CSM 101 Fall 2010 Timeline
... remaining two carbons are used to form the compound acetyl CoA, NADH if also produced. Occurs in the matric of the mitochondria or the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. c. Citric acid cycle: Acetyl CoA is oxidized to two molecules of carbon dioxide, 3 NADH, an ATP and FADH2 is produced, the cycle runs twice ...
... remaining two carbons are used to form the compound acetyl CoA, NADH if also produced. Occurs in the matric of the mitochondria or the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. c. Citric acid cycle: Acetyl CoA is oxidized to two molecules of carbon dioxide, 3 NADH, an ATP and FADH2 is produced, the cycle runs twice ...
biol-1406_ch3notes.ppt
... __________ (C6H12O6): the most common _________ (found in corn syrup and fruits) __________ (found in lactose) ______ and ____________(found in RNA and ...
... __________ (C6H12O6): the most common _________ (found in corn syrup and fruits) __________ (found in lactose) ______ and ____________(found in RNA and ...
biol-1406_ch3notes.pdf
... __________ (C6H12O6): the most common _________ (found in corn syrup and fruits) __________ (found in lactose) ______ and ____________(found in RNA and DNA) ...
... __________ (C6H12O6): the most common _________ (found in corn syrup and fruits) __________ (found in lactose) ______ and ____________(found in RNA and DNA) ...
Fermentation/ Citric Acid Cycle
... The Electron Transport Chain: - Occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane - NADH and FADH2 contain high energy electrons that are passed along a transport chain (similar to the chain in the light reactions of photosynthesis) - The energy they released is used to PUMP PROTONS out of the MATRIX - CH ...
... The Electron Transport Chain: - Occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane - NADH and FADH2 contain high energy electrons that are passed along a transport chain (similar to the chain in the light reactions of photosynthesis) - The energy they released is used to PUMP PROTONS out of the MATRIX - CH ...
Biochemical Pathways – Legends General Remarks for
... Effectors with a "fast" regulation of the flow (e. g. by allosteric mechanisms) have a continuous orange arrow coming from the side, those with a "slow" regulation (e. g. by induction or repression of the enzyme synthesis) a dashed orange arrow. ⊕ = increase, = decrease of enzymatic activity. Roma ...
... Effectors with a "fast" regulation of the flow (e. g. by allosteric mechanisms) have a continuous orange arrow coming from the side, those with a "slow" regulation (e. g. by induction or repression of the enzyme synthesis) a dashed orange arrow. ⊕ = increase, = decrease of enzymatic activity. Roma ...
Sample exam 2
... The NH3 group is converted to Urea The NH3 group is converted to Acetyl-CoA The carbon skeleton is converted to Glucose The carbon skeleton is converted to Urea The carbon skeleton is converted to Ketone bodies ...
... The NH3 group is converted to Urea The NH3 group is converted to Acetyl-CoA The carbon skeleton is converted to Glucose The carbon skeleton is converted to Urea The carbon skeleton is converted to Ketone bodies ...
MS Word File
... – Carbons bound to hydrogens are not polar Most often found as fatty-acid – Carboxyl group at one end – Carbon/hydrogen chain • Chain may be saturated or unsaturated • Saturated means that each carbon (except the carboxyl carbon) is bound to the maximum number of hydrogens Fats ...
... – Carbons bound to hydrogens are not polar Most often found as fatty-acid – Carboxyl group at one end – Carbon/hydrogen chain • Chain may be saturated or unsaturated • Saturated means that each carbon (except the carboxyl carbon) is bound to the maximum number of hydrogens Fats ...
Chapter 3: Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis
... 13-40 Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false. A. The proteins of the electron-transport chain remove a pair of high-energy electrons from the cofactors NADH and FADH2, after which the electrons move across the inner mitochondria ...
... 13-40 Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false. A. The proteins of the electron-transport chain remove a pair of high-energy electrons from the cofactors NADH and FADH2, after which the electrons move across the inner mitochondria ...
METABOLIC PATHWAYS Section 6 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF
... Instead, this reaction is slowed down so that 3 ATP molecules are formed: 52 - 21 = 3 ATP molecules + 31 kcal heat, efficiency is 40%. If O2 is not available to the cytochrome system, ATP will not be formed by the mitochondria. FAD flavine adenine dinucleotide is similar to NAD I. Carbohydrate metab ...
... Instead, this reaction is slowed down so that 3 ATP molecules are formed: 52 - 21 = 3 ATP molecules + 31 kcal heat, efficiency is 40%. If O2 is not available to the cytochrome system, ATP will not be formed by the mitochondria. FAD flavine adenine dinucleotide is similar to NAD I. Carbohydrate metab ...
FPG Summary
... - Isomer —> same number of atoms just in different combination - Enantiomer —> an isomer that has a mirror image - Pyra ring —> 5 carbons + 1 oxygen - Actual name for glucose: e.g. α-D-glucopyranose - Glucose —> down-up-down - Galactose —> down-up-up - Mannose —> down-up-up - Ribose —> 5 carbon suga ...
... - Isomer —> same number of atoms just in different combination - Enantiomer —> an isomer that has a mirror image - Pyra ring —> 5 carbons + 1 oxygen - Actual name for glucose: e.g. α-D-glucopyranose - Glucose —> down-up-down - Galactose —> down-up-up - Mannose —> down-up-up - Ribose —> 5 carbon suga ...
fed fast cycle
... gluconeogenesis (after 18 hrs to secure glucose to brain & other tissues utilizing glucose as a sole fuel). 1- Increased glycogen degradation (glycogenlysis) to produce glucose to blood: exhausted after 10 – 18 hours of fasting (early fasting). 2- Increased gluconeogenesis: Gluconeogenesis is the sy ...
... gluconeogenesis (after 18 hrs to secure glucose to brain & other tissues utilizing glucose as a sole fuel). 1- Increased glycogen degradation (glycogenlysis) to produce glucose to blood: exhausted after 10 – 18 hours of fasting (early fasting). 2- Increased gluconeogenesis: Gluconeogenesis is the sy ...
Metabolism Summary
... PYRUVATE OXIDATION TO ACETYL CoA • Pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA occurs in the mitochondria. • Most of the acetyl CoA will be completely oxidized to CO2 in the citric acid cycle. • Some acetyl CoA will serve as starting material for fatty acid biosynthesis. • NAD+ is regenerated when NADH transf ...
... PYRUVATE OXIDATION TO ACETYL CoA • Pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA occurs in the mitochondria. • Most of the acetyl CoA will be completely oxidized to CO2 in the citric acid cycle. • Some acetyl CoA will serve as starting material for fatty acid biosynthesis. • NAD+ is regenerated when NADH transf ...
UNIT 1 review PPT
... • Steroids are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings • Cholesterol, an important steroid, is also a component in animal cell membranes • Although cholesterol is essential in animals, high levels in the blood may contribute to ...
... • Steroids are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings • Cholesterol, an important steroid, is also a component in animal cell membranes • Although cholesterol is essential in animals, high levels in the blood may contribute to ...
Prostaglandin biosynthesis and functions Introduction - Rose
... acids (such as the typical Eskimo diet) is also a substrate for prostaglandin synthesis; the products from this compound have one more double bond than the series two products. The properties of the different series are somewhat different. Eskimos have a low incidence of heart disease in spite of an ...
... acids (such as the typical Eskimo diet) is also a substrate for prostaglandin synthesis; the products from this compound have one more double bond than the series two products. The properties of the different series are somewhat different. Eskimos have a low incidence of heart disease in spite of an ...
The amino acids, peptide bonds, and the primary structure of proteins
... • Phosphorylation: addition of a phosphate group (PO43-) to a Ser or Tyr residue. • Glycosylation: addition of sugar groups to Asn (Nglycosylation) or Ser (O-glycosylation). • Alteration of chain termini – Removal of N-Met – Acetylation and amidation ...
... • Phosphorylation: addition of a phosphate group (PO43-) to a Ser or Tyr residue. • Glycosylation: addition of sugar groups to Asn (Nglycosylation) or Ser (O-glycosylation). • Alteration of chain termini – Removal of N-Met – Acetylation and amidation ...
Catabolism
... Carbohydrates and other nutrients serve two functions in the metabolism of heterotrophic microorganisms: 1. They are oxidized to release energy 2. They supply carbon or building blocks for the synthesis of new cell constituents. • Amphibolic pathways: function both catabolically and anabolically ...
... Carbohydrates and other nutrients serve two functions in the metabolism of heterotrophic microorganisms: 1. They are oxidized to release energy 2. They supply carbon or building blocks for the synthesis of new cell constituents. • Amphibolic pathways: function both catabolically and anabolically ...
Download PDF
... apply these chemical principles to the complex structural environment presented by natural proteins, nucleotides, and membranes. The goal of this course is to learn about general aspects of biochemical pathways from the perspective of the chemical principles and chemical reactions. We will cover: 1. ...
... apply these chemical principles to the complex structural environment presented by natural proteins, nucleotides, and membranes. The goal of this course is to learn about general aspects of biochemical pathways from the perspective of the chemical principles and chemical reactions. We will cover: 1. ...
Learning Targets Learning Targets for Chapter 15: The Digestive
... 1. Trace the path of food in the digestive tract & describe the general structure & function of each organ mentioned 2. Describe peristalsis & state its function. 3. Describe the wall of the small intestine & relate its anatomy to nutrient absorption. 4. Name the hormones produced by the digestive t ...
... 1. Trace the path of food in the digestive tract & describe the general structure & function of each organ mentioned 2. Describe peristalsis & state its function. 3. Describe the wall of the small intestine & relate its anatomy to nutrient absorption. 4. Name the hormones produced by the digestive t ...
Lipids Chemistry
... They must be taken in diet because the body cannot synthesize them, as the enzymes that are needed for their synthesis are absent in humans. Arachidonic acid, which is one of the essential fatty acids, is important for biosynthesis of prostaglandins. ...
... They must be taken in diet because the body cannot synthesize them, as the enzymes that are needed for their synthesis are absent in humans. Arachidonic acid, which is one of the essential fatty acids, is important for biosynthesis of prostaglandins. ...
Biological Molecules Review Questions 2015
... 37. A characteristic of unsaturated fats is that they A. denature as they cool. B. are made up of glucose and fructose. C. are made up of amino acids and glycerol. D. have double bonds in their carbon chains. 38. Which of the following are components of a phospholipid? A. cholesterol, glycerol, fatt ...
... 37. A characteristic of unsaturated fats is that they A. denature as they cool. B. are made up of glucose and fructose. C. are made up of amino acids and glycerol. D. have double bonds in their carbon chains. 38. Which of the following are components of a phospholipid? A. cholesterol, glycerol, fatt ...
Metabolism of lipids
... • fatty acyl-CoA is elongated by the addition with acetyl CoA • both NADH and NADPH serve as electron donors • essentially the reversal of the β-oxidation pathway • primarily to elongate FAs shorter than C16 ...
... • fatty acyl-CoA is elongated by the addition with acetyl CoA • both NADH and NADPH serve as electron donors • essentially the reversal of the β-oxidation pathway • primarily to elongate FAs shorter than C16 ...
2. Glucogenic amino acids
... 1. Only liver can replenish blood glucose through gluconeogenesis, because glucose-6- phosphatase is present mainly in liver. So liver plays the major role in maintaining the blood glucose level. 2. During starvation, Gluconeogenesis maintains normal blood glucose level. The stored glycogen is deple ...
... 1. Only liver can replenish blood glucose through gluconeogenesis, because glucose-6- phosphatase is present mainly in liver. So liver plays the major role in maintaining the blood glucose level. 2. During starvation, Gluconeogenesis maintains normal blood glucose level. The stored glycogen is deple ...