Archaea Topics in Biodiversity
... Stereochemistry of the glycerol group is the reverse of that found in other organisms. This implies that archaea use wholely different enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids than bacteria and eukaryotes. Such enzymes developed in very ancient geological times, suggesting an early split from the othe ...
... Stereochemistry of the glycerol group is the reverse of that found in other organisms. This implies that archaea use wholely different enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids than bacteria and eukaryotes. Such enzymes developed in very ancient geological times, suggesting an early split from the othe ...
Pass the bicarb: the importance of HCO3 – for mucin release
... roles of HCO3– and CFTR in stimulated release of mucin from the mouse small intestine (6). Secreted mucin in the gut is largely released by goblet cells, which are interspersed among enterocytes in the lining epithelium (Figure 1), and goblet cells are also similarly situated in the airway epitheliu ...
... roles of HCO3– and CFTR in stimulated release of mucin from the mouse small intestine (6). Secreted mucin in the gut is largely released by goblet cells, which are interspersed among enterocytes in the lining epithelium (Figure 1), and goblet cells are also similarly situated in the airway epitheliu ...
Chemical genetics discloses the importance of heme
... that consists of two distinct bacterial forms, an infectious form (EB) that infects the eukaryotic host cell, and a non-infectious form (RB) that allows intracellular proliferation. To be successful, chlamydiae need to alternate between EB and RB to generate infectious EB’s which are competent to in ...
... that consists of two distinct bacterial forms, an infectious form (EB) that infects the eukaryotic host cell, and a non-infectious form (RB) that allows intracellular proliferation. To be successful, chlamydiae need to alternate between EB and RB to generate infectious EB’s which are competent to in ...
Tensile Properties of Arabidopsis Cell Walls Depend on Both a
... composition to the mechanical properties of an organ, we must account for the contributions of turgor, cell-cell adhesion, the relative density of the foam (distribution of material between symplast and apoplast), and cell wall structure. The availability of Arabidopsis mutants with cell wall phenot ...
... composition to the mechanical properties of an organ, we must account for the contributions of turgor, cell-cell adhesion, the relative density of the foam (distribution of material between symplast and apoplast), and cell wall structure. The availability of Arabidopsis mutants with cell wall phenot ...
Specialized filopodia direct long-range transport of SHH
... the form of a particle that remains associated with the cell via long cytoplasmic extensions that span several cell diameters. We show that these cellular extensions are a specialized class of actin-based filopodia with novel cytoskeletal features that have not been previously described. Notably, pa ...
... the form of a particle that remains associated with the cell via long cytoplasmic extensions that span several cell diameters. We show that these cellular extensions are a specialized class of actin-based filopodia with novel cytoskeletal features that have not been previously described. Notably, pa ...
Supplementary Online Materials
... and/or its repartitioning out of membranes. According to current membrane-topological folding theory[1,3-5], it is plausible that the acidichydrophobic amphipathic DIDLID/DLG element, Neh5L and AD2 regions would exist in a non-structural loop when they are unfolded in solution. However, differential ...
... and/or its repartitioning out of membranes. According to current membrane-topological folding theory[1,3-5], it is plausible that the acidichydrophobic amphipathic DIDLID/DLG element, Neh5L and AD2 regions would exist in a non-structural loop when they are unfolded in solution. However, differential ...
as a PDF
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
The Amino-terminal Domain of the Golgi Protein Giantin Interacts
... Pfu turbo DNA polymerase to PCR amplify a "1.7-kb fragment from pGCP364/pSG5 using primers GL98, 5#-GACTCAGGATCCAATGAAGCTTCAAGAAGCCTTAATTTCC-3#, which contains a BamHI restriction site and a starting codon, and GL99, 5#-CCTGAGCTTCTACCTGAGAATTCAGATTACGAGTCTCTTC-3#, which contains an EcoRI restriction ...
... Pfu turbo DNA polymerase to PCR amplify a "1.7-kb fragment from pGCP364/pSG5 using primers GL98, 5#-GACTCAGGATCCAATGAAGCTTCAAGAAGCCTTAATTTCC-3#, which contains a BamHI restriction site and a starting codon, and GL99, 5#-CCTGAGCTTCTACCTGAGAATTCAGATTACGAGTCTCTTC-3#, which contains an EcoRI restriction ...
Mathematical models of ion transport through cell membrane channels
... All above mentioned transport mechanisms are essential for cell homeostasis, that is for securing the content of the interior of a cell, its volume, and an electric potential of the membrane. In the stationary state, the membrane potential is the result of a constant number (on average) of open chan ...
... All above mentioned transport mechanisms are essential for cell homeostasis, that is for securing the content of the interior of a cell, its volume, and an electric potential of the membrane. In the stationary state, the membrane potential is the result of a constant number (on average) of open chan ...
Cellulose orientation determines mechanical anisotropy in onion
... cellulose microfibrils are usually transversely oriented to the vector of the cell extension (Baskin et al., 1999; Sugimoto et al., 2000). At the same time, there have been surprisingly few direct confirmations that a specific alignment of cellulose microfibrils confers to the cell walls a mechanica ...
... cellulose microfibrils are usually transversely oriented to the vector of the cell extension (Baskin et al., 1999; Sugimoto et al., 2000). At the same time, there have been surprisingly few direct confirmations that a specific alignment of cellulose microfibrils confers to the cell walls a mechanica ...
Materials - HAL
... PI(4,5)P2 polar-heads was shown to decrease by 50% the association of PTPL1 with cytoskeletal fraction. These results identify the crucial role of the FERM domain in PTPL1 intracellular targeting and demonstrate that localization of PTPL1 is regulated by phosphoinositide metabolism. ...
... PI(4,5)P2 polar-heads was shown to decrease by 50% the association of PTPL1 with cytoskeletal fraction. These results identify the crucial role of the FERM domain in PTPL1 intracellular targeting and demonstrate that localization of PTPL1 is regulated by phosphoinositide metabolism. ...
Electrical Properties of the Pacemaker Neurons in the Heart
... /5, and y nerves from the rostral side. They are also called regulator nerves since on stimulation of them acceleratory or inhibitory effects are observed in the heartbeat. Irisawa and Hama (1965) found, with the aid of the electron microscope, that the nerve fibers in this ganglion were often tied ...
... /5, and y nerves from the rostral side. They are also called regulator nerves since on stimulation of them acceleratory or inhibitory effects are observed in the heartbeat. Irisawa and Hama (1965) found, with the aid of the electron microscope, that the nerve fibers in this ganglion were often tied ...
video slide
... -Prokaryotic cells tend to be smaller than eukaryotic, and lack nuclei, cytoplasmic membranes systems and organelles. -Eukaryotic cells have evolved or acquired many membrane bound compartments for specialized functions. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... -Prokaryotic cells tend to be smaller than eukaryotic, and lack nuclei, cytoplasmic membranes systems and organelles. -Eukaryotic cells have evolved or acquired many membrane bound compartments for specialized functions. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
(ECM) Binding Sites on the Basal Surface of Embryonic Corneal
... stroma by EDTA or trypsin collagenase, the basal surface extends cell processes called blebs (4, 20). On collagenous substrata, the basal surface flattens, whereas it continues to bleb on bare Millipore filters. The epithelium cultured on lens capsule or collagen gel produces over twice as much coll ...
... stroma by EDTA or trypsin collagenase, the basal surface extends cell processes called blebs (4, 20). On collagenous substrata, the basal surface flattens, whereas it continues to bleb on bare Millipore filters. The epithelium cultured on lens capsule or collagen gel produces over twice as much coll ...
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium
... The epidermis of grass leaf blade is a model system of choice for unravelling cellular processes underlying growth responses. This is because of the presence of a developmental gradient along the leaf axis that spatially separates cell proliferation from cell expansion and maturation, allowing thus ...
... The epidermis of grass leaf blade is a model system of choice for unravelling cellular processes underlying growth responses. This is because of the presence of a developmental gradient along the leaf axis that spatially separates cell proliferation from cell expansion and maturation, allowing thus ...
Targeting of Salmonella typhimurium to Vesicles Containing
... transport newly synthesized soluble enzymes containing M6P from the TGN to late endosomes via clathrin-coated vesicles (von Figura and Hasilik, 1986; Kornfeld, 1987, 1992; Kornfeld and MeUman, 1989). Many intracellular pathogens interact with the prelysosomal and lysosomal compartments of phagocytic ...
... transport newly synthesized soluble enzymes containing M6P from the TGN to late endosomes via clathrin-coated vesicles (von Figura and Hasilik, 1986; Kornfeld, 1987, 1992; Kornfeld and MeUman, 1989). Many intracellular pathogens interact with the prelysosomal and lysosomal compartments of phagocytic ...
Adaptation of Microorganisms to Cold Temperatures, Weak Acid
... types of organism possess different inherent resistances and susceptibilities to stress. For instance, Gram-negative bacteria are regarded as being more sensitive to cold shock, chilling, and freezing than Gram-positive bacteria (Straka and Stokes 1959). The microbial stress responses that have been ...
... types of organism possess different inherent resistances and susceptibilities to stress. For instance, Gram-negative bacteria are regarded as being more sensitive to cold shock, chilling, and freezing than Gram-positive bacteria (Straka and Stokes 1959). The microbial stress responses that have been ...
Computational Models Reveal a Passive Mechanism for Cell
... generates behaviour that is expected for the crypt: a steady turnover of cells, such that cell birth and death are matched, and approximately half of the cells are proliferative. Stochasticity arises in all of the models primarily through random cell birth events, which are determined by a stochasti ...
... generates behaviour that is expected for the crypt: a steady turnover of cells, such that cell birth and death are matched, and approximately half of the cells are proliferative. Stochasticity arises in all of the models primarily through random cell birth events, which are determined by a stochasti ...
as PDF
... Durell et al. proposed a 3-D structural model of amyloid channels obtained from a computer simulation of the secondary structure of AβP(1–40) in membranes that showed the aggregation of 5- to 8-mers to form pore-like structures on the membranes (Durell et al., 1994). Jang et al. established a model ...
... Durell et al. proposed a 3-D structural model of amyloid channels obtained from a computer simulation of the secondary structure of AβP(1–40) in membranes that showed the aggregation of 5- to 8-mers to form pore-like structures on the membranes (Durell et al., 1994). Jang et al. established a model ...
Amyloplasts and Vacuolar Membrane Dynamics in
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
File produced at level 10
... remodeling and rearrangement of mitochondrial networks, as well as for enabling mitochondrial segregation during cell division. William Bleazard and colleagues in Janet Shaw's lab, and Hiromi Sesaki in Rob Jensen's lab at Johns Hopkins University, defined a role in yeast mitochondrial division for a ...
... remodeling and rearrangement of mitochondrial networks, as well as for enabling mitochondrial segregation during cell division. William Bleazard and colleagues in Janet Shaw's lab, and Hiromi Sesaki in Rob Jensen's lab at Johns Hopkins University, defined a role in yeast mitochondrial division for a ...
Exclusion of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/oxygenase
... degraded into small nitrogenous molecules such as oligopeptides and/or amino acids within the chloroplasts at the early to middle stage of senescence and that the rest is then degraded by vacuolar proteases in the process of autolysis in the last stage of senescence. It is now known that chloroplast ...
... degraded into small nitrogenous molecules such as oligopeptides and/or amino acids within the chloroplasts at the early to middle stage of senescence and that the rest is then degraded by vacuolar proteases in the process of autolysis in the last stage of senescence. It is now known that chloroplast ...
Salinity Effects on the Activity of Plasma Membrane H+ and Ca2+
... calibrated in a known set of standards (calcium from 50 to 500 mM; pH from 4.5 to 8) twiceÐwithout NaCl (used to calculate net ion ¯uxes before salt treatment), and with 90 mM NaCl present in each standard (used to calculate ¯uxes after salt was applied). In both types of standards, the average elec ...
... calibrated in a known set of standards (calcium from 50 to 500 mM; pH from 4.5 to 8) twiceÐwithout NaCl (used to calculate net ion ¯uxes before salt treatment), and with 90 mM NaCl present in each standard (used to calculate ¯uxes after salt was applied). In both types of standards, the average elec ...
Cochlear - Association of Surgical Technologists
... has historically viewed electricity as something more vaudevillian than legitimate medicine. I t has not been until the latter half of this century that certain aspects of electrical stimulation has been viewed as a viable medical treatment. The field with the greatest acceptance has been audiology, ...
... has historically viewed electricity as something more vaudevillian than legitimate medicine. I t has not been until the latter half of this century that certain aspects of electrical stimulation has been viewed as a viable medical treatment. The field with the greatest acceptance has been audiology, ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.