Control of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Plant Cell Growth
... The eukaryote actin cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in many cellular processes that together regulate cell growth and morphology. Specifically in the case of plant cell growth, filamentous actin (F-actin) coordinates cytoplasmic streaming and guides growth materials to zones of exocytosis (88) altho ...
... The eukaryote actin cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in many cellular processes that together regulate cell growth and morphology. Specifically in the case of plant cell growth, filamentous actin (F-actin) coordinates cytoplasmic streaming and guides growth materials to zones of exocytosis (88) altho ...
Biochemistry of Fruits and Vegetables
... Freeze-thaw cycles: Commodity specific, but membrane damage/rupturing is considerably greater with a slow freeze (large ice crystals) compared to a rapid freeze. Cryoprotective agents can be used to protect the cells if necessary; examples include sugar or salt solutions (increases the osmotic press ...
... Freeze-thaw cycles: Commodity specific, but membrane damage/rupturing is considerably greater with a slow freeze (large ice crystals) compared to a rapid freeze. Cryoprotective agents can be used to protect the cells if necessary; examples include sugar or salt solutions (increases the osmotic press ...
Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of
... NONPHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL3 (NPH3) was originally identified as a phototropic loss-of-function mutant in Arabidopsis (Liscum and Briggs, 1995). NPH3 encodes a protein containing an N-terminal Broad-complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-á-brac (BTB) domain, a central NPH3 domain (Pfam, PF03000), and a C-terminal ...
... NONPHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL3 (NPH3) was originally identified as a phototropic loss-of-function mutant in Arabidopsis (Liscum and Briggs, 1995). NPH3 encodes a protein containing an N-terminal Broad-complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-á-brac (BTB) domain, a central NPH3 domain (Pfam, PF03000), and a C-terminal ...
MARINE ICOSAHEDRAL MEMBRANE-CONTAINING - E
... have had a great impact on the development of modern molecular biology and the understanding of the basic mechanisms of life, not the least important being the discovery of DNA carrying the genetic information or mRNA transferring that information further (Fields et al., 1996). In general bacterioph ...
... have had a great impact on the development of modern molecular biology and the understanding of the basic mechanisms of life, not the least important being the discovery of DNA carrying the genetic information or mRNA transferring that information further (Fields et al., 1996). In general bacterioph ...
Hopanoids Play a Role in Membrane Integrity and pH
... transformed into the E. coli mating strain BW29427 and mated into the ⌬shc mutant strain on YP agar plates supplemented with diaminopimelic acid (23). Transformants were selected on YP agar containing 400 g/ml kanamycin. Kanamycin-resistant colonies were screened for the presence of pPVW8 by PCR. A ...
... transformed into the E. coli mating strain BW29427 and mated into the ⌬shc mutant strain on YP agar plates supplemented with diaminopimelic acid (23). Transformants were selected on YP agar containing 400 g/ml kanamycin. Kanamycin-resistant colonies were screened for the presence of pPVW8 by PCR. A ...
anatomy of tracheobronchial tree
... Bronchioles are formed which are less then 1mm in dia,no cartilages and lined by ciliated columnar epithelium Divide to form terminal bronchioles,which show delicate outpouchings from their wall These are respiratory bronchioles,dia is 0.5mm,they end by branching into alveolar ducts ...
... Bronchioles are formed which are less then 1mm in dia,no cartilages and lined by ciliated columnar epithelium Divide to form terminal bronchioles,which show delicate outpouchings from their wall These are respiratory bronchioles,dia is 0.5mm,they end by branching into alveolar ducts ...
Autophagy and cell death in model organisms
... The intrinsic pathway that leads to caspase-dependent apoptosis is characterized by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, which results in the formation of a caspase-activating complex encompassing caspase-9 and APAF-1. Expression of the human p ...
... The intrinsic pathway that leads to caspase-dependent apoptosis is characterized by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, which results in the formation of a caspase-activating complex encompassing caspase-9 and APAF-1. Expression of the human p ...
Autophagy and cell death in model organisms - IMBB
... The intrinsic pathway that leads to caspase-dependent apoptosis is characterized by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, which results in the formation of a caspase-activating complex encompassing caspase-9 and APAF-1. Expression of the human p ...
... The intrinsic pathway that leads to caspase-dependent apoptosis is characterized by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, which results in the formation of a caspase-activating complex encompassing caspase-9 and APAF-1. Expression of the human p ...
Integrated Microfluidic Nucleic Acid Isolation, Isothermal
... or RNA with sequence-specific primers; and real-time or endpoint detection of amplification products. In the laboratory, these unit operations are typically carried out in benchtop instruments. First, the sample is incubated with lysing agents (salts, detergents, enzymes, chaotropic agents), sometim ...
... or RNA with sequence-specific primers; and real-time or endpoint detection of amplification products. In the laboratory, these unit operations are typically carried out in benchtop instruments. First, the sample is incubated with lysing agents (salts, detergents, enzymes, chaotropic agents), sometim ...
Organelle size control – increasing vacuole
... recombinant Qc-SNARE subunit Vam7, which recruits an existing pool of non-paired, free SNAREs into trans-SNARE complexes and drives fusion in the absence of Sec18/NSF activity (Thorngren et al., 2004). Vam7 addition restored the fusion activity of vtc4Δ, vtc4R264A and vtc4K200A vacuoles to wild-type ...
... recombinant Qc-SNARE subunit Vam7, which recruits an existing pool of non-paired, free SNAREs into trans-SNARE complexes and drives fusion in the absence of Sec18/NSF activity (Thorngren et al., 2004). Vam7 addition restored the fusion activity of vtc4Δ, vtc4R264A and vtc4K200A vacuoles to wild-type ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... synthesized when the particulate enzyme of B. stearothermophilus was incubated with the murein precursors UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine (UDP-GIcNAc) and UDPMurNAc-pentapeptide. The newly formed polymer was less accessible for lysozyme and more strongly bound to the acceptor than the same product from the ...
... synthesized when the particulate enzyme of B. stearothermophilus was incubated with the murein precursors UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine (UDP-GIcNAc) and UDPMurNAc-pentapeptide. The newly formed polymer was less accessible for lysozyme and more strongly bound to the acceptor than the same product from the ...
The larynx
... -because the larynx and trachea have to be opened always for the passage of air. If they are without cartilage, they’ll become like the esophagus which can collapse so there’ll be no passage of air and this is impossible!. -the hyoid bone is located on the upper border of the larynx (Not included in ...
... -because the larynx and trachea have to be opened always for the passage of air. If they are without cartilage, they’ll become like the esophagus which can collapse so there’ll be no passage of air and this is impossible!. -the hyoid bone is located on the upper border of the larynx (Not included in ...
biochemical, biophysical and electrophysiological characterisation
... mass spectrometry. While the gel-filtration trials suggest the presence of a homogenous population in several tested detergents, cross-linking and BlueNative gel experiments provide insight into the inhomogeneity of the sample represented by the detection of monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric states. ...
... mass spectrometry. While the gel-filtration trials suggest the presence of a homogenous population in several tested detergents, cross-linking and BlueNative gel experiments provide insight into the inhomogeneity of the sample represented by the detection of monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric states. ...
Kratsch, H.A . and R.R. Wise. 2000. The ultrastructure of chilling stress. Plant, Cell Environment 23: 337-350.
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
The ultrastructure of chilling stress
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
... Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling injury in chloroplasts. Figure 1a, spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Bloomsdale) chloroplast from a plant grown under permissive conditions (6 weeks of 12 h days at 300 mmol photons m2 s-1 23 °C and 12 h nights 21 °C) showing well developed grana and a single, large star ...
14-3-3 associates with cell surface aminopeptidase N in the
... in fibroblasts. However, its mechanism of transmembrane signaling remains unknown. Ectodomain biotin labeling, serial affinity purification and mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that the stratifin associates with aminopeptidase N (APN), or CD13, at the cell surface. The transient knockdown of APN ...
... in fibroblasts. However, its mechanism of transmembrane signaling remains unknown. Ectodomain biotin labeling, serial affinity purification and mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that the stratifin associates with aminopeptidase N (APN), or CD13, at the cell surface. The transient knockdown of APN ...
Dendritic amplification of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in a
... The aPC was used to select proper background excitatory and inhibitory input rates so as to produce physiological firing patterns in the model (De Schutter & Bower, 1994b). When each excitatory synapse was activated with an input rate of 10 spikes ⁄ s and each stellate inhibitory synapse with a rate ...
... The aPC was used to select proper background excitatory and inhibitory input rates so as to produce physiological firing patterns in the model (De Schutter & Bower, 1994b). When each excitatory synapse was activated with an input rate of 10 spikes ⁄ s and each stellate inhibitory synapse with a rate ...
Chloroplast envelope membranes: a dynamic interface between
... integration of metabolic and ionic networks in cell metabolism, of a flexible system that can divide, produce dynamic extensions and interact with other cell constituents. Envelope membranes are indeed one of the most complex and dynamic system within a plant cell. In this review, we present an over ...
... integration of metabolic and ionic networks in cell metabolism, of a flexible system that can divide, produce dynamic extensions and interact with other cell constituents. Envelope membranes are indeed one of the most complex and dynamic system within a plant cell. In this review, we present an over ...
Extracellular electron transfer from aerobic bacteria to Au loaded
... Materials. The titanium foils (Ti, 99.95% pure) were cut into plates with a diameter of 12 mm, cleaned ultrasonically in acetone, alcohol, and a deionized water bath sequentially for 5 min each, and then dried. Anodic oxidation was performed in 100 mL of an electrolyte containing 0.55 g of ammonium ...
... Materials. The titanium foils (Ti, 99.95% pure) were cut into plates with a diameter of 12 mm, cleaned ultrasonically in acetone, alcohol, and a deionized water bath sequentially for 5 min each, and then dried. Anodic oxidation was performed in 100 mL of an electrolyte containing 0.55 g of ammonium ...
Effects of phytanic acid on the vitamin E status, lipid composition and
... function of vitamin E because of the structural similarity between these two molecules [7] (see Figure 1). In support of this hypothesis, a severe deficiency of vitamin E results in a spectrum of features similar to those observed in ARD, including peripheral and central neuropathy and retinal degen ...
... function of vitamin E because of the structural similarity between these two molecules [7] (see Figure 1). In support of this hypothesis, a severe deficiency of vitamin E results in a spectrum of features similar to those observed in ARD, including peripheral and central neuropathy and retinal degen ...
Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Expansion in Higher Plants
... NMR studies have detected limited XyG–cellulose interactions in Arabidopsis primary walls (Dick-Perez et al., 2011). Moreover, the xxt1xxt2 mutant, which lacked detectable XyG, displayed a relatively mild phenotype, suggesting that the load-bearing function might not only be assumed by XyG–cellulose ...
... NMR studies have detected limited XyG–cellulose interactions in Arabidopsis primary walls (Dick-Perez et al., 2011). Moreover, the xxt1xxt2 mutant, which lacked detectable XyG, displayed a relatively mild phenotype, suggesting that the load-bearing function might not only be assumed by XyG–cellulose ...
Functional Domains within Fusion Proteins: Prospectives for
... Pritsker et al., 1999), as well as from studies with synthetic fusion peptides (Lear and DeGrado, 1987; Slepushkin et al., 1990; Burger et al., 1991; Clague et al., 1991; Martin et al., 1991; Yeagle et al., 1991; Epand et al., 1994; Nieva et al., 1994; Rapaport & Shai, 1994; Gray et al., 1996; Klige ...
... Pritsker et al., 1999), as well as from studies with synthetic fusion peptides (Lear and DeGrado, 1987; Slepushkin et al., 1990; Burger et al., 1991; Clague et al., 1991; Martin et al., 1991; Yeagle et al., 1991; Epand et al., 1994; Nieva et al., 1994; Rapaport & Shai, 1994; Gray et al., 1996; Klige ...
Ammodytoxins, Potent Presynaptic Neurotoxins
... different import systems (7). In the nerve cell, they may impair the cycling of synaptic vesicles by phospholipid hydrolysis (8) and by binding to specific protein targets such as calmodulin (9, 10) and 14-3-3 proteins (11) in the cytosol and R25 (12, 13) in mitochondria. Electron microscopy studies ...
... different import systems (7). In the nerve cell, they may impair the cycling of synaptic vesicles by phospholipid hydrolysis (8) and by binding to specific protein targets such as calmodulin (9, 10) and 14-3-3 proteins (11) in the cytosol and R25 (12, 13) in mitochondria. Electron microscopy studies ...
Subcellular Trafficking of Mammalian Lysosomal Proteins: An
... sites (i.e., to redirect the protein to the PM), an unconventional dileucine signal located in a cytosolic loop (SLLKGRQGIY) must be mutated simultaneously with a tryptophan and glutamic acid (WE) motif located in the C-terminal tail [33]. However, not all atypical signals revolve around tyrosine or ...
... sites (i.e., to redirect the protein to the PM), an unconventional dileucine signal located in a cytosolic loop (SLLKGRQGIY) must be mutated simultaneously with a tryptophan and glutamic acid (WE) motif located in the C-terminal tail [33]. However, not all atypical signals revolve around tyrosine or ...
Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in
... which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in the number and diversity of prokaryotic proteins shown to carry N- and/or Oglycans, with protein glycosylation now considered as f ...
... which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in the number and diversity of prokaryotic proteins shown to carry N- and/or Oglycans, with protein glycosylation now considered as f ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.