Vacuoles - Plant Physiology
... findings. Uptake was highly sensitive to external pH (Fig. 2), and sugar flux would therefore depend on a higher proton concentrawas markedly stimulated by the addition of buffered MgATP to tion at one surface of the membrane than at the other (cf. 7). the medium (Fig. 3 and Table I). The uncoupler ...
... findings. Uptake was highly sensitive to external pH (Fig. 2), and sugar flux would therefore depend on a higher proton concentrawas markedly stimulated by the addition of buffered MgATP to tion at one surface of the membrane than at the other (cf. 7). the medium (Fig. 3 and Table I). The uncoupler ...
Target or barrier? The cell wall of early- and later
... Although Cd is a generally toxic contaminant of the ecosystem, plants have evolved diverse mechanisms to respond to Cd contamination of their growth substrate. As for many compounds with detrimental effects on cellular metabolism, the toxicity of Cd is often alleviated through its sequestration to s ...
... Although Cd is a generally toxic contaminant of the ecosystem, plants have evolved diverse mechanisms to respond to Cd contamination of their growth substrate. As for many compounds with detrimental effects on cellular metabolism, the toxicity of Cd is often alleviated through its sequestration to s ...
Complement - microbiology and immunology on-line
... Activation product of complement proteins (nomenclature) Activated component are usually over-lined: e.g. C1qrs When enzymatically cleaved, the larger moiety, binds to the activation complex or membrane and the smaller peptide is released in the ...
... Activation product of complement proteins (nomenclature) Activated component are usually over-lined: e.g. C1qrs When enzymatically cleaved, the larger moiety, binds to the activation complex or membrane and the smaller peptide is released in the ...
PDF - Wiley Online Library
... The phage k model of bacterial lysis The lysis cassette of k comprises four genes, S, R, Rz and Rz1, transcribed from the pR’ late promoter, encoding a total of five proteins (Young, 1992). The S gene has a dual-start motif that allows for translation initiation events at two sites defined by codons ...
... The phage k model of bacterial lysis The lysis cassette of k comprises four genes, S, R, Rz and Rz1, transcribed from the pR’ late promoter, encoding a total of five proteins (Young, 1992). The S gene has a dual-start motif that allows for translation initiation events at two sites defined by codons ...
Calcium Signaling. Cell 131: 1047
... (B) The core of the Ca2+ signaling network. In excitatory Ca2+ signaling, plasma membrane ion channels are triggered to open by changes in voltage, or extra- or intracellular ligand binding. When open, ?1 million Ca2+ ions/s/channel flow down the 20,000 fold [Ca2+]i gradient (ECa ? +150 mV), maintai ...
... (B) The core of the Ca2+ signaling network. In excitatory Ca2+ signaling, plasma membrane ion channels are triggered to open by changes in voltage, or extra- or intracellular ligand binding. When open, ?1 million Ca2+ ions/s/channel flow down the 20,000 fold [Ca2+]i gradient (ECa ? +150 mV), maintai ...
Review
... (B) The core of the Ca2+ signaling network. In excitatory Ca2+ signaling, plasma membrane ion channels are triggered to open by changes in voltage, or extra- or intracellular ligand binding. When open, ?1 million Ca2+ ions/s/channel flow down the 20,000 fold [Ca2+]i gradient (ECa ? +150 mV), maintai ...
... (B) The core of the Ca2+ signaling network. In excitatory Ca2+ signaling, plasma membrane ion channels are triggered to open by changes in voltage, or extra- or intracellular ligand binding. When open, ?1 million Ca2+ ions/s/channel flow down the 20,000 fold [Ca2+]i gradient (ECa ? +150 mV), maintai ...
Traffic between the plant endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
... important for forward transport of multi-spanning, type I and type II membrane proteins out of the ER, as shown by ER export studies with Golgi and ER-resident membrane proteins [5]. The involvement of (b) a dibasic motif has been demonstrated in the ER export of a type II membrane-spanning prolyl ...
... important for forward transport of multi-spanning, type I and type II membrane proteins out of the ER, as shown by ER export studies with Golgi and ER-resident membrane proteins [5]. The involvement of (b) a dibasic motif has been demonstrated in the ER export of a type II membrane-spanning prolyl ...
Mechanics and Modeling of Plant Cell Growth
... wall loosening. These equations for m and Y make three predictions: (i) that transient changes in elongation rate will result from stepchanges in P. This prediction is consistent with experimental results obtained from algal [24], plant [25], and fungal cells [18,21]; (ii) that m will be larger for ...
... wall loosening. These equations for m and Y make three predictions: (i) that transient changes in elongation rate will result from stepchanges in P. This prediction is consistent with experimental results obtained from algal [24], plant [25], and fungal cells [18,21]; (ii) that m will be larger for ...
Novel Insights into Vacuole-mediated Control of Plant Growth and
... and degradation of cellular content delivered by endosomal trafficking and autophagy pathways. Intriguingly, vacuolar and autophagic processes have been implicated in hormone signaling during growth and immune responses, and in the regulation of programmed cell death (PCD). However, the molecular pl ...
... and degradation of cellular content delivered by endosomal trafficking and autophagy pathways. Intriguingly, vacuolar and autophagic processes have been implicated in hormone signaling during growth and immune responses, and in the regulation of programmed cell death (PCD). However, the molecular pl ...
Development
... which a C18 fatty-acyl chain, containing one (C18:1) or four (C18:4) double bonds, and an O-acetyl group are attached. The highly unsaturated C18:4 fatty acyl chain, together with the Oacetyl substituent at the C6 position of the non-reducing terminal sugar, were shown to be essential for mitogenic ...
... which a C18 fatty-acyl chain, containing one (C18:1) or four (C18:4) double bonds, and an O-acetyl group are attached. The highly unsaturated C18:4 fatty acyl chain, together with the Oacetyl substituent at the C6 position of the non-reducing terminal sugar, were shown to be essential for mitogenic ...
Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biology
... but life certainly does not persist there. This supply is of no use for an organism that needs nickel. Another aspect of bioavailability is the form in which an element is commonly found. Zinc sul®de minerals are certainly common enough in the biosphere, but in this form Zn is not very usable. Few o ...
... but life certainly does not persist there. This supply is of no use for an organism that needs nickel. Another aspect of bioavailability is the form in which an element is commonly found. Zinc sul®de minerals are certainly common enough in the biosphere, but in this form Zn is not very usable. Few o ...
Protein quality control and elimination of protein waste: The role of
... functions are manifold: signaling, movement, transport, membrane fusion, cell protection, regulation or catalysis are only some of them [1]. The three-dimensional structure that proteins acquire after ribosomal synthesis of their amino acid chain is crucial to their function. This function has to be ...
... functions are manifold: signaling, movement, transport, membrane fusion, cell protection, regulation or catalysis are only some of them [1]. The three-dimensional structure that proteins acquire after ribosomal synthesis of their amino acid chain is crucial to their function. This function has to be ...
Mastoparan Alters Subcellular Distribution of
... birch pollen profilin co-localizes with dynamic AFs when expressed in animal cells (Mayboroda et al. 1997). This suggests that plant and animal profilins obey the same principles responsible for their subcellular localizations (for animal cells see, e.g., Hartwig et al. 1989, Buß et al. 1992, Bubb e ...
... birch pollen profilin co-localizes with dynamic AFs when expressed in animal cells (Mayboroda et al. 1997). This suggests that plant and animal profilins obey the same principles responsible for their subcellular localizations (for animal cells see, e.g., Hartwig et al. 1989, Buß et al. 1992, Bubb e ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell
... This study reports on the 3-D architecture of somatic-type cell plates in apical meristem cells of Arabidopsis analyzed by means of dual-axis electron tomography of high-pressure frozen/ freeze-substituted shoot and root samples. No differences were detected in cell plate formation between shoot and ...
... This study reports on the 3-D architecture of somatic-type cell plates in apical meristem cells of Arabidopsis analyzed by means of dual-axis electron tomography of high-pressure frozen/ freeze-substituted shoot and root samples. No differences were detected in cell plate formation between shoot and ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell Plate Formation in
... This study reports on the 3-D architecture of somatic-type cell plates in apical meristem cells of Arabidopsis analyzed by means of dual-axis electron tomography of high-pressure frozen/ freeze-substituted shoot and root samples. No differences were detected in cell plate formation between shoot and ...
... This study reports on the 3-D architecture of somatic-type cell plates in apical meristem cells of Arabidopsis analyzed by means of dual-axis electron tomography of high-pressure frozen/ freeze-substituted shoot and root samples. No differences were detected in cell plate formation between shoot and ...
The recovery and purification of fermentation products
... DeSousa, Laluce, and Jafelicci (2006) examined the effects of a range of both organic and inorganic additives on floatation recovery of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They report that compounds associated with cellular metabolism such as acetate and ethanol can improve floatation recovery of yeast cell ...
... DeSousa, Laluce, and Jafelicci (2006) examined the effects of a range of both organic and inorganic additives on floatation recovery of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They report that compounds associated with cellular metabolism such as acetate and ethanol can improve floatation recovery of yeast cell ...
Lens Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP)
... molecular weight protein standards were purchased from BioRad. All inorganic salts, reagents, or buffers were analytical reagent grade or better. Isolation of Lens Fiber Junctions. Lenses from adult bovines were obtained at the slaughterhouse, immediately cooled on ice, and stored at -20 OC until us ...
... molecular weight protein standards were purchased from BioRad. All inorganic salts, reagents, or buffers were analytical reagent grade or better. Isolation of Lens Fiber Junctions. Lenses from adult bovines were obtained at the slaughterhouse, immediately cooled on ice, and stored at -20 OC until us ...
Differential function of Listeria monocytogenes listeriolysin O and
... approximately 10% of these CellTracker™ Blue-labelled cells were heavily infected with bacteria associated with F-actin (Fig. 3A, iLLO no IPTG). These data suggested that only a few iLLO bacteria were successful in escaping primary vacuoles under these conditions, a result consistent with decreased ...
... approximately 10% of these CellTracker™ Blue-labelled cells were heavily infected with bacteria associated with F-actin (Fig. 3A, iLLO no IPTG). These data suggested that only a few iLLO bacteria were successful in escaping primary vacuoles under these conditions, a result consistent with decreased ...
THE RENAL ELECTROGENIC Na+:HCO3 COTRANSPORTER
... channels, that could influence Vm. Thus, a DIDS-induced Vm change can hardly be regarded as specific for an electrogenic Na+:HCO3− cotransporter. Another approach that has been used to identify electrogenic Na+:HCO3− cotransporters is to monitor the Vm changes that occur when a CO2/HCO3− solution is ...
... channels, that could influence Vm. Thus, a DIDS-induced Vm change can hardly be regarded as specific for an electrogenic Na+:HCO3− cotransporter. Another approach that has been used to identify electrogenic Na+:HCO3− cotransporters is to monitor the Vm changes that occur when a CO2/HCO3− solution is ...
the fine-tuning of the endomembrane system
... cell and belongs to the plant cell endomembrane system. Therefore, the intracellular accommodation of rhizobia causes a reorganization of the endomembrane system of these cells. In Chapter 1, I give a general introduction and describe the formation of two types of nodules, which have an indeterminat ...
... cell and belongs to the plant cell endomembrane system. Therefore, the intracellular accommodation of rhizobia causes a reorganization of the endomembrane system of these cells. In Chapter 1, I give a general introduction and describe the formation of two types of nodules, which have an indeterminat ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell Plate Formation in
... This study reports on the 3-D architecture of somatic-type cell plates in apical meristem cells of Arabidopsis analyzed by means of dual-axis electron tomography of high-pressure frozen/ freeze-substituted shoot and root samples. No differences were detected in cell plate formation between shoot and ...
... This study reports on the 3-D architecture of somatic-type cell plates in apical meristem cells of Arabidopsis analyzed by means of dual-axis electron tomography of high-pressure frozen/ freeze-substituted shoot and root samples. No differences were detected in cell plate formation between shoot and ...
Intracellular calcium: friend or foe?
... points. Firstly, because they have to bind three Ca2+ to chemiluminesce the measured signal is related approximately to the cube of the free Ca2+ concentration. There is thus an amplification factor enabling smaller Ca2+changes to be detected than is possible with the fluors, especially if these occ ...
... points. Firstly, because they have to bind three Ca2+ to chemiluminesce the measured signal is related approximately to the cube of the free Ca2+ concentration. There is thus an amplification factor enabling smaller Ca2+changes to be detected than is possible with the fluors, especially if these occ ...
this PDF file
... The unique ladderane lipids in anammox bacterial anammoxosome are fundamentally different from those of cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria [10,12], implying that the distinctive origins and biosynthetic pathways of this kind of lipids. Because the special chemical constitutes of ladderane lipids is mu ...
... The unique ladderane lipids in anammox bacterial anammoxosome are fundamentally different from those of cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria [10,12], implying that the distinctive origins and biosynthetic pathways of this kind of lipids. Because the special chemical constitutes of ladderane lipids is mu ...
Integrin cytoplasmic domain-binding proteins
... possibility that integrin binding to a skelemin-like protein is important in many cell types. Cell signaling proteins In addition to providing a link to the actin cytoskeleton, integrin-β-tail-binding proteins also regulate outside-in and inside-out signaling. The absence of any detectable enzymatic ...
... possibility that integrin binding to a skelemin-like protein is important in many cell types. Cell signaling proteins In addition to providing a link to the actin cytoskeleton, integrin-β-tail-binding proteins also regulate outside-in and inside-out signaling. The absence of any detectable enzymatic ...
Chapter 8: Joints
... 12. Discuss the nature of synovial fluid and its function. 13. Discuss the structure and function of the bursae and tendon sheaths. 14. Describe the structural features for each of the types of synovial joints. 15. Describe all the types of movements at synovial joints and give examples. Know which ...
... 12. Discuss the nature of synovial fluid and its function. 13. Discuss the structure and function of the bursae and tendon sheaths. 14. Describe the structural features for each of the types of synovial joints. 15. Describe all the types of movements at synovial joints and give examples. Know which ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.