Taipoxin induces synaptic vesicle exocytosis and disrupts the
... nerve terminal swelling induced by α-Ltx as a consequence of stimulation of massive exocytosis paralleled by impairment of endocytosis (Ceccarelli and Hurlbut, 1980; Valtorta et al., 1988; Pennuto et al., 2002). However, whereas α-Ltx was able to induce nerve terminal swelling when applied in the ab ...
... nerve terminal swelling induced by α-Ltx as a consequence of stimulation of massive exocytosis paralleled by impairment of endocytosis (Ceccarelli and Hurlbut, 1980; Valtorta et al., 1988; Pennuto et al., 2002). However, whereas α-Ltx was able to induce nerve terminal swelling when applied in the ab ...
Gastrulation: Making and Shaping Germ Layers
... their subsequent patterning and diversification of cell fates along the embryonic axes. These processes occur very early during development when most embryos consist of a relatively small number of morphologically similar cells arranged in simple structures, such as cell balls or sheets, which can be ...
... their subsequent patterning and diversification of cell fates along the embryonic axes. These processes occur very early during development when most embryos consist of a relatively small number of morphologically similar cells arranged in simple structures, such as cell balls or sheets, which can be ...
Protein 4.2 interaction with hereditary spherocytosis mutants of the
... predominant of two protein 4.2 splice variants. Type I is the less common larger isoform and has an additional 30 amino acids near the N-terminus [11]. Amino acid numbering of protein 4.2 in the present paper will be according to the Type II isoform. Protein 4.2 is a member of the TG (transglutamina ...
... predominant of two protein 4.2 splice variants. Type I is the less common larger isoform and has an additional 30 amino acids near the N-terminus [11]. Amino acid numbering of protein 4.2 in the present paper will be according to the Type II isoform. Protein 4.2 is a member of the TG (transglutamina ...
i ANALYSIS OF THE ENU-3 PROTEIN FAMILY IN NERVOUS
... axons of developing neurons express several receptors which can be either chemoattracted or chemo-repulsed by gradients of guidance cues in the extracellular environment. The highly stereotypical and intricate patterns involving growth, migration and development are followed by approximately one bil ...
... axons of developing neurons express several receptors which can be either chemoattracted or chemo-repulsed by gradients of guidance cues in the extracellular environment. The highly stereotypical and intricate patterns involving growth, migration and development are followed by approximately one bil ...
ASYMMETRIC CELL DIVISION IN PLANTS
... cell such that all or most are inherited by only one daughter. Alternatively, the division may result in daughter cells that have equal developmental potential at first but become different subsequently through interactions with each other or with different neighboring cells. In this case, extrinsic ...
... cell such that all or most are inherited by only one daughter. Alternatively, the division may result in daughter cells that have equal developmental potential at first but become different subsequently through interactions with each other or with different neighboring cells. In this case, extrinsic ...
Bacillus anthracis produces membrane-derived vesicles containing biologically active toxins
... neoformans, have been found to release virulence factors in vesicles, suggesting that this is a widely used strategy for pathogenic microbes to deliver a noxious cargo to target immune cells (12, 13). Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce vesicles ...
... neoformans, have been found to release virulence factors in vesicles, suggesting that this is a widely used strategy for pathogenic microbes to deliver a noxious cargo to target immune cells (12, 13). Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce vesicles ...
Lipid interaction of the C terminus and association of the
... (14). HSP is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the shortening of the axons in corticospinal motor neurons, leading to progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. Yeast and plant cells do not possess ATLs, but similar GTPases—Sey1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Root Hair Defective 3 ...
... (14). HSP is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the shortening of the axons in corticospinal motor neurons, leading to progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. Yeast and plant cells do not possess ATLs, but similar GTPases—Sey1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Root Hair Defective 3 ...
measuring force in the developing zebrafish embryo using
... system for studying these early movements in a vertebrate system. Its large, optically transparent embryos make it a good candidate for advanced microscopy techniques, and in recent years this model organism has been the setting for a host of cutting edge microscopy methodologies. One technique that ...
... system for studying these early movements in a vertebrate system. Its large, optically transparent embryos make it a good candidate for advanced microscopy techniques, and in recent years this model organism has been the setting for a host of cutting edge microscopy methodologies. One technique that ...
Novel role for the Lu/BCAM–spectrin interaction in actin cytoskeleton
... an alignment of spectrin repeats, made up of three α-helices each; α-spectrins contain 20 spectrin repeats. In RBCs, the Lu/BCAMbinding site in αI-spectrin has been delimited to the single α4 repeat [15]. As Lu/BCAM represents a minor component of the RBC membrane (from 1.5 to 4 copies/RBC), we have ...
... an alignment of spectrin repeats, made up of three α-helices each; α-spectrins contain 20 spectrin repeats. In RBCs, the Lu/BCAMbinding site in αI-spectrin has been delimited to the single α4 repeat [15]. As Lu/BCAM represents a minor component of the RBC membrane (from 1.5 to 4 copies/RBC), we have ...
Study of moss vacuoles and functional
... analogy with those of animals and yeasts, which have been well characterized. In plants, the secretory pathway comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as site of protein and lipid synthesis, the Golgi apparatus (GA) as maturation and sorting compartment for proteins and lipids, the Trans-Golgi-Netw ...
... analogy with those of animals and yeasts, which have been well characterized. In plants, the secretory pathway comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as site of protein and lipid synthesis, the Golgi apparatus (GA) as maturation and sorting compartment for proteins and lipids, the Trans-Golgi-Netw ...
University of Groningen Cross-linking of dimeric CitS and GltS
... monomers in the dimeric structure was studied by site-specific tagging of the monomers with the 10 kDa Biotin Acceptor Domain (BAD) of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Bott 1997) followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The approach takes advantage of the observation tha ...
... monomers in the dimeric structure was studied by site-specific tagging of the monomers with the 10 kDa Biotin Acceptor Domain (BAD) of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Bott 1997) followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The approach takes advantage of the observation tha ...
Print
... of this primary vasculature by angiogenesis results in extension of the vascular tree and is associated with the upregulation of genes involved in vessel branching and maturation, including angiopoietin (Ang)-2, nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and VEGF-A (23, 200). The current model of vascular sproutin ...
... of this primary vasculature by angiogenesis results in extension of the vascular tree and is associated with the upregulation of genes involved in vessel branching and maturation, including angiopoietin (Ang)-2, nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and VEGF-A (23, 200). The current model of vascular sproutin ...
Cellular function and pathological role of ATP13A2 and related P
... P-type ATPases are biological pumps omnipresent in all forms of life, which are recognized by several conserved signature motifs associated with their catalytic mechanism (Axelsen and Palmgren, 1998). The main characteristic of all P-type ATPases is the formation of an acid-stable aspartyl phosphate ...
... P-type ATPases are biological pumps omnipresent in all forms of life, which are recognized by several conserved signature motifs associated with their catalytic mechanism (Axelsen and Palmgren, 1998). The main characteristic of all P-type ATPases is the formation of an acid-stable aspartyl phosphate ...
Abnormal Calcium Handling in Muscular Dystrophy
... 110, 119]. Calpains have been implicated in the proteolysis of vesicle-bound Ca2+ leak channels, constitutively activating these channels [3, 4, 69]. Using an artificial fluorogenic calpain substrate Boc-Leu-MetCMAC, the rate of proteolysis in resting mdx myotubes was determined to be markedly eleva ...
... 110, 119]. Calpains have been implicated in the proteolysis of vesicle-bound Ca2+ leak channels, constitutively activating these channels [3, 4, 69]. Using an artificial fluorogenic calpain substrate Boc-Leu-MetCMAC, the rate of proteolysis in resting mdx myotubes was determined to be markedly eleva ...
amoeba notes 14
... the Greek word “amoibe”, which means change. (Amoeba is also spelled ameba.) Protists are microscopic unicellular organisms that don't fit into the other kingdoms (fungus, plants, and animals). Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animal-like. The amoeba is considere ...
... the Greek word “amoibe”, which means change. (Amoeba is also spelled ameba.) Protists are microscopic unicellular organisms that don't fit into the other kingdoms (fungus, plants, and animals). Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animal-like. The amoeba is considere ...
Molecular mechanism of protrusion formation during Listeria Keith Ireton Luciano A. Rigano
... e-mail: wolf-dieter.schubert@ up.ac.za ...
... e-mail: wolf-dieter.schubert@ up.ac.za ...
Plasma Membrane Ghosts Form Differently When Produced from
... and were generally larger and more irregular in shape than the type I ghosts (Fig. 3, 4). In the absence of taxol pretreatments, cortical actin occurred in concentric arcs (Fig. 3A) but there were no microtubules (Fig. 3C). Pretreatment with taxol did not result in the modification of the actin patt ...
... and were generally larger and more irregular in shape than the type I ghosts (Fig. 3, 4). In the absence of taxol pretreatments, cortical actin occurred in concentric arcs (Fig. 3A) but there were no microtubules (Fig. 3C). Pretreatment with taxol did not result in the modification of the actin patt ...
Co-translational Targeting and Translocation of the Amino Terminus
... work we examined the specific requirements for this process by removing components from the translation mix before the addition of ER membranes. As before, we generated RBOps by in vitro translation of mRNA that had been truncated at specific positions within the coding region without a stop codon. ...
... work we examined the specific requirements for this process by removing components from the translation mix before the addition of ER membranes. As before, we generated RBOps by in vitro translation of mRNA that had been truncated at specific positions within the coding region without a stop codon. ...
File
... support and maintaining cell shape. – Serves as an internal framework to organize organelles within the cell. – Directs cellular locomotion and the movement of materials within the cell. ...
... support and maintaining cell shape. – Serves as an internal framework to organize organelles within the cell. – Directs cellular locomotion and the movement of materials within the cell. ...
Cytoskeletal Basis of Organelle Trafficking in the
... parts of the tube suggests their involvement in cytoplasmic organization, but not in the process of tip growth. More information on the cellular functions of PKH and dyneinrelated polypeptides should be available after the membrane structures to which they bind are clearly identified. A further MT-m ...
... parts of the tube suggests their involvement in cytoplasmic organization, but not in the process of tip growth. More information on the cellular functions of PKH and dyneinrelated polypeptides should be available after the membrane structures to which they bind are clearly identified. A further MT-m ...
PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND BIOMEMBRANES L. L. M. VAN DEENEN
... de Jong49, 66.67 and his school pictured models of the cell membrane, involving a tncomplex system between phospholipids, proteins and cations. Many other approaches further endorsed the importance of phospholipids for attaining the physical and chemical arrangements required to give the bio-interfa ...
... de Jong49, 66.67 and his school pictured models of the cell membrane, involving a tncomplex system between phospholipids, proteins and cations. Many other approaches further endorsed the importance of phospholipids for attaining the physical and chemical arrangements required to give the bio-interfa ...
Conditioning of Roots with Hypoxia Increases
... oxygen deprivation was able to depolarize the membrane potential rapidly (Teakle et al. 2013, Zeng et al. 2014). It has to be mentioned that the functional PM H+-ATPase is a key element in maintaining the membrane potential, which could also regulate the internal pH and membrane energization for the ...
... oxygen deprivation was able to depolarize the membrane potential rapidly (Teakle et al. 2013, Zeng et al. 2014). It has to be mentioned that the functional PM H+-ATPase is a key element in maintaining the membrane potential, which could also regulate the internal pH and membrane energization for the ...
Protein Synthesis within Dendrites: Glycosylation
... To identify dendritic processes, isolated neurites and cells in culture were immunostained for microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2). Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS containing 0.12 M sucrose. After fixation, processes were permeabilized in 0.1 M morpholino-ethanesulfonic (MES) buff ...
... To identify dendritic processes, isolated neurites and cells in culture were immunostained for microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2). Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS containing 0.12 M sucrose. After fixation, processes were permeabilized in 0.1 M morpholino-ethanesulfonic (MES) buff ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.