Senior Science topics Programme
... exemplified by the hydrogenation of ethene. The process in which the reaction is speeded up by the presence of a catalyst is illustrated by 3-D animation. ...
... exemplified by the hydrogenation of ethene. The process in which the reaction is speeded up by the presence of a catalyst is illustrated by 3-D animation. ...
CH 3502 4500
... 16. Discuss the mechanism of cleavage of ethers by HI. 17. Explain Williamson’s synthesis of ethers. 18. Discuss Norrish type-I reaction. 19. Discuss the mechanism of Wittig reaction and its uses in organic synthesis. 20. Explain Wolf-Kishner reduction with its mechanism. 21. Give any two methods o ...
... 16. Discuss the mechanism of cleavage of ethers by HI. 17. Explain Williamson’s synthesis of ethers. 18. Discuss Norrish type-I reaction. 19. Discuss the mechanism of Wittig reaction and its uses in organic synthesis. 20. Explain Wolf-Kishner reduction with its mechanism. 21. Give any two methods o ...
Types of Reactions in Organic Chemistry Chemistry
... produced. The reverse reaction of esterification is known as hydrolysis. The base catalysed hydrolysis of esters is called saponification. The naturally occurring ester glyceryl tristearate, found in animal fats, may be hydrolysed to form sodium stearate (soap) and the alcohol glycerol. An addition ...
... produced. The reverse reaction of esterification is known as hydrolysis. The base catalysed hydrolysis of esters is called saponification. The naturally occurring ester glyceryl tristearate, found in animal fats, may be hydrolysed to form sodium stearate (soap) and the alcohol glycerol. An addition ...
- KCN K+ R KOH + H2O
... Remember, RBr ⇒ ROH; and we have seen that RCHO or R2CO ⇒ R”CH2OH or R”2CHOH (oxidation of aldehydes and ketones) Which starting materials would you use to prepare PhCH=C(CH3)2? PhCHO and (CH3)2CHBr versus PhCH2Br and (CH3)2CO? How would you prepare PhCH2Br from PhCOOMe? How would you prepare PhCHO ...
... Remember, RBr ⇒ ROH; and we have seen that RCHO or R2CO ⇒ R”CH2OH or R”2CHOH (oxidation of aldehydes and ketones) Which starting materials would you use to prepare PhCH=C(CH3)2? PhCHO and (CH3)2CHBr versus PhCH2Br and (CH3)2CO? How would you prepare PhCH2Br from PhCOOMe? How would you prepare PhCHO ...
SCH4U Organic Chemistry Portfolio Name: This portfolio is due on
... combustion of PVC in oxygen – no need to balance. Suggest a reason why its incineration poses a serious risk during a fire. ...
... combustion of PVC in oxygen – no need to balance. Suggest a reason why its incineration poses a serious risk during a fire. ...
suman_organic
... Which type of systems act as E+ or Nu-? Same system act as E+ or Nu- depending on which system it reacts. Acidity and Basicity: General idea of order of acidity and basicity. Bronsted & Lewis theory. Effect of back-bonding , aromaticity, SIR,etc. ...
... Which type of systems act as E+ or Nu-? Same system act as E+ or Nu- depending on which system it reacts. Acidity and Basicity: General idea of order of acidity and basicity. Bronsted & Lewis theory. Effect of back-bonding , aromaticity, SIR,etc. ...
Chap Thirteen: Alcohols
... ii. Reduction of Esters and Carboxylic Acids with LiAlH4 only LEARNING OUTCOMES: Understand the formation of alcohols through use of organometallics in carboncarbon bond forming reactions with electrophiles Predict the stereochemistry and optical activity of a product from an understanding of it ...
... ii. Reduction of Esters and Carboxylic Acids with LiAlH4 only LEARNING OUTCOMES: Understand the formation of alcohols through use of organometallics in carboncarbon bond forming reactions with electrophiles Predict the stereochemistry and optical activity of a product from an understanding of it ...
Asymmetric Organocatalysis
... One of these approaches consists in activating the acceptors – mostly α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (R4 = H) and ketones (R4 = alkyl) – by reversible conversion to a chiral iminium ion. As shown in Scheme 4.2a, reversible condensation of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound with a chiral secondary ami ...
... One of these approaches consists in activating the acceptors – mostly α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (R4 = H) and ketones (R4 = alkyl) – by reversible conversion to a chiral iminium ion. As shown in Scheme 4.2a, reversible condensation of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound with a chiral secondary ami ...
The Baylis–Hillman reaction is an organic reaction of an aldehyde
... catalytic amount of base to drive the reaction. Limitations One of the main drawbacks of the Henry Reaction is the potential for side reactions throughout the course of the reaction. Aside from the reversibility of the reaction (RetroHenry) which could prevent the reaction from proceeding, the β-nit ...
... catalytic amount of base to drive the reaction. Limitations One of the main drawbacks of the Henry Reaction is the potential for side reactions throughout the course of the reaction. Aside from the reversibility of the reaction (RetroHenry) which could prevent the reaction from proceeding, the β-nit ...
Exam 1
... As mentioned in the text, diethyl ether, pentane, and 1-butanol have similar molar masses, but different physical properties. Boiling points are 35oC, 36oC, and 117oC, respectively. Their respective solubilities in water are 7.5g/100mL, insoluble, and 9g/100mL. (i) Draw structures for each of these ...
... As mentioned in the text, diethyl ether, pentane, and 1-butanol have similar molar masses, but different physical properties. Boiling points are 35oC, 36oC, and 117oC, respectively. Their respective solubilities in water are 7.5g/100mL, insoluble, and 9g/100mL. (i) Draw structures for each of these ...
Oxacyclopropane (Epoxide) Synthesis: Epoxidation by
... This reagent is less useful than OsO4 because of its tendency towards overoxidation. The deep purple KMnO4 is converted into a brown precipitate, (MnO2) during the reaction, which can serve as a useful test for the presence of alkenes. ...
... This reagent is less useful than OsO4 because of its tendency towards overoxidation. The deep purple KMnO4 is converted into a brown precipitate, (MnO2) during the reaction, which can serve as a useful test for the presence of alkenes. ...
AMINO ACIDS Ethan Secor, John N. Gitua (Mentor)
... maintained by mixing acetone and dry ice. The imine was added to this mixture. The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature. Carbon dioxide was introduced from the sublimation of dry ice. Finally, hydrochloric acid was added to quench the reaction. The organic layer was extracted, a ...
... maintained by mixing acetone and dry ice. The imine was added to this mixture. The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature. Carbon dioxide was introduced from the sublimation of dry ice. Finally, hydrochloric acid was added to quench the reaction. The organic layer was extracted, a ...
8. Chemistry of cooking
... (b) Capsaicin is found in chilli peppers and is responsible for the burning sensation you experience when you eat them. Milk is used to relieve the sensation as the milk dissolves the capsaicin. What substances present in milk allow the capsaicin to be dissolved? ...
... (b) Capsaicin is found in chilli peppers and is responsible for the burning sensation you experience when you eat them. Milk is used to relieve the sensation as the milk dissolves the capsaicin. What substances present in milk allow the capsaicin to be dissolved? ...
Chemistry Final Test
... rxn. d, respectively. One of these reaction is first-order, and the other is second-order. The following data were collected for these two reactions: ...
... rxn. d, respectively. One of these reaction is first-order, and the other is second-order. The following data were collected for these two reactions: ...
Mechanism
... has come up with a strange and unexpected product. Give a mechanism to explain his reaction. ...
... has come up with a strange and unexpected product. Give a mechanism to explain his reaction. ...
Solution Key - Chemistry With BT
... Is the stereoisomer obtained in the reaction above optically active? Explain. No, it is not possible to obtain a chiral product from an achiral reactant unless chiral reaction conditions are utilized, such as enzyme catalysis ...
... Is the stereoisomer obtained in the reaction above optically active? Explain. No, it is not possible to obtain a chiral product from an achiral reactant unless chiral reaction conditions are utilized, such as enzyme catalysis ...
Answer on Question#52196 - Chemistry
... reason for the variability of the ratio of Markovnikov to anti-Markovnikov reaction products was due to the unrealized presence of free radical generating substances such as peroxides. The explanation is that HBr produces a Br radical, which then reacts with the double bond. Since the bromine atom i ...
... reason for the variability of the ratio of Markovnikov to anti-Markovnikov reaction products was due to the unrealized presence of free radical generating substances such as peroxides. The explanation is that HBr produces a Br radical, which then reacts with the double bond. Since the bromine atom i ...
Document
... oxidized by this reagent, the silver ions are reduced to metallic silver, which forms a black precipitate and, if the test tube is clean, a silver mirror on the test tube. (E. Ferric Chloride Test for Phenols) When a phenol is treated with a solution of ferric chloride, colored complex ions are rapi ...
... oxidized by this reagent, the silver ions are reduced to metallic silver, which forms a black precipitate and, if the test tube is clean, a silver mirror on the test tube. (E. Ferric Chloride Test for Phenols) When a phenol is treated with a solution of ferric chloride, colored complex ions are rapi ...
18 Important and sometimes forgotten) organic transformations
... •Reagents used are iodine and silver acetate in wet acetic acid ...
... •Reagents used are iodine and silver acetate in wet acetic acid ...
CHAPTER-6 DEHYDROHALOGENATION OF ALKYL HALIDES
... Dehydration of Alcohols to form Ethers • Simple, symmetrical ethers can be formed from the intermolecular acid‐catalyzed dehydration of 1° (or methyl) alcohols (a “substitution reaction”) • 2° and 3° alcohols can’t be used because they eliminate (intramolecular dehydration) to form alkenes ...
... Dehydration of Alcohols to form Ethers • Simple, symmetrical ethers can be formed from the intermolecular acid‐catalyzed dehydration of 1° (or methyl) alcohols (a “substitution reaction”) • 2° and 3° alcohols can’t be used because they eliminate (intramolecular dehydration) to form alkenes ...
AS Chemistry - Module 1 Definitions
... polymer accompanied by the loss of a small molecule such as water ...
... polymer accompanied by the loss of a small molecule such as water ...
Combustion, Addition and Elimination Objective Combustion Example
... It may be possible to have more than one product from a reaction. Example: but-1-ene + hydrogen fluoride. ...
... It may be possible to have more than one product from a reaction. Example: but-1-ene + hydrogen fluoride. ...
doc CHEM 222 Lab exam with Answers
... temperature and then allowing them to come back out of solution. 2.__T___ The purpose of refluxing is to carry out a reaction at the boiling point of the solvent. 3.__F___ All chemical reactions must take place in solution. 4.__T___ When a carbene is formed in the presence of an alkene, a cyclopropa ...
... temperature and then allowing them to come back out of solution. 2.__T___ The purpose of refluxing is to carry out a reaction at the boiling point of the solvent. 3.__F___ All chemical reactions must take place in solution. 4.__T___ When a carbene is formed in the presence of an alkene, a cyclopropa ...
DESIGN OF CHIRAL IMINO- AND AMINOPYRIDINE LIGANDS
... The synthesis of new molecules that can work as chiral ligands in metal catalyzed enantioselective reactions is currently an area of great interest.1,2 These ligands must be capable of coordinating with the metal ion, generating around it a highly asymmetric environment so that the complex formed is ...
... The synthesis of new molecules that can work as chiral ligands in metal catalyzed enantioselective reactions is currently an area of great interest.1,2 These ligands must be capable of coordinating with the metal ion, generating around it a highly asymmetric environment so that the complex formed is ...
Baylis–Hillman reaction
The Baylis–Hillman reaction is a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction between the α-position of an activated alkene and an aldehyde, or generally a carbon electrophile. Employing a nucleophilic catalyst, such as tertiary amine and phosphine, this reaction provides a densely functionalized product (e.g. functionalized allyl alcohol in the case of aldehyde as the electrophile). This reaction is also known as the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction or MBH reaction. It is named for the Japanese chemist Ken-ichi Morita, the British chemist Anthony B. Baylis and the German chemist Melville E. D. Hillman.DABCO is one of the most frequently used tertiary amine catalysts for this reaction. In addition, nucleophilic amines such as DMAP and DBU as well as phosphines have been found to successfully catalyze this reaction.MBH reaction has several advantages as a useful synthetic method: 1) It is an atom-economic coupling of easily prepared starting materials. 2) Reaction of a pro-chiral electrophile generates a chiral center, therefore an asymmetric synthesis is possible. 3) Reaction products usually contain multiple functionalities in a proximity so that a variety of further transformations are possible. 4) It can employ a nucleophilic organo-catalytic system without the use of heavy metal under mild conditions.Several reviews have been written.