Ch 16 Aldehydes and Ketones I
... • The first step is a simple Sn2 reaction with the phosphorous displacing the halide • The second step is an acid-base reaction in which a strong base, usually an alkyllithium or phenyl lithium, removes a proton from the carbon attached to the phosphorous ...
... • The first step is a simple Sn2 reaction with the phosphorous displacing the halide • The second step is an acid-base reaction in which a strong base, usually an alkyllithium or phenyl lithium, removes a proton from the carbon attached to the phosphorous ...
Group B_reaction of alkynes
... the proton must be stronger than base that is generated. Start with a stronger base than the base that will be formed. NH3 is a weaker acid than terminal alkyne, the conjugate base of NH3 (NH2-) is a stronger base than the carbocation- called acetylide ion- formed when a hydrogen is removed from ...
... the proton must be stronger than base that is generated. Start with a stronger base than the base that will be formed. NH3 is a weaker acid than terminal alkyne, the conjugate base of NH3 (NH2-) is a stronger base than the carbocation- called acetylide ion- formed when a hydrogen is removed from ...
Stereoselective Reduction of Ketones with Sodium Borohydride
... Usefulness of these compounds – The carbon atoms is nuclophilic – Widely used to make new carbon-carbon bonds – Used to attach carbonyl groups of aldehydes, ketones, and esters ...
... Usefulness of these compounds – The carbon atoms is nuclophilic – Widely used to make new carbon-carbon bonds – Used to attach carbonyl groups of aldehydes, ketones, and esters ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... • The sp2 hybridized C–H proton of an aldehyde is highly deshielded and absorbs far downfield at 9–10 ppm. • Splitting occurs with protons on the α carbon, but the coupling constant is often very small (J = 1–3 Hz). • Protons on the α carbon to the carbonyl group absorb at ...
... • The sp2 hybridized C–H proton of an aldehyde is highly deshielded and absorbs far downfield at 9–10 ppm. • Splitting occurs with protons on the α carbon, but the coupling constant is often very small (J = 1–3 Hz). • Protons on the α carbon to the carbonyl group absorb at ...
Chapter 14 – Aldehydes and Ketones
... or ketone into an alcohol. We can add this hydrogen in one of two different ways. The first is to split apart a hydrogen molecule and add the two product hydrogen atoms or to use a hydride donor, followed by adding a proton (H+). For industrial scale reductions of small aldehydes and ketones the for ...
... or ketone into an alcohol. We can add this hydrogen in one of two different ways. The first is to split apart a hydrogen molecule and add the two product hydrogen atoms or to use a hydride donor, followed by adding a proton (H+). For industrial scale reductions of small aldehydes and ketones the for ...
Lectures 15, 16 and 17
... • The net result is that the bond is broken, two new bonds are formed, and the elements of H and Nu are added across the bond. • Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic attack for both steric and electronic reasons. ...
... • The net result is that the bond is broken, two new bonds are formed, and the elements of H and Nu are added across the bond. • Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic attack for both steric and electronic reasons. ...
Carbonyl compounds
... of nucleophilic agents at the carbonyl carbon dominate the reactivity of carbonyl compounds. ...
... of nucleophilic agents at the carbonyl carbon dominate the reactivity of carbonyl compounds. ...
7. Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis
... Br+ adds to an alkene producing a cyclic ion Bromonium ion, bromine shares charge with carbon ...
... Br+ adds to an alkene producing a cyclic ion Bromonium ion, bromine shares charge with carbon ...
Document
... • The alcohol in the exhaled breath is oxidized by the Cr6+ reagent, which turns green in the tube. • The higher the concentration of CH3CH2OH in the breath, the more Cr6+ is reduced, and the farther the green Cr3+ color extends down the length of the sample tube. • The extent of the green color is ...
... • The alcohol in the exhaled breath is oxidized by the Cr6+ reagent, which turns green in the tube. • The higher the concentration of CH3CH2OH in the breath, the more Cr6+ is reduced, and the farther the green Cr3+ color extends down the length of the sample tube. • The extent of the green color is ...
Aldehydes and Ketones-12c - TAMU
... the carboxylic acid while the Ag(I) ion is reduced to metallic silver which forms a black precipitate or a silver mirror on clean glass surfaces. The test is negative with other O-containing functional groups. ...
... the carboxylic acid while the Ag(I) ion is reduced to metallic silver which forms a black precipitate or a silver mirror on clean glass surfaces. The test is negative with other O-containing functional groups. ...
Weekly Review Lecture
... Problems Part I: Explaining stuff based on aromaticity: 1) Is each of the compounds below aromatic, antiaromatic, or non-aromatic? ...
... Problems Part I: Explaining stuff based on aromaticity: 1) Is each of the compounds below aromatic, antiaromatic, or non-aromatic? ...
Chem 341 Review for Finals Key Reactions Mechanisms
... Chem 341 Review for Finals Reaction Types • RMgBr (Grignard Reagents) –Preparation from alkyl halides –Reactions with aldehydes, ketones, and esters • Nucleophilic Addition to Ketones – Irreversible additions: LiAlH4 RMgBr – Reversible additions: alcohols => hemiacetal & acetal – Addition-Eliminati ...
... Chem 341 Review for Finals Reaction Types • RMgBr (Grignard Reagents) –Preparation from alkyl halides –Reactions with aldehydes, ketones, and esters • Nucleophilic Addition to Ketones – Irreversible additions: LiAlH4 RMgBr – Reversible additions: alcohols => hemiacetal & acetal – Addition-Eliminati ...
Chapter 7 Alkenes and Alkynes I
... The P-2 catalyst nickel boride results in syn addition of one equivalent of hydrogen to a triple bond An internal alkyne will yield a cis double bond ...
... The P-2 catalyst nickel boride results in syn addition of one equivalent of hydrogen to a triple bond An internal alkyne will yield a cis double bond ...
18.10 CONJUGATE ADDITIONS
... The overall result of a conjugate addition is the addition of a proton and a nucleophile to the CC double bond. However, this reaction differs greatly from the additions discussed in Chapter 11, in which the electrophile adds first. Here, the nucleophile adds in the first step. This reaction does no ...
... The overall result of a conjugate addition is the addition of a proton and a nucleophile to the CC double bond. However, this reaction differs greatly from the additions discussed in Chapter 11, in which the electrophile adds first. Here, the nucleophile adds in the first step. This reaction does no ...
CHE-06 year 2004
... Rearrangement is the characteristic of carbocation, explain this characteristic of carbocation with an example. ...
... Rearrangement is the characteristic of carbocation, explain this characteristic of carbocation with an example. ...
CN>Chapter 22CT>Carbonyl Alpha
... as being in the α position Electrophilic substitution occurs at this position through either an enol or enolate ion ...
... as being in the α position Electrophilic substitution occurs at this position through either an enol or enolate ion ...
lecture 3 - aldehydes and ketones
... As a result of unequal sharing, the carbonyl bond is polar covalent and the oxygen acquires a partial negative charge. Dipole/dipole interactions aren’t as strong as hydrogen bonds, but they do cause aldehydes and ketones to boil at higher temperatures than alkanes. O d O ...
... As a result of unequal sharing, the carbonyl bond is polar covalent and the oxygen acquires a partial negative charge. Dipole/dipole interactions aren’t as strong as hydrogen bonds, but they do cause aldehydes and ketones to boil at higher temperatures than alkanes. O d O ...
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS - Aldehydes and Ketones C=O C C C
... • the carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridised and three sigma (σ) bonds are planar • the unhybridised 2p orbital of carbon is at 90° to these • it overlaps with a 2p orbital of oxygen to form a pi (π) bond • as oxygen is more electronegative than carbon the bond is polar ...
... • the carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridised and three sigma (σ) bonds are planar • the unhybridised 2p orbital of carbon is at 90° to these • it overlaps with a 2p orbital of oxygen to form a pi (π) bond • as oxygen is more electronegative than carbon the bond is polar ...
Week 10 Problem Set (Answers) (4/17, 4/18, 4/19) Reactions and
... another bond is broken? Well, E2 reactions occur via this same mechanism. A new pi bond is formed at the same time a leaving group leaves. Something similar may be occurring here. Additionally, we have to examine the reagent. tBuOK is a strong bulky base that favors E2 elimination towards the less-s ...
... another bond is broken? Well, E2 reactions occur via this same mechanism. A new pi bond is formed at the same time a leaving group leaves. Something similar may be occurring here. Additionally, we have to examine the reagent. tBuOK is a strong bulky base that favors E2 elimination towards the less-s ...