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Aldehydes and Ketones - University of Nebraska Omaha
Aldehydes and Ketones - University of Nebraska Omaha

... • Hydrogen bonding is not possible between (purely) aldehyde or ketone molecules. • Aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols and carboxylic acids, compounds in which hydrogen bonding between molecules is possible. ...
carbonyl group
carbonyl group

... Aldehydes and ketones are characterized by the presence of the carbonyl group, which is perhaps the most important functional group in organic chemistry. Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon atom. The remaining group may be another hydrogen atom or any aliphatic ...
Organic Chemistry II / CHEM 252 Chapter 16
Organic Chemistry II / CHEM 252 Chapter 16

... • Dissolving aldehydes (or ketones) in water causes formation of an equilibrium between the carbonyl compound and its hydrate – The hydrate is also called a gem-diol (gem i.e. geminal, indicates the presence of two identical substituents on the same carbon) – The equilibrum favors a ketone over its ...
OChem 1 Mechanism Flashcards Dr. Peter Norris, 2015
OChem 1 Mechanism Flashcards Dr. Peter Norris, 2015

... Chiral starting material gives racemic mixture of enantiomeric products ...
Yeast Reduction #812
Yeast Reduction #812

... Treatment of a ketone with either agent will reduce the carbonyl group to yield an alcohol. However, these reducing agents do not react to form a chiral alcohol because the hydride can attack both sides of the planar carbonyl group yielding a mixture of both enantiomers.4 In order to achieve a chira ...
Chapter 8. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Chapter 8. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS

... reactions are very useful in organic synthesis for the C-C bond formation and in living systems. The mechanism of the aldol condensation shows two substantial characteristics of carbonyl compounds: the CH-acidity of the α position and the tendency of the carbonyl group to nucleophilic addition. The ...
Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
Carbonyl Condensation Reactions

Esterification Worksheet
Esterification Worksheet

Iodoform Test - organicchem.org
Iodoform Test - organicchem.org

Procedure - organicchem.org
Procedure - organicchem.org

Excercises 6-10
Excercises 6-10

Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... sodium ethoxide in ethanol, it reacts rapidly; the product is 4-tert-butylcyclohexene. Under the same condition , trans1-bromo-4-ter-butylcyclohexane reacts very slowly. Write conformational structures and explain the difference in reactivity of these cis-trans isomers. ...
O V O O RO OH t-BuOOH, CH2Cl2, Ti(OPr-i)4(cat), 20 oC (L)
O V O O RO OH t-BuOOH, CH2Cl2, Ti(OPr-i)4(cat), 20 oC (L)

PDF aldehydes and ketones
PDF aldehydes and ketones

... ethoxide) are required to generate the carbanions. This is known as Claisen condensation, and the product is a β-keto ester. ...
Alkenes undergo Addition Reactions Predict the product of each
Alkenes undergo Addition Reactions Predict the product of each

... Do a reaction backwards = Synthesis! Given a target compound (often large) and a starting material (usually small), figure out how to make it. Describe a synthesis of ethanol starting from appropriate alkene. Synthesis Strategy: Identify functional group in target compound. How is this functional g ...
nucleophilic addition
nucleophilic addition

... “The Grignard Song” (sung to the tune of “America the Beautiful”) Harry Wasserman The carbonyl is polarized, the carbon end is plus. A nucleophile will thus attack the carbon nucleus. The Grignard yields an alcohol of types there are but three. It makes a bond that corresponds from “C” to shining “ ...
carbonyl chemistry 1
carbonyl chemistry 1

... Thus, the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or a ketone can be protected in the form of an acetal or ketal. Deprotection following reaction on other regions of the molecule then yields the carbonyl group again – this then is the first protection/deprotection protocol we have encountered. In general, sim ...
Chapter_Sixteen_lecture
Chapter_Sixteen_lecture

... Acetals The initial product of addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones with alcohols are known as hemiacetals. Compounds with both an -OH group and an -OR group bonded to the same carbon atom. ...
Chapter 17 Aldehydes and Ketones
Chapter 17 Aldehydes and Ketones

... must start with it as carbon-1, there is no need to use a number to locate the aldehyde group. • For unsaturated aldehydes, indicate the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond by changing the ending of the parent alkane from -ane to -enal. Numbering the carbon chain begins with the aldehyde carbony ...
Chapter 16 Aldehydes and Ketones I. Nucleophilic Addition to
Chapter 16 Aldehydes and Ketones I. Nucleophilic Addition to

Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word

... there is a sole study on a guanidine catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition reaction. This study appeared in the literature during the course of our studies. The results suggested ample scope for improvement and we chose to investigate this possibility with malonate esters as the nucleophilic compo ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

Carbohydrates Typical formula: C (H O) , eg glucose: C H O
Carbohydrates Typical formula: C (H O) , eg glucose: C H O

... solution is called a reducing sugar. It is the aldehyde or a-hydroxyketone group that is oxidized. Therefore, glycosides are not reducing sugars (unless R, itself, is a hemicactal that can open to an aldose or ketose.) ...
4. Carbonyl chemistry
4. Carbonyl chemistry

Orbitals - drjosephryan.com
Orbitals - drjosephryan.com

... • Glucose, a polyhydroxy aldehyde, undergoes intramolecular nucleophilic addition • Exists primarily as a cyclic hemiacetal ...
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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a chemical reaction between a 1,3-dipole and a dipolarophile to form a five-membered ring. The earliest 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions were described in the late 19th century to the early 20th century, following the discovery of 1,3-dipoles. Mechanistic investigation and synthetic application were established in the 1960s, primarily through the work of Rolf Huisgen. Hence, the reaction is sometimes referred to as the Huisgen cycloaddition (this term is often used to specifically describe the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an organic azide and an alkyne to generate 1,2,3-triazole). Currently, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is an important route to the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of five-membered heterocycles and their ring-opened acyclic derivatives.
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