Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Current Opinion in Plant Biology
... of genome sequences for some of the most important plant pathogenic oomycetes, including Pythium [5], Phytophthora [6-8], Albugo [9,10], and Hyaloperonospora [11] species have significantly advanced the field by enabling the cataloguing of putative effectors. These genome-wide repertoires revealed u ...
... of genome sequences for some of the most important plant pathogenic oomycetes, including Pythium [5], Phytophthora [6-8], Albugo [9,10], and Hyaloperonospora [11] species have significantly advanced the field by enabling the cataloguing of putative effectors. These genome-wide repertoires revealed u ...
The Lyn kinase C-lobe mediates Golgi export of Lyn through
... negative-regulatory tyrosine residue (Y), and the HA and GST tags are indicated. (B)Triton X-100 lysates prepared from HeLa cells were used for pulldown experiments with GST, GST-C-lobe or GST-C-lobe-mt, and proteins pulled down after incubation for 2 hours at 4°C were stained with Coomassie brilli ...
... negative-regulatory tyrosine residue (Y), and the HA and GST tags are indicated. (B)Triton X-100 lysates prepared from HeLa cells were used for pulldown experiments with GST, GST-C-lobe or GST-C-lobe-mt, and proteins pulled down after incubation for 2 hours at 4°C were stained with Coomassie brilli ...
video slide
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Diacylglycerol kinases - University of Toronto Mississauga
... well. Finally, DGKa can be phosphorylated by several protein kinases including some PKC isoforms [64,65] and Src kinase [66], which may further enhance its DAG kinase activity. Thus, numerous events are required to fully activate DGKa, combinations of which can fine-tune its activity to the appropri ...
... well. Finally, DGKa can be phosphorylated by several protein kinases including some PKC isoforms [64,65] and Src kinase [66], which may further enhance its DAG kinase activity. Thus, numerous events are required to fully activate DGKa, combinations of which can fine-tune its activity to the appropri ...
H ydrop hobicity-hydrop hilicity of staphylococci
... hydrocarbon phases. S. aureus was typically hydrophobic, and to a greater degree in stationary- than in exponential-phase cultures. Mutants that lacked teichoic acid, protein A or coagulase production were hydrophobic, indicating that none of these factors was responsible for hydrophobicity. The pre ...
... hydrocarbon phases. S. aureus was typically hydrophobic, and to a greater degree in stationary- than in exponential-phase cultures. Mutants that lacked teichoic acid, protein A or coagulase production were hydrophobic, indicating that none of these factors was responsible for hydrophobicity. The pre ...
Slam and germ cell migration - Development
... Doren et al., 1998b). Although Hmgcr mutants have consistent and fully penetrant germ cell migration defects, some germ cells do enter the mesoderm, associate with SGPs and migrate correctly to the gonad. This suggests that additional germ cell guidance factors direct germ cells from the midgut to t ...
... Doren et al., 1998b). Although Hmgcr mutants have consistent and fully penetrant germ cell migration defects, some germ cells do enter the mesoderm, associate with SGPs and migrate correctly to the gonad. This suggests that additional germ cell guidance factors direct germ cells from the midgut to t ...
Biofuel cells and their development - ePrints Soton
... offer cost advantages over metallic catalysts, although this is not likely to be the case until the consumption of the enzyme is sufficient to merit large scale production. Widespread usage of a biocatalyst would however tend to lower the cost of producing it, while this is not true of transition me ...
... offer cost advantages over metallic catalysts, although this is not likely to be the case until the consumption of the enzyme is sufficient to merit large scale production. Widespread usage of a biocatalyst would however tend to lower the cost of producing it, while this is not true of transition me ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized Amyloid β
... To demonstrate that the export did not result from rupture of the microsomal membranes, the release of the ER-resident chaperone BiP was determined. BiP was not released into the supernatant (Figure 2A, lower panel). In contrast, more than 90% of BiP was released into the supernatant when the micros ...
... To demonstrate that the export did not result from rupture of the microsomal membranes, the release of the ER-resident chaperone BiP was determined. BiP was not released into the supernatant (Figure 2A, lower panel). In contrast, more than 90% of BiP was released into the supernatant when the micros ...
ZO-3, a Novel Member of the MAGUK Protein Family Found at the
... that ZO-1 binds to occludin (15) and the Ras target AF-6 (47). Additional observations suggest that ZO-1 has the capacity to bind spectrin (15, 20), although localization of this cytoskeletal protein to the tight junction has not been documented. These observations, together with the protein-bindin ...
... that ZO-1 binds to occludin (15) and the Ras target AF-6 (47). Additional observations suggest that ZO-1 has the capacity to bind spectrin (15, 20), although localization of this cytoskeletal protein to the tight junction has not been documented. These observations, together with the protein-bindin ...
Recent advances in renal tubular calcium reabsorption
... characterized by renal Ca2þ wasting as a result of reduced Ca2þ reabsorption in DCTs, accompanied by polyuria and reduced urinary pH [46]. Nijenhuis et al. [17] showed that chronic treatment with a relatively low dose of hydrochlorothiazide results in a strong reduction of urinary Ca2þ excretion i ...
... characterized by renal Ca2þ wasting as a result of reduced Ca2þ reabsorption in DCTs, accompanied by polyuria and reduced urinary pH [46]. Nijenhuis et al. [17] showed that chronic treatment with a relatively low dose of hydrochlorothiazide results in a strong reduction of urinary Ca2þ excretion i ...
REVISIT ANATOMY OF EAR THE EXTERNAL EAR PINNA cont.
... Superior tympani (middle meningeal artery) and petrosal branch Posterior tympani (posterior auricular artery) Inferior tympanic (ascending Ph artery) Tympanic branch from artery of pterygoid canal. Coticotympanic from ...
... Superior tympani (middle meningeal artery) and petrosal branch Posterior tympani (posterior auricular artery) Inferior tympanic (ascending Ph artery) Tympanic branch from artery of pterygoid canal. Coticotympanic from ...
Characterization and Biological Activities of Ocellatin Peptides from
... ocellatin-PT3, compared to all the Leptodactylus genus peptides described to date is the presence of the aromatic amino acid Phe3 instead of Leu or Val, although this is a conservative change because all those amino acids are nonpolar (hydrophobic). Three-dimensional structural model predictions of ...
... ocellatin-PT3, compared to all the Leptodactylus genus peptides described to date is the presence of the aromatic amino acid Phe3 instead of Leu or Val, although this is a conservative change because all those amino acids are nonpolar (hydrophobic). Three-dimensional structural model predictions of ...
1 Cell wall integrity controls root elongation via ACC Corresponding
... trichoblasts (Fig. 1b). To analyse more acute effects of cellulose biosynthesis inhibition, we used a simple proxy for the complex spatial variation of elongation rates along the root. The length of the first epidermal cell with a visible root hair bulge (LEH, Fig, 1C) (Le et al., 2001; De Cnodder e ...
... trichoblasts (Fig. 1b). To analyse more acute effects of cellulose biosynthesis inhibition, we used a simple proxy for the complex spatial variation of elongation rates along the root. The length of the first epidermal cell with a visible root hair bulge (LEH, Fig, 1C) (Le et al., 2001; De Cnodder e ...
Interactions of liposomes and lipid-based carrier systems with blood
... large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), however, a convenient method was required to rapidly isolate LUVs from plasma / serum incubation mixtures in vitro; or from whole blood isolated from liposome-treated mice. To this end, we introduced a ‘spin-column’ procedure that enabled the rapid isolation of LUV ...
... large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), however, a convenient method was required to rapidly isolate LUVs from plasma / serum incubation mixtures in vitro; or from whole blood isolated from liposome-treated mice. To this end, we introduced a ‘spin-column’ procedure that enabled the rapid isolation of LUV ...
Plant Oligosaccharides – Outsiders among Elicitors?
... It has been more than 40 years since the discovery of the biological activity of oligosaccharide fragments of plant cell wall polysaccharides [1, 2]. Identification of the regulatory role of these compounds was associated with the study of the interaction of plants with pathogens. The cell wall poly ...
... It has been more than 40 years since the discovery of the biological activity of oligosaccharide fragments of plant cell wall polysaccharides [1, 2]. Identification of the regulatory role of these compounds was associated with the study of the interaction of plants with pathogens. The cell wall poly ...
Protein targeting, translocation and Escherichia coli Proteomic analysis of substrate-pathway relationships
... cellular compartments. Biological membranes consist of a mixture of lipids and proteins. Membrane lipids assemble into bilayers, illustrated in Figure 1a. A bilayer functions as a permeability barrier that prevents leakage and enables different chemical environments to exist on each side of the memb ...
... cellular compartments. Biological membranes consist of a mixture of lipids and proteins. Membrane lipids assemble into bilayers, illustrated in Figure 1a. A bilayer functions as a permeability barrier that prevents leakage and enables different chemical environments to exist on each side of the memb ...
Receptor-mediated sorting of soluble vacuolar proteins: myths, facts
... To prevent their being released to the cell exterior, acid hydrolases are recognized by receptors at some point in the secretory pathway and diverted towards the lytic compartment of the cell (lysosome or vacuole). In animal cells, the receptor is called the mannosyl 6-phosphate receptor (MPR) and i ...
... To prevent their being released to the cell exterior, acid hydrolases are recognized by receptors at some point in the secretory pathway and diverted towards the lytic compartment of the cell (lysosome or vacuole). In animal cells, the receptor is called the mannosyl 6-phosphate receptor (MPR) and i ...
Lysosomes and Fas-mediated liver cell death
... originating from controls and from animals injected with aFas. If lysosomes are involved in apoptosis after injection of aFas, one would expect that lysosomal enzymes would be released into the cytosol as a result of the injection and that an increase in the proportion of unsedimentable lysosomal hy ...
... originating from controls and from animals injected with aFas. If lysosomes are involved in apoptosis after injection of aFas, one would expect that lysosomal enzymes would be released into the cytosol as a result of the injection and that an increase in the proportion of unsedimentable lysosomal hy ...
The Membrane Steps of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis as Antibiotic
... Received: 19 June 2016; Accepted: 19 August 2016; Published: 26 August 2016 ...
... Received: 19 June 2016; Accepted: 19 August 2016; Published: 26 August 2016 ...
Articulins and epiplasmins - Journal of Cell Science
... Each of these three filamentous systems is composed of a distinct class of cytoskeletal proteins and their associated proteins. Microfilaments are made of actin, microtubules of tubulins and the intermediate filaments of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. IF proteins show the greatest diversity, a ...
... Each of these three filamentous systems is composed of a distinct class of cytoskeletal proteins and their associated proteins. Microfilaments are made of actin, microtubules of tubulins and the intermediate filaments of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. IF proteins show the greatest diversity, a ...
Size, shape, and arrangement of native cellulose fibrils in maize cell
... terms, the cellulose elementary fibril (CEF) as the nascent fibril synthesized by the cellulose synthase rosettes, and the macrofibril as a bundle of CEFs, both contain only cellulose. The microfibril as a morphological unit often observed by microscopy may contain a single CEF or a small macrofibri ...
... terms, the cellulose elementary fibril (CEF) as the nascent fibril synthesized by the cellulose synthase rosettes, and the macrofibril as a bundle of CEFs, both contain only cellulose. The microfibril as a morphological unit often observed by microscopy may contain a single CEF or a small macrofibri ...
The role of Arabidopsis CRK5 protein kinase in the regulation of root
... In order to determine the function of CRK5 kinase, we have first identified two T-DNA insertion mutations in the CRK5 gene using a PCR-based screening approach. By qRT-PCR measurement of transcription of mutant alleles, we verified that one of these, crk5-1, corresponded to a null mutation. Examinat ...
... In order to determine the function of CRK5 kinase, we have first identified two T-DNA insertion mutations in the CRK5 gene using a PCR-based screening approach. By qRT-PCR measurement of transcription of mutant alleles, we verified that one of these, crk5-1, corresponded to a null mutation. Examinat ...
Direct interaction of FtsZ and MreB is required for septum synthesis
... studies of Caulobacter crescentus, indicating that MreB forms ring-like structures at mid-cell that colocalise with the Z rings (Figge et al, 2004). In E. coli, MreB also localises as bands or rings, often positioned at mid-cell in pre-divisional cells (Vats and Rothfield, 2007; Vats et al, 2009). Ho ...
... studies of Caulobacter crescentus, indicating that MreB forms ring-like structures at mid-cell that colocalise with the Z rings (Figge et al, 2004). In E. coli, MreB also localises as bands or rings, often positioned at mid-cell in pre-divisional cells (Vats and Rothfield, 2007; Vats et al, 2009). Ho ...
MICROSCOPIC AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES ON
... microscopy (TEM) was used to image extracellular vesicles from different sources. Because of their small size, 30-500 nm, examination of extracellular vesicles requires high resolution from research equipment. The results obtained in this study show that transmission electron microscopy and confocal ...
... microscopy (TEM) was used to image extracellular vesicles from different sources. Because of their small size, 30-500 nm, examination of extracellular vesicles requires high resolution from research equipment. The results obtained in this study show that transmission electron microscopy and confocal ...
REVISIT ANATOMY OF EAR THE EXTERNAL EAR PINNA cont.
... Superior tympani (middle meningeal artery) and petrosal branch Posterior tympani (posterior auricular artery) Inferior tympanic (ascending Ph artery) Tympanic branch from artery of pterygoid canal.Coticotympanic from ...
... Superior tympani (middle meningeal artery) and petrosal branch Posterior tympani (posterior auricular artery) Inferior tympanic (ascending Ph artery) Tympanic branch from artery of pterygoid canal.Coticotympanic from ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.