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Carbohydrates
... • includes starches, sugars and cellulose (fiber) • most are plant materials produced by photosynthesis ...
... • includes starches, sugars and cellulose (fiber) • most are plant materials produced by photosynthesis ...
Energy Releasing Pathway
... This step balances the G3P with a P on either end. This happens twice or once for each G3P. How many NADH + H+ are formed per glucose? ...
... This step balances the G3P with a P on either end. This happens twice or once for each G3P. How many NADH + H+ are formed per glucose? ...
high energy bond
... • Carried out by wide variety of enzymes and co-factors • Involves single enzymes and enzyme complexes • Provides precursor metabolites to anabolic pathways • Occurs in three locations: – Cytosol – On or in cell membrane – In periplasmic space ...
... • Carried out by wide variety of enzymes and co-factors • Involves single enzymes and enzyme complexes • Provides precursor metabolites to anabolic pathways • Occurs in three locations: – Cytosol – On or in cell membrane – In periplasmic space ...
Exam 2
... 20. The followings are some descriptions of ATP and NAD+. a. When ATP mass action ratio is increased, the ATP production is increased. b. When the [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio is increased, the ATP production is increased. c. A high level of citrate in mitochondrion suppresses glycolysis in cytosol. d. A dia ...
... 20. The followings are some descriptions of ATP and NAD+. a. When ATP mass action ratio is increased, the ATP production is increased. b. When the [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio is increased, the ATP production is increased. c. A high level of citrate in mitochondrion suppresses glycolysis in cytosol. d. A dia ...
Electron Transport Chain Questions
... 5. How many ATP are made from ADP in the second half of glycolysis? 4 ATP are made 6. What is the net gain of ATP for glycolysis? The net gain is 2 ATP 7. How many molecules of pyruvate are made from one molecule of glucose? 2 molecules 8. How many carbons make up one molecule of pyruvate? 3 carbon ...
... 5. How many ATP are made from ADP in the second half of glycolysis? 4 ATP are made 6. What is the net gain of ATP for glycolysis? The net gain is 2 ATP 7. How many molecules of pyruvate are made from one molecule of glucose? 2 molecules 8. How many carbons make up one molecule of pyruvate? 3 carbon ...
Module 1: Review of General and Organic Chemistry
... A form of hexokinase called hexokinase D has a KM for glucose of 0.1 mM; the form called glucokinase has a KM for glucose of 10 mM. Normal blood glucose level is 4-5 mM. e. Will either isozyme work near its maximal rate under normal blood glucose levels? If so, which one and why? ...
... A form of hexokinase called hexokinase D has a KM for glucose of 0.1 mM; the form called glucokinase has a KM for glucose of 10 mM. Normal blood glucose level is 4-5 mM. e. Will either isozyme work near its maximal rate under normal blood glucose levels? If so, which one and why? ...
Carbohydrates lipids and prpoteins 3.2
... Hormonal signalling: Steroids are involved in hormonal signalling (e.g. estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) Insulation: Fats in animals can serve as heat insulators while sphingolipids in the myelin sheath (of neurons) can serve as electrical insulators Protection: Triglycerides may form a tissue ...
... Hormonal signalling: Steroids are involved in hormonal signalling (e.g. estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) Insulation: Fats in animals can serve as heat insulators while sphingolipids in the myelin sheath (of neurons) can serve as electrical insulators Protection: Triglycerides may form a tissue ...
1 - TechnionMed
... The change in reduction potential, ΔE0, must be negative. The change in reduction potential, ΔE0, must be positive. The two groups involved in the electron transfer must be in direct contact. The change in reduction potential, ΔE0, must be zero. ...
... The change in reduction potential, ΔE0, must be negative. The change in reduction potential, ΔE0, must be positive. The two groups involved in the electron transfer must be in direct contact. The change in reduction potential, ΔE0, must be zero. ...
cellular respiration
... • Cellular respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules for each glucose molecule consumed. • During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners. – Hydrogen and its electrons go from sugar to oxygen, forming water. – This hydrogen transfer is why oxygen is so vital to ...
... • Cellular respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules for each glucose molecule consumed. • During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners. – Hydrogen and its electrons go from sugar to oxygen, forming water. – This hydrogen transfer is why oxygen is so vital to ...
Gluconeogenesis
... NADH levels block the conversion of cytoplasmic malate to oxaloacetate, preventing gluconeogenesis. Similarly, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is forced to run backward by high [NADH], so glycolysis is also inhibited. Conversion of lactate to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase is also inhibi ...
... NADH levels block the conversion of cytoplasmic malate to oxaloacetate, preventing gluconeogenesis. Similarly, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is forced to run backward by high [NADH], so glycolysis is also inhibited. Conversion of lactate to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase is also inhibi ...
Chapter 2. Fuel for Exercising Muscle
... – Primary ATP substrate for muscles, brain – Extra glucose stored as glycogen in liver, muscles ...
... – Primary ATP substrate for muscles, brain – Extra glucose stored as glycogen in liver, muscles ...
06.1 Respiration
... Respiration – a one or two stage process Stage 2 does require oxygen and releases a large amount of energy. - this process takes place in the mitochondria of the cell. Note: the rate of both processes are controlled by enzymes. ...
... Respiration – a one or two stage process Stage 2 does require oxygen and releases a large amount of energy. - this process takes place in the mitochondria of the cell. Note: the rate of both processes are controlled by enzymes. ...
(a) (b)
... In the glycolysis pathway, a molecule of glucose is converted in 10 enzyme-catalyzed steps to two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvate. 1930s, Most of the details of this pathway were worked out by Otto Warburg, Gustav Embden, and Otto Meyerhof (German). This pathway is often referred to as the Embden–Mey ...
... In the glycolysis pathway, a molecule of glucose is converted in 10 enzyme-catalyzed steps to two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvate. 1930s, Most of the details of this pathway were worked out by Otto Warburg, Gustav Embden, and Otto Meyerhof (German). This pathway is often referred to as the Embden–Mey ...
Type 2 Diabetes Medications: SGLT2 Inhibitors
... by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) unless otherwise noted. Consult individual manufacturer’s prescribing information for approved uses outside the United States. REFERENCES ...
... by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) unless otherwise noted. Consult individual manufacturer’s prescribing information for approved uses outside the United States. REFERENCES ...
3/14 Cellular Respiration
... Recall that aerobic respiration uses oxygen. After glycolysis, some cells (humans included) can put the pyruvate through two aerobic respiration stages. ...
... Recall that aerobic respiration uses oxygen. After glycolysis, some cells (humans included) can put the pyruvate through two aerobic respiration stages. ...
The Excretory system - Halton District School Board
... • The accumulation of these waste products would be toxic if they were not eliminated. • In plants and simple animals, waste products are removed by diffusion. Plants, for example, excrete O2, a product of photosynthesis. ...
... • The accumulation of these waste products would be toxic if they were not eliminated. • In plants and simple animals, waste products are removed by diffusion. Plants, for example, excrete O2, a product of photosynthesis. ...
Biological Molecules Review KEY
... the smallest unit of matter that cannot normally be broken into smaller particles the process of breaking down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets the loose association of amino acids in a polypeptide chain with each other, usually through H-bonds. e.g. alpha helix, beta pleated sheet the l ...
... the smallest unit of matter that cannot normally be broken into smaller particles the process of breaking down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets the loose association of amino acids in a polypeptide chain with each other, usually through H-bonds. e.g. alpha helix, beta pleated sheet the l ...
Glycogenolytic effect of pancreastatin in the rat
... Blood glucose levels were significantly increased by pancreastatin (300 pmol/kg), with the peak at 5 min (Fig. 2). Thus, at 5 min after the injection, blood glucose levels were 4 . 3 + 0 . 2 m M in control rats and 5 . 1 + 0 . 2 m M in animals injected with pancreastatin (p <0.01). At 10rain the dif ...
... Blood glucose levels were significantly increased by pancreastatin (300 pmol/kg), with the peak at 5 min (Fig. 2). Thus, at 5 min after the injection, blood glucose levels were 4 . 3 + 0 . 2 m M in control rats and 5 . 1 + 0 . 2 m M in animals injected with pancreastatin (p <0.01). At 10rain the dif ...
4 Krebs ETC
... • Lactic acid production in animal muscle occurs during oxygen debt • Lactic acid needs to be produced so that NAD+ can be regenerated to keep glycolysis going Net ATP produced = 2 ATP ...
... • Lactic acid production in animal muscle occurs during oxygen debt • Lactic acid needs to be produced so that NAD+ can be regenerated to keep glycolysis going Net ATP produced = 2 ATP ...
Cellular Respiration
... a. It produces a net gain of ATP. b. It is an aerobic process. c. It can be performed only by bacteria. d. It produces more energy per glucose molecule than does aerobic respiration. 2. Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? a. an agent that reacts with oxygen ...
... a. It produces a net gain of ATP. b. It is an aerobic process. c. It can be performed only by bacteria. d. It produces more energy per glucose molecule than does aerobic respiration. 2. Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? a. an agent that reacts with oxygen ...
Identification of GNB – IMViC Tests
... are governed by biological catalysts called enzymes. Fermentations are energy-producing biochemical reactions in which organic molecules serve both as electron acceptors and donors. The ability of microorganisms to ferment carbohydrates and the types of products formed are very useful in identificat ...
... are governed by biological catalysts called enzymes. Fermentations are energy-producing biochemical reactions in which organic molecules serve both as electron acceptors and donors. The ability of microorganisms to ferment carbohydrates and the types of products formed are very useful in identificat ...
REVIEW.h_U8_Respiration 2017
... Name the pathway that oxygen takes from the time it enters the human body to the time it reaches the mitochondrion of a muscle cell. Describe the physical changes of the respiratory system that a person suffering with emphysema undergoes. Name two ways that athletes have attempted to increase the ef ...
... Name the pathway that oxygen takes from the time it enters the human body to the time it reaches the mitochondrion of a muscle cell. Describe the physical changes of the respiratory system that a person suffering with emphysema undergoes. Name two ways that athletes have attempted to increase the ef ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... Animals, some fungi pyruvate lactic acid 3C NADH ...
... Animals, some fungi pyruvate lactic acid 3C NADH ...
Glucose
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alpha-D-glucopyranose-2D-skeletal.png?width=300)
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The name ""glucose"" (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/) comes from the Greek word γλευκος, meaning ""sweet wine, must"". The suffix ""-ose"" is a chemical classifier, denoting a carbohydrate. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar. With 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a sub-category of monosaccharides. α-D-glucose is one of the 16 aldose stereoisomers. The D-isomer (D-glucose) occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer (L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen.