THE DYNAMIN SUPERFAMILY: UNIVERSAL MEMBRANE
... GED of Dlps as a PH domain, but this region in A. thaliana ADL2 binds specifically to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P)30 and might, in fact, be a PH domain. Lipid binding does not exclude the possibility that this domain is also involved in protein–protein interactions. Given the absence ...
... GED of Dlps as a PH domain, but this region in A. thaliana ADL2 binds specifically to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P)30 and might, in fact, be a PH domain. Lipid binding does not exclude the possibility that this domain is also involved in protein–protein interactions. Given the absence ...
Ion Changes in Legume Root Hairs Responding to Nod
... seconds following the addition of EGTA. Correspondingly, the application of Ca2⫹ to the bathing medium caused a rapid increase in the signal. The rapidity of these secondary responses, together with the realization that intact plasma membranes are not freely permeable to either EGTA or Ca2⫹, lends s ...
... seconds following the addition of EGTA. Correspondingly, the application of Ca2⫹ to the bathing medium caused a rapid increase in the signal. The rapidity of these secondary responses, together with the realization that intact plasma membranes are not freely permeable to either EGTA or Ca2⫹, lends s ...
Assembling the Presynaptic Active Zone: A Characterization of an
... 30 min after the initial axodendritic contact (VardinonFriedman et al., 2000; see also Ahmari et al., 2000). In contrast, the recruitment of glutamate receptors, presumably to the postsynaptic compartment, seems to be delayed on average by another 40 min (VardinonFriedman et al., 2000). These studie ...
... 30 min after the initial axodendritic contact (VardinonFriedman et al., 2000; see also Ahmari et al., 2000). In contrast, the recruitment of glutamate receptors, presumably to the postsynaptic compartment, seems to be delayed on average by another 40 min (VardinonFriedman et al., 2000). These studie ...
Boundless Study Slides
... here via scanning electron microscopy. S. aureus is the main cause of hospital-acquired infections. (b) Hawaiian bobtail squid have a symbiotic relationship with the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The luminescence makes it difficult to see the squid from below because it effectively elimin ...
... here via scanning electron microscopy. S. aureus is the main cause of hospital-acquired infections. (b) Hawaiian bobtail squid have a symbiotic relationship with the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The luminescence makes it difficult to see the squid from below because it effectively elimin ...
Comparative Cell Biology and Evolution of Annexins in Diplomonads
... across diplomonads, with members showing sequence diversity similar to that seen across kingdom-level groups such as plants and animals. S. salmonicida annexins are prominent components of the cytoskeleton and membrane. Two annexins are associated with a previously unrecognized structure in the ante ...
... across diplomonads, with members showing sequence diversity similar to that seen across kingdom-level groups such as plants and animals. S. salmonicida annexins are prominent components of the cytoskeleton and membrane. Two annexins are associated with a previously unrecognized structure in the ante ...
Membrane immersion allows rhomboid proteases to achieve
... Wolfe et al., 1999). Homologous signal peptide peptidases function in immunity by liberating signaling domains of TNFα and FasL (Fluhrer et al., 2006; Friedmann et al., 2006; Kirkin et al., 2007). Site-2 proteases are metalloenzymes that release transcription factors from the membrane to regulate me ...
... Wolfe et al., 1999). Homologous signal peptide peptidases function in immunity by liberating signaling domains of TNFα and FasL (Fluhrer et al., 2006; Friedmann et al., 2006; Kirkin et al., 2007). Site-2 proteases are metalloenzymes that release transcription factors from the membrane to regulate me ...
Intraflagellar transport molecules in ciliary and nonciliary cells of the
... 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal protein extracts, which implied that these antibodies are monospecific ...
... 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal protein extracts, which implied that these antibodies are monospecific ...
Leaf growth in grasses is determined by the cell division and
... Fricke and Peters 2002). Normally, under saline conditions, low osmotic potentials of the soil solution induce water deficit in plant tissues and, as a consequence, cell turgor pressure decreases. However, the lack of a negative effect in some locations of the growing zone may derive from a suffici ...
... Fricke and Peters 2002). Normally, under saline conditions, low osmotic potentials of the soil solution induce water deficit in plant tissues and, as a consequence, cell turgor pressure decreases. However, the lack of a negative effect in some locations of the growing zone may derive from a suffici ...
epithelial cell - David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
... - Junctions – the structures that attach the cells to each other. There are different types of junctions between epithelial cells. - The basement membrane – a layer of connective tissue that epithelia rest on. (This is a very important structure.) - Exocrine glands – structures that secrete somethin ...
... - Junctions – the structures that attach the cells to each other. There are different types of junctions between epithelial cells. - The basement membrane – a layer of connective tissue that epithelia rest on. (This is a very important structure.) - Exocrine glands – structures that secrete somethin ...
Bacterial Growth and Cell Division: a Mycobacterial Perspective
... factor), sulfolipids specific to M. tuberculosis, and the phosphatidylinositol mannosides. In slow-growing, pathogenic mycobacteria, such as M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the LAMs are capped at the terminal -Ara residue with mannose residues and are referred to as ManLAMs (68, 69, 301, 324), where ...
... factor), sulfolipids specific to M. tuberculosis, and the phosphatidylinositol mannosides. In slow-growing, pathogenic mycobacteria, such as M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the LAMs are capped at the terminal -Ara residue with mannose residues and are referred to as ManLAMs (68, 69, 301, 324), where ...
Protozoa - Dr Magrann
... Of scientific and economic importance. Many free-living forms – marine. Most microscopic - ~5 – 20 um (but some new spp 0.5 – 2um). Since unicellular, each cell must do all basic functions multi-cellular organisms do. ...
... Of scientific and economic importance. Many free-living forms – marine. Most microscopic - ~5 – 20 um (but some new spp 0.5 – 2um). Since unicellular, each cell must do all basic functions multi-cellular organisms do. ...
The Type B Phosphatidylinositol-4-Phosphate 5
... 5-kinases, including amino acid sequences deduced from putative and uncharacterized genes, can be classified into types A and B (Mueller-Roeber and Pical, 2002). The smaller type A enzymes (isoforms 10 and 11) exhibit a domain structure similar to that of animal and human PI4P 5-kinases, whereas typ ...
... 5-kinases, including amino acid sequences deduced from putative and uncharacterized genes, can be classified into types A and B (Mueller-Roeber and Pical, 2002). The smaller type A enzymes (isoforms 10 and 11) exhibit a domain structure similar to that of animal and human PI4P 5-kinases, whereas typ ...
The Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting Pathway: A Historical
... When I discussed the idea of analyzing the targeting of prApe1 with Scott Emr, however, he was not interested. After all, even if the details of the process were slightly unusual, we were still talking about the characterization of another vacuolar hydrolase that transits through a portion of the se ...
... When I discussed the idea of analyzing the targeting of prApe1 with Scott Emr, however, he was not interested. After all, even if the details of the process were slightly unusual, we were still talking about the characterization of another vacuolar hydrolase that transits through a portion of the se ...
CONTRIBUTION OF DYSFERLIN-CONTAINING
... degeneration and regeneration, infiltration of immune cells, fibrosis, and fatty infiltrate within the muscle; all of which compromise muscle function [1]. Patients with muscular dystrophy typically succumb to respiratory failure as a result of impaired diaphram function or cardiac failure [2]. Prot ...
... degeneration and regeneration, infiltration of immune cells, fibrosis, and fatty infiltrate within the muscle; all of which compromise muscle function [1]. Patients with muscular dystrophy typically succumb to respiratory failure as a result of impaired diaphram function or cardiac failure [2]. Prot ...
Vacuolar transporters and their essential role in plant metabolism
... exhibit different functions, as it has been shown that even in a single cell distinct types of vacuoles may occur. This is the case for Mimosa pudica motor cells, which contain one vacuole which stores large amounts of tannins, and a second vacuole lacking these compounds, but exhibiting a far highe ...
... exhibit different functions, as it has been shown that even in a single cell distinct types of vacuoles may occur. This is the case for Mimosa pudica motor cells, which contain one vacuole which stores large amounts of tannins, and a second vacuole lacking these compounds, but exhibiting a far highe ...
Developmental Changes in the Subcellular Localization of Calretinin
... One of the most characteristic features of neurons is the degree to which specific functions are localized. The subcellular location of particular molecules within a neuron determines the contributions that these molecules can make to the overall function of the cell (Rosenmund et al., 1994; Steward ...
... One of the most characteristic features of neurons is the degree to which specific functions are localized. The subcellular location of particular molecules within a neuron determines the contributions that these molecules can make to the overall function of the cell (Rosenmund et al., 1994; Steward ...
Subcellular localization of peroxidase in tomato fruit skin and the
... Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) is an oxidoreductase that is known to catalyse the oxidation of numerous substrates through the associated reduction of hydrogen peroxide (Dawson, 1988; Wallace and Fry, 1999). Given the ubiquitous presence of peroxidase throughout nature (VaÂmos-VigyaÂzoÂ, 1981) and the num ...
... Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) is an oxidoreductase that is known to catalyse the oxidation of numerous substrates through the associated reduction of hydrogen peroxide (Dawson, 1988; Wallace and Fry, 1999). Given the ubiquitous presence of peroxidase throughout nature (VaÂmos-VigyaÂzoÂ, 1981) and the num ...
What Does the Microsporidian E. cuniculi Tell Us About the Origin of
... approaching the size of a minimal eukaryotic cell. To understand the differences between minimal cells of Eukarya and Bacteria, we need to characterize the set of proteins in E. cuniculi that is unique to the eukaryotes but absent from other cellular domains. Previously, we collected a set of protein ...
... approaching the size of a minimal eukaryotic cell. To understand the differences between minimal cells of Eukarya and Bacteria, we need to characterize the set of proteins in E. cuniculi that is unique to the eukaryotes but absent from other cellular domains. Previously, we collected a set of protein ...
Storage lipids of yeasts: a survey of nonpolar lipid metabolism in
... (Fei et al., 2011a, b; Grillitsch et al., 2011). Most of these LD proteins play an important role in lipid metabolism and homeostasis. However, LD were also discussed to contribute to other cellular functions such as storage and degradation of protein aggregates (Fujimoto et al., 2008). Under certai ...
... (Fei et al., 2011a, b; Grillitsch et al., 2011). Most of these LD proteins play an important role in lipid metabolism and homeostasis. However, LD were also discussed to contribute to other cellular functions such as storage and degradation of protein aggregates (Fujimoto et al., 2008). Under certai ...
Signals from the lysosome: a control centre for cellular clearance
... mainly through endocytosis. The capture of extra cellular material and integral membrane proteins occurs through specific endocytic mechanisms according to the nature of the cargo. Prominent examples of endocytosis are phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolin-mediated ...
... mainly through endocytosis. The capture of extra cellular material and integral membrane proteins occurs through specific endocytic mechanisms according to the nature of the cargo. Prominent examples of endocytosis are phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolin-mediated ...
Plant immune and growth receptors share common signalling
... hetero-oligomers (Kusumi et al., 2011), e.g. FLS2- or BRI1-SERK3/BAK1 complexes. In plants, the cell wall has additional influence on the PM organisation and dynamics (Martinière et al., 2012). As a consequence, lateral mobility and distribution of lipids and proteins within the PM is highly hetero ...
... hetero-oligomers (Kusumi et al., 2011), e.g. FLS2- or BRI1-SERK3/BAK1 complexes. In plants, the cell wall has additional influence on the PM organisation and dynamics (Martinière et al., 2012). As a consequence, lateral mobility and distribution of lipids and proteins within the PM is highly hetero ...
Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... Acidocalcisomes are acidic electron-dense organelles, rich in polyphosphate (poly P) complexed with calcium and other cations. While its matrix contains enzymes related to poly P metabolism, the membrane of the acidocalcisomes has a number of pumps (Ca2þ-ATPase, V-Hþ-ATPase, Hþ-PPase), exchangers (N ...
... Acidocalcisomes are acidic electron-dense organelles, rich in polyphosphate (poly P) complexed with calcium and other cations. While its matrix contains enzymes related to poly P metabolism, the membrane of the acidocalcisomes has a number of pumps (Ca2þ-ATPase, V-Hþ-ATPase, Hþ-PPase), exchangers (N ...
Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... Acidocalcisomes are acidic electron-dense organelles, rich in polyphosphate (poly P) complexed with calcium and other cations. While its matrix contains enzymes related to poly P metabolism, the membrane of the acidocalcisomes has a number of pumps (Ca2þ-ATPase, V-Hþ-ATPase, Hþ-PPase), exchangers (N ...
... Acidocalcisomes are acidic electron-dense organelles, rich in polyphosphate (poly P) complexed with calcium and other cations. While its matrix contains enzymes related to poly P metabolism, the membrane of the acidocalcisomes has a number of pumps (Ca2þ-ATPase, V-Hþ-ATPase, Hþ-PPase), exchangers (N ...
File
... Membranes and Ligaments of Larynx Thyrohyoid membrane: connects upper margin of thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone. In the midline it is thickened to form median thyrohyoid ligament. It is pierced on each side by superior laryngeal vessels and internal laryngeal nerve. Cricotracheal ligament: connects ...
... Membranes and Ligaments of Larynx Thyrohyoid membrane: connects upper margin of thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone. In the midline it is thickened to form median thyrohyoid ligament. It is pierced on each side by superior laryngeal vessels and internal laryngeal nerve. Cricotracheal ligament: connects ...
Maxillary Sinus (Antrum of Higmore)
... The maxillary sinus may have septa that partially divide it into intercommunicating compartments with separate ostia may be found. The average capacity of the maxillary sinus is about 15 ml. and its average dimensions in centimeters are 2.3 transversely, 3.4 anteroposteriorly and 3.35 vertically ...
... The maxillary sinus may have septa that partially divide it into intercommunicating compartments with separate ostia may be found. The average capacity of the maxillary sinus is about 15 ml. and its average dimensions in centimeters are 2.3 transversely, 3.4 anteroposteriorly and 3.35 vertically ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.