Protein Synthesis within Dendrites: Glycosylation
... To identify dendritic processes, isolated neurites and cells in culture were immunostained for microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2). Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS containing 0.12 M sucrose. After fixation, processes were permeabilized in 0.1 M morpholino-ethanesulfonic (MES) buff ...
... To identify dendritic processes, isolated neurites and cells in culture were immunostained for microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2). Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS containing 0.12 M sucrose. After fixation, processes were permeabilized in 0.1 M morpholino-ethanesulfonic (MES) buff ...
Structural Investigations of Liposomes: Effect of Phospholipid
... In aqueous solution the contrasting effects of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties of amphiphilic molecules cause the molecules to assemble into supramolecular liquid crystal structures (Tanford 1980). In the case of phospholipids, the hydrophilic head groups associate with the aqueous phase wh ...
... In aqueous solution the contrasting effects of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties of amphiphilic molecules cause the molecules to assemble into supramolecular liquid crystal structures (Tanford 1980). In the case of phospholipids, the hydrophilic head groups associate with the aqueous phase wh ...
The Maisonneuve Fracture of the Fibula
... necting the distal tibia to the distal fibula are three-dimensional and include the following, from anterior to posterior: the anterior tibiofibular ligament, the interosseous ligament, the posterior tibiofibular ligament, and the transverse tibiofibular ligament. The anterior tibiofibular ligament ...
... necting the distal tibia to the distal fibula are three-dimensional and include the following, from anterior to posterior: the anterior tibiofibular ligament, the interosseous ligament, the posterior tibiofibular ligament, and the transverse tibiofibular ligament. The anterior tibiofibular ligament ...
The role of hyaluronic acid in protecting surface
... Methods. The effects of increasing concentrations of HA degraded by free radicals and non-degraded HA on the lysing activity of PLA2 were examined in vitro. Liposomes (lipid model membrane) containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) were used as the substrate, on the assumption that they are appropriate re ...
... Methods. The effects of increasing concentrations of HA degraded by free radicals and non-degraded HA on the lysing activity of PLA2 were examined in vitro. Liposomes (lipid model membrane) containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) were used as the substrate, on the assumption that they are appropriate re ...
Active gel physics
... equations (1) and (2)). This term can be obtained by coarsegraining a microscopic description in which individual elements are represented by force dipoles9,10 . The resulting macroscopic active stress is the average force dipole density. In a system with nematic symmetry the anisotropic part of the ...
... equations (1) and (2)). This term can be obtained by coarsegraining a microscopic description in which individual elements are represented by force dipoles9,10 . The resulting macroscopic active stress is the average force dipole density. In a system with nematic symmetry the anisotropic part of the ...
Exosome Biogenesis, Regulation, and Function in Viral Infection
... their own profit. Finally, we explore the roles of exosomes in viral spread, immune regulation and tumor development. 2. Apoptotic Bodies, Microvesicles, and Exosomes The cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell contains several well-described compartments (trans-Golgi network (TGN), mitochondria, peroxisom ...
... their own profit. Finally, we explore the roles of exosomes in viral spread, immune regulation and tumor development. 2. Apoptotic Bodies, Microvesicles, and Exosomes The cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell contains several well-described compartments (trans-Golgi network (TGN), mitochondria, peroxisom ...
The sliding theory of cytoplasmic streaming: fifty years of
... induced plasmolysis in Characeae cells by using an icecooled medium containing a Ca2+ chelator. By plasmolysis under such severe conditions, the plasma membrane is irreversibly permeabilized but the tonoplast remains intact. Because the cytoplasm is sandwiched between the tonoplast and the perforate ...
... induced plasmolysis in Characeae cells by using an icecooled medium containing a Ca2+ chelator. By plasmolysis under such severe conditions, the plasma membrane is irreversibly permeabilized but the tonoplast remains intact. Because the cytoplasm is sandwiched between the tonoplast and the perforate ...
Cell signalling - The Open University
... the same cell or group of cells it was secreted from. In development, autocrine signalling reinforces a particular developmental commitment of a cell type. Autocrine signalling can promote inappropriate proliferation, as may be the case in tumour cells. Endocrine signalling (Figure 3b (iii)) is a ki ...
... the same cell or group of cells it was secreted from. In development, autocrine signalling reinforces a particular developmental commitment of a cell type. Autocrine signalling can promote inappropriate proliferation, as may be the case in tumour cells. Endocrine signalling (Figure 3b (iii)) is a ki ...
The sliding theory of cytoplasmic streaming: fifty years of progress
... induced plasmolysis in Characeae cells by using an icecooled medium containing a Ca2+ chelator. By plasmolysis under such severe conditions, the plasma membrane is irreversibly permeabilized but the tonoplast remains intact. Because the cytoplasm is sandwiched between the tonoplast and the perforate ...
... induced plasmolysis in Characeae cells by using an icecooled medium containing a Ca2+ chelator. By plasmolysis under such severe conditions, the plasma membrane is irreversibly permeabilized but the tonoplast remains intact. Because the cytoplasm is sandwiched between the tonoplast and the perforate ...
A model of chloroplast growth regulation in mesophyll cells
... – with larger and more irregularly shaped chloroplasts than the wild type – presented with more scatter; see the R2 values in Figure 2. Pyke (1999) further showed that this regulated chloroplast density persists not only across different cells, but across different species. He found a linear relatio ...
... – with larger and more irregularly shaped chloroplasts than the wild type – presented with more scatter; see the R2 values in Figure 2. Pyke (1999) further showed that this regulated chloroplast density persists not only across different cells, but across different species. He found a linear relatio ...
A Lipid Transfer–like Protein Is Necessary for Lily
... adhesive nature of the transmitting tract or its secretions until recently. This is probably due to the fact that chemical fixation can remove or disrupt the adhesive components, and the result is that pollen tubes appear to grow in a fluid matrix separated from the transmitting tract cells of hollo ...
... adhesive nature of the transmitting tract or its secretions until recently. This is probably due to the fact that chemical fixation can remove or disrupt the adhesive components, and the result is that pollen tubes appear to grow in a fluid matrix separated from the transmitting tract cells of hollo ...
(Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets to gradient saline stress
... reported that more Na+ accumulated in roots and more Cl− in leaves of pomegranates (Punica granatum) exposed to salt stress. Soil salinity usually reduces K+ uptake by roots of higher plants (Zhang et al., 2010; Maathuis et al., 2014). Recent research suggests that maintaining a high level of K+ /Na ...
... reported that more Na+ accumulated in roots and more Cl− in leaves of pomegranates (Punica granatum) exposed to salt stress. Soil salinity usually reduces K+ uptake by roots of higher plants (Zhang et al., 2010; Maathuis et al., 2014). Recent research suggests that maintaining a high level of K+ /Na ...
Audiometry–Anatomy of the ear – 3064-1/HLSP
... auditory meatus. Many people think wax is dirty but as you can see it serves a very important function. As our ears never stop growing it is not surprising to learn that the length of this tunnel is different in adults (2.5cm) and children (0.7 - 2.0cm). The inner two thirds of the external auditory ...
... auditory meatus. Many people think wax is dirty but as you can see it serves a very important function. As our ears never stop growing it is not surprising to learn that the length of this tunnel is different in adults (2.5cm) and children (0.7 - 2.0cm). The inner two thirds of the external auditory ...
Dual Modes of Endoplasmic Reticulum-to
... or just late-stage post-Golgi vesicles contribute to dendritic secretory trafficking remains poorly understood. In this study, we have used live-cell confocal imaging experiments along with immunocytochemistry in cultured hippocampal neurons to define the secretory pathway in dendrites. We demonstra ...
... or just late-stage post-Golgi vesicles contribute to dendritic secretory trafficking remains poorly understood. In this study, we have used live-cell confocal imaging experiments along with immunocytochemistry in cultured hippocampal neurons to define the secretory pathway in dendrites. We demonstra ...
- RichardWheeler.net
... parasites for scanning electron microscopy cellular electron tomography, and serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM). These parasites have a highly ordered cell shape and form, with a defined positioning of internal cytoskeletal structures and organelles. We show how knowledge of the ...
... parasites for scanning electron microscopy cellular electron tomography, and serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM). These parasites have a highly ordered cell shape and form, with a defined positioning of internal cytoskeletal structures and organelles. We show how knowledge of the ...
Lesson Overview - Diman Regional
... In general, the body’s responses to hormones are slower and longer lasting than its responses to nerve impulses. It may take several minutes, several hours, or even several days for a hormone to have its full effect on its target cells. ...
... In general, the body’s responses to hormones are slower and longer lasting than its responses to nerve impulses. It may take several minutes, several hours, or even several days for a hormone to have its full effect on its target cells. ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... Zinc-Induced Facilitator-Like 1 (ZIFL1), which exhibits H+coupled K+ transport activity (Remy et al. 2013b), pointing to a previously unrecognized role for this superfamily in K+ transport. Interestingly, our work revealed that alternative splicing of the corresponding gene determines a dual functio ...
... Zinc-Induced Facilitator-Like 1 (ZIFL1), which exhibits H+coupled K+ transport activity (Remy et al. 2013b), pointing to a previously unrecognized role for this superfamily in K+ transport. Interestingly, our work revealed that alternative splicing of the corresponding gene determines a dual functio ...
The GDP-bound form of Arf6 is located at the plasma membrane
... implicated in endocytosis and actin rearrangements at the cell periphery (Chavrier and Goud, 1999) but its precise function remains to be discovered. Two mutants of Arf6, Q67L and T27N, are considered to mimic the GTP- and GDP-bound forms, respectively, and have been used extensively to apprehend th ...
... implicated in endocytosis and actin rearrangements at the cell periphery (Chavrier and Goud, 1999) but its precise function remains to be discovered. Two mutants of Arf6, Q67L and T27N, are considered to mimic the GTP- and GDP-bound forms, respectively, and have been used extensively to apprehend th ...
Study of reactive oxygen species-induced ion transport in different models by using
... 1.2 The role of ion channels in ROS-induced responses and Programmed Cell Death (PCD) in plant cells. Different mechanisms have been proposed for ROS sensing in plant cells, including twocomponent histidine kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and certain protein phosphatases and transcriptio ...
... 1.2 The role of ion channels in ROS-induced responses and Programmed Cell Death (PCD) in plant cells. Different mechanisms have been proposed for ROS sensing in plant cells, including twocomponent histidine kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and certain protein phosphatases and transcriptio ...
Protein Quality Control as a Strategy for Cellular Regulation
... The resulting six-carbon mevalonate is next converted into the isomeric, phosphorylated five-carbon isoprene subunits dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) and isopentyl pyrophosphate (IPP) that are used as building blocks to construct myriad isoprenoids, including sterols such as cholesterol. This lo ...
... The resulting six-carbon mevalonate is next converted into the isomeric, phosphorylated five-carbon isoprene subunits dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) and isopentyl pyrophosphate (IPP) that are used as building blocks to construct myriad isoprenoids, including sterols such as cholesterol. This lo ...
dravhandling-hafte - DUO
... cathepsin Z, cathepsin C, and the blood coagulation factors V and VIII were inefficiently secreted when ERGIC-53 was either mislocated to the ER or non-functional (Nichols et al. 1998; Vollenweider et al. 1998). In vitro analysis has demonstrated that the short cytoplasmic domain of ERGIC-53 contain ...
... cathepsin Z, cathepsin C, and the blood coagulation factors V and VIII were inefficiently secreted when ERGIC-53 was either mislocated to the ER or non-functional (Nichols et al. 1998; Vollenweider et al. 1998). In vitro analysis has demonstrated that the short cytoplasmic domain of ERGIC-53 contain ...
Supplementary: Effect of Lipid Head Group Interactions in
... lipid exchange in the POPS bilayer with 1M NaCl is more frequent than that without NaCl, because the salt screening effect destabilizes the POPS clusters by hindering the formation of CNO dipole-dipole interactions. We have also quantified the exchange half-life for the pCG POPS bilayer without NaCl ...
... lipid exchange in the POPS bilayer with 1M NaCl is more frequent than that without NaCl, because the salt screening effect destabilizes the POPS clusters by hindering the formation of CNO dipole-dipole interactions. We have also quantified the exchange half-life for the pCG POPS bilayer without NaCl ...
Protein Cross-linkers handbook and selection guide
... pH8.0. Below pH10.0, the reaction is likely to result in undesirable side reactions. However, the amidine formed is reversible at high pH. Imidoesters are used for protein subunit studies, molecular interactions, and for immobilization of proteins to solid supports. Imidoesters have been used as a s ...
... pH8.0. Below pH10.0, the reaction is likely to result in undesirable side reactions. However, the amidine formed is reversible at high pH. Imidoesters are used for protein subunit studies, molecular interactions, and for immobilization of proteins to solid supports. Imidoesters have been used as a s ...
Effects of Organic Cations on the Gram-negative Cell
... Ga.), S. typhi ggg2v and 12839 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Escherichia coli was obtained as ATCC 10536 and used in the earlier part of this work; after the observation that this culture produced acid but no gas from glucose or lactose, it was replaced with a fresh, gas-f ...
... Ga.), S. typhi ggg2v and 12839 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Escherichia coli was obtained as ATCC 10536 and used in the earlier part of this work; after the observation that this culture produced acid but no gas from glucose or lactose, it was replaced with a fresh, gas-f ...
Efficient Procedure and Methods to Determine Critical
... fields. The main properties of the cells which affect the electroporation are cell size, shape, membrane structure, and surface charge [2], [12]. The electric field properties which affect the electroporation procedure are the pulse intensity, number of pulses, pulse duration, pulse shape, and frequ ...
... fields. The main properties of the cells which affect the electroporation are cell size, shape, membrane structure, and surface charge [2], [12]. The electric field properties which affect the electroporation procedure are the pulse intensity, number of pulses, pulse duration, pulse shape, and frequ ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.