DIFFERENT MODES OF FLUORESCENTLY LABELED
... 1Celica Biomedical Sciences Center, Stegne 21c, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and 2Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Introduction. Astrocytes, the most abundant typ ...
... 1Celica Biomedical Sciences Center, Stegne 21c, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and 2Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Introduction. Astrocytes, the most abundant typ ...
Chapter 4 - A Tour of the Cell 08-09
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Handout
... • Actin-binding proteins influence filament dynamics and organization. • Monomer availability controls actin filament assembly. • Actin-nucleating factors accelerate polymerization and generate branched or straight filaments. • Actin filament-binding proteins alter filament dynamics. • Severing ...
... • Actin-binding proteins influence filament dynamics and organization. • Monomer availability controls actin filament assembly. • Actin-nucleating factors accelerate polymerization and generate branched or straight filaments. • Actin filament-binding proteins alter filament dynamics. • Severing ...
Ammonium utilization in Bacillus subtilis: transport and regulatory
... alternative nitrogen sources such as ammonium can be used. Ammonium utilization involves the uptake of the gas or the ammonium ion, the synthesis of glutamine by the glutamine synthetase and the recycling of the glutamate by the glutamate synthase. In this work, ammonium transport in B. subtilis was ...
... alternative nitrogen sources such as ammonium can be used. Ammonium utilization involves the uptake of the gas or the ammonium ion, the synthesis of glutamine by the glutamine synthetase and the recycling of the glutamate by the glutamate synthase. In this work, ammonium transport in B. subtilis was ...
Microscopy studies on uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria
... The model of passive orientation of MB along the lines of a magnetic field combined with the active migration because of the flagella, the so-called magnetotaxis, is maintained until today. Magnetotaxis is considered an advantage in finding the optimum position in the environment because MB would ha ...
... The model of passive orientation of MB along the lines of a magnetic field combined with the active migration because of the flagella, the so-called magnetotaxis, is maintained until today. Magnetotaxis is considered an advantage in finding the optimum position in the environment because MB would ha ...
Actin Cytoskeleton in Plants: From Transport Networks to Signaling
... for indirect immunofluorescence microscopy after highpressure freeze-substitution (Ding et al., 1992; Roy et al., 1997), formaldehyde fixation (Baluška et al., 1997a; Blancaflor and Hasenstein, 1997; Vitha et al., 1997; Wasteneys et al., 1997), immunogold transmission EM (Lancelle et al., 1987; Lan ...
... for indirect immunofluorescence microscopy after highpressure freeze-substitution (Ding et al., 1992; Roy et al., 1997), formaldehyde fixation (Baluška et al., 1997a; Blancaflor and Hasenstein, 1997; Vitha et al., 1997; Wasteneys et al., 1997), immunogold transmission EM (Lancelle et al., 1987; Lan ...
Specialization of Oleosins in Oil Body Dynamics
... (Supplemental Fig. S2C). In contrast, the total fatty acid content appeared more susceptible to a deficiency in one or more oleosins, as in all cases it was decreased compared with the wild type (Supplemental Fig. S2B). ...
... (Supplemental Fig. S2C). In contrast, the total fatty acid content appeared more susceptible to a deficiency in one or more oleosins, as in all cases it was decreased compared with the wild type (Supplemental Fig. S2B). ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans and its
... electron transparent inner layer of the wall (thin black and white arrow) is made mainly of polysaccharides (b-glucans and chitin) and small amounts of proteins. The electron-dense outer layer (thick black arrow) is built mostly of different types of mannoproteins. (b) Scheme of the cell wall. b-1,3 ...
... electron transparent inner layer of the wall (thin black and white arrow) is made mainly of polysaccharides (b-glucans and chitin) and small amounts of proteins. The electron-dense outer layer (thick black arrow) is built mostly of different types of mannoproteins. (b) Scheme of the cell wall. b-1,3 ...
Ways of Ion Channel Gating in Plant Cells
... extracellular signals (Braun and Walker, 1996; Trewavas and Malho, 1997). PCR, advanced homology-based cloning and function-complementation techniques have already led to identi®cation of more than 70 plant protein kinase genes (Stone and Walker, 1995). However, the precise function of speci®c prote ...
... extracellular signals (Braun and Walker, 1996; Trewavas and Malho, 1997). PCR, advanced homology-based cloning and function-complementation techniques have already led to identi®cation of more than 70 plant protein kinase genes (Stone and Walker, 1995). However, the precise function of speci®c prote ...
Plasma Lipoproteins
... The chylomicron remnant-, IDL-, and LDLderived cholesterol affects cellular cholesterol content in several ways. First, HMG CoA reductase is inhibited by high cholesterol, as a result of which, de novo cholesterol synthesis decreases. Second, synthesis of new LDL receptor protein is reduced by decre ...
... The chylomicron remnant-, IDL-, and LDLderived cholesterol affects cellular cholesterol content in several ways. First, HMG CoA reductase is inhibited by high cholesterol, as a result of which, de novo cholesterol synthesis decreases. Second, synthesis of new LDL receptor protein is reduced by decre ...
Protists Cells: Grow and Develop:
... organelles to take in gas or get rid of waste. They rely on simple diffusion, the movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diffusion only works if you’re really small, so most Protists are limited to being small single cells. Plus if they are too larg ...
... organelles to take in gas or get rid of waste. They rely on simple diffusion, the movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diffusion only works if you’re really small, so most Protists are limited to being small single cells. Plus if they are too larg ...
Biogenesis and multifaceted roles of outer membrane
... found to release spherical membrane-bound vesicles which were produced by pinching off of the OM (Chatterjee & Das, 1967). It was also observed that the density of some granular material was higher near the site where the ‘pinching off’ event was taking place on the OM, and some granules were enteri ...
... found to release spherical membrane-bound vesicles which were produced by pinching off of the OM (Chatterjee & Das, 1967). It was also observed that the density of some granular material was higher near the site where the ‘pinching off’ event was taking place on the OM, and some granules were enteri ...
Asymmetric cell division and axis formation in the embryo
... In C. elegans, formation of the AP axis is initiated after fertilization, which takes place when a mature oocyte traverses the spermatheca and encounters a sperm cell. The newly fertilized zygote then moves into the uterus where the remainder of early embryogenesis takes place. In wild-type animals, ...
... In C. elegans, formation of the AP axis is initiated after fertilization, which takes place when a mature oocyte traverses the spermatheca and encounters a sperm cell. The newly fertilized zygote then moves into the uterus where the remainder of early embryogenesis takes place. In wild-type animals, ...
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... the ER to the default destinations. In the Golgi, cargo and membrane molecules are sorted between PM/apoplast and tonoplast/vacuole lumen that collectively form the late secretion pathway (LSP) [47]. At each step of their transport, proteins can be turned back from their forward route by reverse (re ...
... the ER to the default destinations. In the Golgi, cargo and membrane molecules are sorted between PM/apoplast and tonoplast/vacuole lumen that collectively form the late secretion pathway (LSP) [47]. At each step of their transport, proteins can be turned back from their forward route by reverse (re ...
Chara Myosin and the Energy of Cytoplasmic Streaming
... endoplasmic reticulum meshwork to produce bulk flow of water (Nothnagel and Webb 1982). Recently, it was found that the myosin responsible for the streaming in Chara corallina has very high ATPase activity and the activity is 410 times higher than that of skeletal muscle myosin (Ito et al. 2003). Th ...
... endoplasmic reticulum meshwork to produce bulk flow of water (Nothnagel and Webb 1982). Recently, it was found that the myosin responsible for the streaming in Chara corallina has very high ATPase activity and the activity is 410 times higher than that of skeletal muscle myosin (Ito et al. 2003). Th ...
Tubular reabsorption
... Sodium is reabsorbed throughout the tubule with the exception of the descending limb of the loop of Henle Of the Na+ reabsorbed, on average • 67% in the proximal tubule (Plays an important role in the reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, water, chloride ions, and urea) • 25% in the loop of Henl ...
... Sodium is reabsorbed throughout the tubule with the exception of the descending limb of the loop of Henle Of the Na+ reabsorbed, on average • 67% in the proximal tubule (Plays an important role in the reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, water, chloride ions, and urea) • 25% in the loop of Henl ...
The cell walls of streptococci
... The methods developed by Salton (1953)made possible the study of the cell-wall composition as a relatively simple procedure and recent work by others has suggested that cell-wall composition may be of use in classifying streptococci (Roberts & Stewart, 1961 ; Slade & Slamp, 1962). As part of a gener ...
... The methods developed by Salton (1953)made possible the study of the cell-wall composition as a relatively simple procedure and recent work by others has suggested that cell-wall composition may be of use in classifying streptococci (Roberts & Stewart, 1961 ; Slade & Slamp, 1962). As part of a gener ...
Effect of n-butanol and cold pretreatment on the cytoskeleton and
... technique reduces the time needed for the development of new, improved varieties. Developing microspores of higher plants possess the ability to switch their default gametophytic developmental program to the sporophytic pathway under certain circumstances. This process, called androgenesis can be in ...
... technique reduces the time needed for the development of new, improved varieties. Developing microspores of higher plants possess the ability to switch their default gametophytic developmental program to the sporophytic pathway under certain circumstances. This process, called androgenesis can be in ...
Biochemical bases of appearance and texture changes in fresh
... endoplasmic reticulum (Hrazdina and Wagner, 1985). The proteins involved with their synthesis are either incorporated into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or are loosely associated with it (Hrazdina and Wagner, 1985). Once formed, these compounds are glycosylated and then are extruded within tran ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (Hrazdina and Wagner, 1985). The proteins involved with their synthesis are either incorporated into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or are loosely associated with it (Hrazdina and Wagner, 1985). Once formed, these compounds are glycosylated and then are extruded within tran ...
The ATP synthase is involved in generating mitochondrial cristae
... and DTIM11 mutant cells grew using lactate as carbon source either at 28 or 37°C, thus indicating that they were able to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. However, they had generation times longer than that of the wild-type strain. Indeed, 40% of DATP20 and DTIM11 mutant cells spontaneousl ...
... and DTIM11 mutant cells grew using lactate as carbon source either at 28 or 37°C, thus indicating that they were able to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. However, they had generation times longer than that of the wild-type strain. Indeed, 40% of DATP20 and DTIM11 mutant cells spontaneousl ...
Coordination of peptidoglycan synthesis and outer membrane
... around the middle of the cell. This brings the membrane and cell wall on each side together to a ‘pinch-point’ until the two halves of the cell have been separated. This process must be carefully controlled to ensure that the cell does not burst open at any point. Some bacteria known as ‘Gram-negati ...
... around the middle of the cell. This brings the membrane and cell wall on each side together to a ‘pinch-point’ until the two halves of the cell have been separated. This process must be carefully controlled to ensure that the cell does not burst open at any point. Some bacteria known as ‘Gram-negati ...
Application of the photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 to disinfection and
... sites (oxidizing sites)(7) as illustrated in the following figure. ...
... sites (oxidizing sites)(7) as illustrated in the following figure. ...
Progress in understanding the role of microtubules in plant cells
... function in plant cells. Since their first clear description in 1963 in a publication by Ledbetter and Porter [1], in which the term ‘microtubule’ was first coined, the question of how and not whether microtubules control the orientation of cellulose microfibrils has been the central focus of most s ...
... function in plant cells. Since their first clear description in 1963 in a publication by Ledbetter and Porter [1], in which the term ‘microtubule’ was first coined, the question of how and not whether microtubules control the orientation of cellulose microfibrils has been the central focus of most s ...
Influence of bile acids on the adsorption of lidocaine and verapamil
... the bile acids on the transfer of lidocaine from an aqueous phase to chloroform (model of cell membrane) if the bile acids were present in the organic phase (pretreatment model).9 In the mechanism of the promotive action of bile acids on the transport of drugs through the cell membrane, their intera ...
... the bile acids on the transfer of lidocaine from an aqueous phase to chloroform (model of cell membrane) if the bile acids were present in the organic phase (pretreatment model).9 In the mechanism of the promotive action of bile acids on the transport of drugs through the cell membrane, their intera ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.