. 2 ATP added to glucose (6C) to energize it. b. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. ...
... Summary of the steps of Glycolysis: a. 2 ATP added to glucose (6C) to energize it. b. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. ...
Project 2 - University of South Florida
... •The simulations were carried out for the three substrates, glucose,lactate and palmitic acid. The complete utilzation of 1 mol of glucose results in the formation of 38 ATP with the concomitant utilization of 6 mol of oxygen. The utilization of 1 mol of lactate forms 17.5 ATP with the utilization ...
... •The simulations were carried out for the three substrates, glucose,lactate and palmitic acid. The complete utilzation of 1 mol of glucose results in the formation of 38 ATP with the concomitant utilization of 6 mol of oxygen. The utilization of 1 mol of lactate forms 17.5 ATP with the utilization ...
Respiration and Lipid Metabolism Aerobic
... Animal mitochondria – cyanide Æ 100% Animal mitochondria + cyanide Æ 1% of uninhibited control Plant mitochondria – cyanide Æ 100% Plant mitochondria + cyanide Æ 10-100% of uninhibited control Roles of Alternative oxidase 1. Volatilize chemical attractants ...
... Animal mitochondria – cyanide Æ 100% Animal mitochondria + cyanide Æ 1% of uninhibited control Plant mitochondria – cyanide Æ 100% Plant mitochondria + cyanide Æ 10-100% of uninhibited control Roles of Alternative oxidase 1. Volatilize chemical attractants ...
439EnPanc13
... Activation of acetyl CoA carboxylase. Stimulates production of free fatty acids from acetyl CoA. Activation of lipoprotein lipase (increases breakdown of triacylglycerol in the circulation). Fatty acids are then taken up by adipocytes, and triacylglycerol is made and stored in the ...
... Activation of acetyl CoA carboxylase. Stimulates production of free fatty acids from acetyl CoA. Activation of lipoprotein lipase (increases breakdown of triacylglycerol in the circulation). Fatty acids are then taken up by adipocytes, and triacylglycerol is made and stored in the ...
outline7712
... b. Insulin Secretagogues – stimulate pancreatic insulin secretion; drugs are categorized as sulfonylureas (SFUs) and non-SFUs (meglitinides) ...
... b. Insulin Secretagogues – stimulate pancreatic insulin secretion; drugs are categorized as sulfonylureas (SFUs) and non-SFUs (meglitinides) ...
Chapter_02_4E - Ironbark (xtelco)
... is used to resynthesize ATP, preventing the ATP level from decreasing. At exhaustion, both ATP and PCr concentrations are low. ...
... is used to resynthesize ATP, preventing the ATP level from decreasing. At exhaustion, both ATP and PCr concentrations are low. ...
BIE 5810 - Chapter 5, Part I
... (3) Can be important factor in culturing microbes. Growth can be limited by the RATE OF CO2 FIXATION TO MAINTAIN THE TCA CYCLE! – (a) when culture is initiated at low density with little accumulation of inctracellular CO2, or (b) when a gas sparge rate into a fermentation tank is high 5.4 Respiratio ...
... (3) Can be important factor in culturing microbes. Growth can be limited by the RATE OF CO2 FIXATION TO MAINTAIN THE TCA CYCLE! – (a) when culture is initiated at low density with little accumulation of inctracellular CO2, or (b) when a gas sparge rate into a fermentation tank is high 5.4 Respiratio ...
LAB 6 – Fermentation & Cellular Respiration INTRODUCTION
... and inorganic phosphate (Pi) is exergonic and thus releases energy which cells can use to do any number of things. Once hydrolyzed, ATP can be regenerated from ADP and Pi, though this is endergonic and thus requires energy. The energy needed to regenerate ATP is obtained from “food”, whatever that m ...
... and inorganic phosphate (Pi) is exergonic and thus releases energy which cells can use to do any number of things. Once hydrolyzed, ATP can be regenerated from ADP and Pi, though this is endergonic and thus requires energy. The energy needed to regenerate ATP is obtained from “food”, whatever that m ...
Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... • NAD+ and FAD+ are reduced by the oxidation of an organic compound (transfer of H atom). • 1 ATP molecule is formed by substrate level phosphorylation during each turn of cycle (net per glucose = 2 ATP) • For each turn of the cycle, 3 Carbon atoms are lost to Carbon Dioxide – All 6 carbons exit the ...
... • NAD+ and FAD+ are reduced by the oxidation of an organic compound (transfer of H atom). • 1 ATP molecule is formed by substrate level phosphorylation during each turn of cycle (net per glucose = 2 ATP) • For each turn of the cycle, 3 Carbon atoms are lost to Carbon Dioxide – All 6 carbons exit the ...
ATP
... • Final substrate-level dehydration in the pathway • Phosphoenolpyruvate serves as donor of the phosphoryl group transferred to ADP by pyruvate kinase making ATP and releasing water – Pyruvate is the final product of glycolysis – A coupled reaction in which hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond provid ...
... • Final substrate-level dehydration in the pathway • Phosphoenolpyruvate serves as donor of the phosphoryl group transferred to ADP by pyruvate kinase making ATP and releasing water – Pyruvate is the final product of glycolysis – A coupled reaction in which hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond provid ...
Kreb`s Cycle - robertschem
... 2. The overall purpose of Krebs cycle is to continue the oxidation of glucose and produce electron carriers (NADH and FADH2). NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons and continue on to the ETC. In the cycle, some energy is produced in the form of 2 molecules of ATP. 3. What product of private oxidation e ...
... 2. The overall purpose of Krebs cycle is to continue the oxidation of glucose and produce electron carriers (NADH and FADH2). NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons and continue on to the ETC. In the cycle, some energy is produced in the form of 2 molecules of ATP. 3. What product of private oxidation e ...
Modulation of glucokinase by glucose, small
... affinity and positive co-operativity for substrate glucose, and is not susceptible to product (glucose 6-phosphate) inhibition [2,3]. These properties are critical to the role GK plays as the glucose sensor. Given its pivotal role in regulating glucose homoeostasis, there has been significant intere ...
... affinity and positive co-operativity for substrate glucose, and is not susceptible to product (glucose 6-phosphate) inhibition [2,3]. These properties are critical to the role GK plays as the glucose sensor. Given its pivotal role in regulating glucose homoeostasis, there has been significant intere ...
Name: Block: Date: Biology 12 - Biologically Important Molecules
... the smallest unit of matter that cannot normally be broken into smaller particles the process of breaking down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets the loose association of amino acids in a polypeptide chain with each other, usually through H-bonds. e.g. alpha helix, beta pleated sheet the l ...
... the smallest unit of matter that cannot normally be broken into smaller particles the process of breaking down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets the loose association of amino acids in a polypeptide chain with each other, usually through H-bonds. e.g. alpha helix, beta pleated sheet the l ...
Document
... Plants produce NADPH and ATP by photosynthesis in the chloroplast. However, most of the plants ATP needs are met by their mitochondria. Sugars are exported out of the chloroplasts into the mitochondria. During periods of light, photosynthetic cells convert some sugars made during photosynthesis int ...
... Plants produce NADPH and ATP by photosynthesis in the chloroplast. However, most of the plants ATP needs are met by their mitochondria. Sugars are exported out of the chloroplasts into the mitochondria. During periods of light, photosynthetic cells convert some sugars made during photosynthesis int ...
Chapter Outline
... 5. Glucose is a high-energy molecule; CO2 and H2O are low-energy molecules; cellular respiration is thus exergonic because it releases energy. 6. Electrons are removed from substrates and received by oxygen, which combines with H + to become water. 7. Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced. 8. The re ...
... 5. Glucose is a high-energy molecule; CO2 and H2O are low-energy molecules; cellular respiration is thus exergonic because it releases energy. 6. Electrons are removed from substrates and received by oxygen, which combines with H + to become water. 7. Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced. 8. The re ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... six CO2 molecules, two from the prep reaction and four from the citric acid cycle. C. The Electron Transport Chain 1. The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the cristae of mitochondria and consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry th ...
... six CO2 molecules, two from the prep reaction and four from the citric acid cycle. C. The Electron Transport Chain 1. The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the cristae of mitochondria and consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry th ...
Document
... In animals and bacteria the extra step converts pyruvate to lactate (or lactic acid). This is a reduction, so NADH is used and NAD is regenerated, to be used in glycolysis. The reaction is reversible, so the energy remaining in the lactate molecule can be retrieved when oxygen becomes available and ...
... In animals and bacteria the extra step converts pyruvate to lactate (or lactic acid). This is a reduction, so NADH is used and NAD is regenerated, to be used in glycolysis. The reaction is reversible, so the energy remaining in the lactate molecule can be retrieved when oxygen becomes available and ...
Cell Respiration (Smith 2010-11).
... B. Protons are pumped into the intermembrane space. C. As the protons return back through ATP synthase,27 ATP is produced from ADP. ...
... B. Protons are pumped into the intermembrane space. C. As the protons return back through ATP synthase,27 ATP is produced from ADP. ...
Glucose
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alpha-D-glucopyranose-2D-skeletal.png?width=300)
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The name ""glucose"" (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/) comes from the Greek word γλευκος, meaning ""sweet wine, must"". The suffix ""-ose"" is a chemical classifier, denoting a carbohydrate. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar. With 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a sub-category of monosaccharides. α-D-glucose is one of the 16 aldose stereoisomers. The D-isomer (D-glucose) occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer (L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen.