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... et al., 2003). The mesenchyme fills the space between the epidermal and endodermal tissues in the trunk. The fate of most cells is already specified before gastrulation is complete. The Ciona genome contains ~670 TF genes and their expression profiles during embryonic development have almost all bee ...
... et al., 2003). The mesenchyme fills the space between the epidermal and endodermal tissues in the trunk. The fate of most cells is already specified before gastrulation is complete. The Ciona genome contains ~670 TF genes and their expression profiles during embryonic development have almost all bee ...
The regulation of expression of the porin gene ompC
... did not achieve a rate that was in balance with the growth rate. Further, induction of the ompCgene at acid external pH was dependent upon the presence of glucose as sole carbon source; growth with either glycerol or succinate as sole carbon source reduced induction of ompC at acid pH. Osmotic induc ...
... did not achieve a rate that was in balance with the growth rate. Further, induction of the ompCgene at acid external pH was dependent upon the presence of glucose as sole carbon source; growth with either glycerol or succinate as sole carbon source reduced induction of ompC at acid pH. Osmotic induc ...
c-Myc co-ordinates mRNA cap methylation and ribosomal RNA
... guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT)–RNA-activating miniprotein (RAM), the mRNA cap methyltransferase complex, completes the basic functional mRNA cap structure, cap 0, by methylating the cap guanosine. Here, we report that RNMT–RAM co-ordinates mRNA processing with ribosome production. Suppression of ...
... guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT)–RNA-activating miniprotein (RAM), the mRNA cap methyltransferase complex, completes the basic functional mRNA cap structure, cap 0, by methylating the cap guanosine. Here, we report that RNMT–RAM co-ordinates mRNA processing with ribosome production. Suppression of ...
Hox-code in Thymus Identity Ana Sofia Salvador Santos
... evolutionary developmental biology. The transcription factors Homeobox (Hox) genes are responsible for positional identity during development and are ruled out by a spatially collinear of gene expression along the AP-axis of the embryo and by phenotypic suppression by posterior genes. In this study ...
... evolutionary developmental biology. The transcription factors Homeobox (Hox) genes are responsible for positional identity during development and are ruled out by a spatially collinear of gene expression along the AP-axis of the embryo and by phenotypic suppression by posterior genes. In this study ...
Poster
... to phosphorylate many substrates. Magnesium ions are important for the binding of ATP (substrate) in the active site of GSK-3. In the presence of lithium, magnesium is unable to interact with the active site of GSK-3. The competitive inhibition between lithium and magnesium shows the direct inhibiti ...
... to phosphorylate many substrates. Magnesium ions are important for the binding of ATP (substrate) in the active site of GSK-3. In the presence of lithium, magnesium is unable to interact with the active site of GSK-3. The competitive inhibition between lithium and magnesium shows the direct inhibiti ...
Gene methylation in gastric cancer
... years of the molecular biology revolution, cancer research mainly focuses on genetic alterations, including gastric cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to ...
... years of the molecular biology revolution, cancer research mainly focuses on genetic alterations, including gastric cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to ...
Structural maintenance of chromosome complexes and bone
... ATRX.15–16 Yet, the mechanism through which cohesin localizes to regulatory elements and affects gene expression is poorly understood. During development, sets of genes are activated or suppressed according to a precise program. Changes in the higher order of chromatin can affect gene expression lev ...
... ATRX.15–16 Yet, the mechanism through which cohesin localizes to regulatory elements and affects gene expression is poorly understood. During development, sets of genes are activated or suppressed according to a precise program. Changes in the higher order of chromatin can affect gene expression lev ...
Methylation of the Factor IX Gene is the Main Source of Mutations
... 33.1% and 25.3%, respectively, which is four to five times higher than the statistically expected value, 6.25%. These two types of substitutions cause two thirds of all the point mutations and more than three fourths of transitions registered in the factor IX gene (Table 1). Reverse substitutions, i ...
... 33.1% and 25.3%, respectively, which is four to five times higher than the statistically expected value, 6.25%. These two types of substitutions cause two thirds of all the point mutations and more than three fourths of transitions registered in the factor IX gene (Table 1). Reverse substitutions, i ...
The WD40-Repeat Proteins NFC101 and NFC102
... 2001; Köhler et al., 2003; De Lucia et al., 2008). FVE was originally found to act in the autonomous flowering pathway and thus controls flowering independently of external signals (Koornneef et al., 1991). The fve mutants exhibit a late-flowering phenotype because they impair the recruitment of Rpd3-t ...
... 2001; Köhler et al., 2003; De Lucia et al., 2008). FVE was originally found to act in the autonomous flowering pathway and thus controls flowering independently of external signals (Koornneef et al., 1991). The fve mutants exhibit a late-flowering phenotype because they impair the recruitment of Rpd3-t ...
Gene Section E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... various in vitro cellular systems and in vivo animal models that have been employed in order to study E2F1 function in cancer. Excess of E2F1 may promote proliferation, but at the same time it may also enhance apoptosis, and there are examples where overexpression or lack of E2F1 has both positive a ...
... various in vitro cellular systems and in vivo animal models that have been employed in order to study E2F1 function in cancer. Excess of E2F1 may promote proliferation, but at the same time it may also enhance apoptosis, and there are examples where overexpression or lack of E2F1 has both positive a ...
Use of Recombinant Adenovirus for Metabolic Engineering of
... efficiently applied to tissues that can be surgically resected, manipulated in uitro, and replaced; these procedures may be viable for liver (Wilson et al., 1990;Ponder et al., 1991),but certainly not for inaccessible tissues such as the islets of Langerhans. DNA viruses have emerged as potentially ...
... efficiently applied to tissues that can be surgically resected, manipulated in uitro, and replaced; these procedures may be viable for liver (Wilson et al., 1990;Ponder et al., 1991),but certainly not for inaccessible tissues such as the islets of Langerhans. DNA viruses have emerged as potentially ...
non mendelian inheritance
... To predict phenotype, we must consider several factors. These include the dominant/recessive relationship of alleles, gene interactions that may affect the expression of a single trait, and the roles that sex and the environment play in influencing the individual’s phenotype. Once these factors are ...
... To predict phenotype, we must consider several factors. These include the dominant/recessive relationship of alleles, gene interactions that may affect the expression of a single trait, and the roles that sex and the environment play in influencing the individual’s phenotype. Once these factors are ...
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... activating Gtl2 transcription and its downstream non-coding RNAs. Transcription of these genes in turn suppresses expression of PEGs on the same chromosome (da Rocha et al., 2008). Gtl2 is the first maternally expressed gene downstream of the IG-DMR. The Gtl2 gene contains a well-defined TATA-contai ...
... activating Gtl2 transcription and its downstream non-coding RNAs. Transcription of these genes in turn suppresses expression of PEGs on the same chromosome (da Rocha et al., 2008). Gtl2 is the first maternally expressed gene downstream of the IG-DMR. The Gtl2 gene contains a well-defined TATA-contai ...
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... 1995; Girton and Johansen, 2008). If JIL-1 had a crucial role in promoting transcription at a majority of genes by regulating transcriptional elongation, it is difficult to envisage how lethality can be rescued to near wild-type levels in the complete absence of JIL-1 and interphase histone H3S10 ph ...
... 1995; Girton and Johansen, 2008). If JIL-1 had a crucial role in promoting transcription at a majority of genes by regulating transcriptional elongation, it is difficult to envisage how lethality can be rescued to near wild-type levels in the complete absence of JIL-1 and interphase histone H3S10 ph ...
The physics behind the larger scale organization of DNA in eukaryotes
... the nucleosome core particle (NCP). Its structure is known in great detail from high resolution x-ray crystallography [1]. It is noteworthy to mention that the histone proteins that make up the core, although existing with some variations, are remarkably well conserved between eukaryotes. An importa ...
... the nucleosome core particle (NCP). Its structure is known in great detail from high resolution x-ray crystallography [1]. It is noteworthy to mention that the histone proteins that make up the core, although existing with some variations, are remarkably well conserved between eukaryotes. An importa ...
Gill: Gene Regulation II
... Histone Code Hypothesis Histone modifications serve to recruit other proteins by specific recognition of the modified histone via protein domains specialized for such purposes, rather than through simply stabilizing or destabilizing the interaction between histone and the underlying DNA. histone mo ...
... Histone Code Hypothesis Histone modifications serve to recruit other proteins by specific recognition of the modified histone via protein domains specialized for such purposes, rather than through simply stabilizing or destabilizing the interaction between histone and the underlying DNA. histone mo ...
Selective regain of egfr gene copies in CD44+/CD24
... Increased transcription of (proto-) oncogenes is frequently caused by amplification. This has already been shown for numerous genes for example in lung [1], pancreatic [2], brain [3] and breast cancer [4]. It is still under debate if this process is the dominant cancer cause and promoter of cancer p ...
... Increased transcription of (proto-) oncogenes is frequently caused by amplification. This has already been shown for numerous genes for example in lung [1], pancreatic [2], brain [3] and breast cancer [4]. It is still under debate if this process is the dominant cancer cause and promoter of cancer p ...
The UK Stem Cell Initiative (`The Pattison Report`)
... Spending Review over the next decade to match the increase in research grants and activity. Recommendation 8: The Government should continue to ensure that regulation of stem cell research is risk-based and proportionate and does not stifle the development of the full range of safe and effective new ...
... Spending Review over the next decade to match the increase in research grants and activity. Recommendation 8: The Government should continue to ensure that regulation of stem cell research is risk-based and proportionate and does not stifle the development of the full range of safe and effective new ...
Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to stochasticity in gene expression
... Gene expression is a stochastic, or ‘‘noisy,’’ process. This noise comes about in two ways. The inherent stochasticity of biochemical processes such as transcription and translation generates ‘‘intrinsic’’ noise. In addition, fluctuations in the amounts or states of other cellular components lead in ...
... Gene expression is a stochastic, or ‘‘noisy,’’ process. This noise comes about in two ways. The inherent stochasticity of biochemical processes such as transcription and translation generates ‘‘intrinsic’’ noise. In addition, fluctuations in the amounts or states of other cellular components lead in ...
An Allele on Chromosome I Affects C. elegans Muscle Cell
... in particular, the genetic regulation that orchestrates the development of an organ from a single cell. We use an organ known as the pharynx of the microscopic worm Caenorhabditis elegans as our model in this study. Using a forward genetics approach, we are looking to identify the genes causing muta ...
... in particular, the genetic regulation that orchestrates the development of an organ from a single cell. We use an organ known as the pharynx of the microscopic worm Caenorhabditis elegans as our model in this study. Using a forward genetics approach, we are looking to identify the genes causing muta ...
Grade 9 Final Exam review
... ____ 16. During mitosis, each pair of identical DNA molecules joins together to form sister chromatids. ____ 17. New skin cells are produced through the process of mitosis. ____ 18. Budding is a type of vegetative reproduction. ____ 19. Seeds are specialized cells produced in asexual reproduction. _ ...
... ____ 16. During mitosis, each pair of identical DNA molecules joins together to form sister chromatids. ____ 17. New skin cells are produced through the process of mitosis. ____ 18. Budding is a type of vegetative reproduction. ____ 19. Seeds are specialized cells produced in asexual reproduction. _ ...
Gene Section ID4 (inhibitor of DNA binding 4, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein)
... significant risk factor for nodal metastasis (Umetani et al., 2006). In another study, BRCA1, ER (estrogen receptor), and ID4 were found expressed in breast cancer specimens from patients with invasive carcinomas. Most of the patients who expressed BRCA1 also expressed ER, but were negative for ID4, ...
... significant risk factor for nodal metastasis (Umetani et al., 2006). In another study, BRCA1, ER (estrogen receptor), and ID4 were found expressed in breast cancer specimens from patients with invasive carcinomas. Most of the patients who expressed BRCA1 also expressed ER, but were negative for ID4, ...
Genetic interaction of Lhx4 and Prop1 - Development
... Sheng et al., 1996). Both Lhx3 and Lhx4 are expressed in Rathke’s pouch. The Lhx3-deficient phenotype is similar to that of Pitx2, consisting of pouch hypoplasia and absence of most of the pituitary cell types (Sheng et al., 1996). The phenotype of Lhx4 mutants suggests a minor role for this gene re ...
... Sheng et al., 1996). Both Lhx3 and Lhx4 are expressed in Rathke’s pouch. The Lhx3-deficient phenotype is similar to that of Pitx2, consisting of pouch hypoplasia and absence of most of the pituitary cell types (Sheng et al., 1996). The phenotype of Lhx4 mutants suggests a minor role for this gene re ...
Genetic interaction of Lhx4 and Prop1
... Sheng et al., 1996). Both Lhx3 and Lhx4 are expressed in Rathke’s pouch. The Lhx3-deficient phenotype is similar to that of Pitx2, consisting of pouch hypoplasia and absence of most of the pituitary cell types (Sheng et al., 1996). The phenotype of Lhx4 mutants suggests a minor role for this gene re ...
... Sheng et al., 1996). Both Lhx3 and Lhx4 are expressed in Rathke’s pouch. The Lhx3-deficient phenotype is similar to that of Pitx2, consisting of pouch hypoplasia and absence of most of the pituitary cell types (Sheng et al., 1996). The phenotype of Lhx4 mutants suggests a minor role for this gene re ...
Reduced expression of the SHORT-ROOT gene increases the rates
... SHORT-ROOT (SHR) is a well characterized regulator of cell division and cell fate determination in the Arabidopsis primary root. However, much less is known about the functions of SHR in the aerial parts of the plant. In this work, we cloned SHR gene from Populus trichocarpa (PtSHR1) as an AtSHR ort ...
... SHORT-ROOT (SHR) is a well characterized regulator of cell division and cell fate determination in the Arabidopsis primary root. However, much less is known about the functions of SHR in the aerial parts of the plant. In this work, we cloned SHR gene from Populus trichocarpa (PtSHR1) as an AtSHR ort ...