- humans ingest more proteins than needed for replacement of
... Branched-chain amino acid metabolic pathways - branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine (essential amino acids) - first step in their catabolism is reversible transamination amino group transferred to alphaKG to form glutamate - second reaction irreversible oxidative decarbox ...
... Branched-chain amino acid metabolic pathways - branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine (essential amino acids) - first step in their catabolism is reversible transamination amino group transferred to alphaKG to form glutamate - second reaction irreversible oxidative decarbox ...
PFK-2
... • Once oxaloacetate is produced, it is reduced to malate so that it can be transported to the cytosol. In the cytosol, oxaloacetate is subsequently dexcarboxylated/phosphorylated by PEPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), a second enzyme unique to gluconeogenesis. The resulting phosphoenol pyruva ...
... • Once oxaloacetate is produced, it is reduced to malate so that it can be transported to the cytosol. In the cytosol, oxaloacetate is subsequently dexcarboxylated/phosphorylated by PEPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), a second enzyme unique to gluconeogenesis. The resulting phosphoenol pyruva ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA), Krebs Cycle
... The irreversibility of the reaction explains why glucose can not be formed from acetyl CoA in gluconeogenesis. ...
... The irreversibility of the reaction explains why glucose can not be formed from acetyl CoA in gluconeogenesis. ...
Lecture 4
... Overview of blood glucose regulation and the consequences of dysregulation 1. Glucose ---- obligatory fuel for CNS and RBC’s Liver Storage ----> ~100gms (~400kcals) Whole body oxidation of glucose ------> ~160-200gms/day (basal condition) CNS ------> ~70 -75% (~120gms) Consequences Depletion of hepa ...
... Overview of blood glucose regulation and the consequences of dysregulation 1. Glucose ---- obligatory fuel for CNS and RBC’s Liver Storage ----> ~100gms (~400kcals) Whole body oxidation of glucose ------> ~160-200gms/day (basal condition) CNS ------> ~70 -75% (~120gms) Consequences Depletion of hepa ...
lecture CH21 chem131pikul
... • They increase the rate of a reaction (106 to 1012 times faster), but are unchanged themselves. • Enzymes are very specific; each enzyme catalyzes a certain reaction or type of reaction only. • The names of most enzymes end with the suffix -ase like peptidase, lipase, and hydrolase • A cofactor ...
... • They increase the rate of a reaction (106 to 1012 times faster), but are unchanged themselves. • Enzymes are very specific; each enzyme catalyzes a certain reaction or type of reaction only. • The names of most enzymes end with the suffix -ase like peptidase, lipase, and hydrolase • A cofactor ...
Blood Glucose Concentration
... 1. Remove glucose from blood [primary and unique effect of insulin] ...
... 1. Remove glucose from blood [primary and unique effect of insulin] ...
Cell Respiration Student Notes
... • Occurs in the __________ of the mitochondria • Is the transition between _________and the citric acid cycle. • _______________ (made during glycolysis) is converted to acetyl CoA, and CO2 is released • NAD+ is converted to NADH + H+ • The transition reaction occurs ________ per glucose molecule. ...
... • Occurs in the __________ of the mitochondria • Is the transition between _________and the citric acid cycle. • _______________ (made during glycolysis) is converted to acetyl CoA, and CO2 is released • NAD+ is converted to NADH + H+ • The transition reaction occurs ________ per glucose molecule. ...
Digestive System
... • Liver has no capillaries but has epithelial lined sinosoids • Sinusoids contain phagocytes (Kupffers cells) • Secretes bile into hepatic duct • Hepatic duct joins cystic duct to form common bile duct ...
... • Liver has no capillaries but has epithelial lined sinosoids • Sinusoids contain phagocytes (Kupffers cells) • Secretes bile into hepatic duct • Hepatic duct joins cystic duct to form common bile duct ...
GLYCOLYSIS
... The substrate is split into 2 halves, one is then rearranged resulting in 2 identical molecules ...
... The substrate is split into 2 halves, one is then rearranged resulting in 2 identical molecules ...
From: From one amino acid to another: tRNA
... From: From one amino acid to another: tRNA-dependent amino acid biosynthesis Nucleic Acids Res. 2008;36(6):1813-1825. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn015 Nucleic Acids Res | © 2008 The Author(s)This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ...
... From: From one amino acid to another: tRNA-dependent amino acid biosynthesis Nucleic Acids Res. 2008;36(6):1813-1825. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn015 Nucleic Acids Res | © 2008 The Author(s)This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ...
aerobic respiration
... 3. These pathways regenerate NAD1, which the cells can use to keep glycolysis going to make more ATP in the absence of oxygen. 4. Without niacin or the ability to make it, the person would be deficient in NAD1. Since NAD1 is used in Step 3 of glycolysis, glycolysis would be inhibited. STRUCTURES AND ...
... 3. These pathways regenerate NAD1, which the cells can use to keep glycolysis going to make more ATP in the absence of oxygen. 4. Without niacin or the ability to make it, the person would be deficient in NAD1. Since NAD1 is used in Step 3 of glycolysis, glycolysis would be inhibited. STRUCTURES AND ...
Contemporary Nutrition
... Overview of Protein • Body is made up of thousands of protein substances – More than 30,000 different kinds of protein – Unique structure and function – Twenty amino acids commonly found in human protein – Proteins = 50% of the dry weight of most cells ...
... Overview of Protein • Body is made up of thousands of protein substances – More than 30,000 different kinds of protein – Unique structure and function – Twenty amino acids commonly found in human protein – Proteins = 50% of the dry weight of most cells ...
Detailed Objectives
... In terms of free energy, what is the difference between an exergonic process and an endergonic process? What is meant by coupling of reactions? What is the difference between a reversible reaction and an irreversible reaction in terms of free energy? Understand a reaction free energy diagram and the ...
... In terms of free energy, what is the difference between an exergonic process and an endergonic process? What is meant by coupling of reactions? What is the difference between a reversible reaction and an irreversible reaction in terms of free energy? Understand a reaction free energy diagram and the ...
Dietary Fat Composition Influences Tissue Lipid Profile and Gene
... this diet was developed several groups reported undesirable physiological effects linked to the diet, such as hemorrhagic deaths [2], nephrocalcinosis [3], and fatty liver [4]. An amended formulation of the diet (AIN-76A) was developed in 1980 with an increased vitamin K content to address the hemor ...
... this diet was developed several groups reported undesirable physiological effects linked to the diet, such as hemorrhagic deaths [2], nephrocalcinosis [3], and fatty liver [4]. An amended formulation of the diet (AIN-76A) was developed in 1980 with an increased vitamin K content to address the hemor ...
Clinical biochemistry
... IEM arises from a damaged gene which leads to abnormal enzyme. May be autosomal or sex-linked. May be recessive or dominant in expression. Heterozygote will have both normal and abnormal alleles. But homozygote will have two alleles the same on each chromosome. ...
... IEM arises from a damaged gene which leads to abnormal enzyme. May be autosomal or sex-linked. May be recessive or dominant in expression. Heterozygote will have both normal and abnormal alleles. But homozygote will have two alleles the same on each chromosome. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... then serve as tool box for the rational redesign of Yarrowia’s lipid flux with modified b-oxidation, TAG biosynthesis and w-oxidation thus allowing for the production of lipid precursors or for their conversion into other added-value derivatives. Additional engineering efforts can further optimize a ...
... then serve as tool box for the rational redesign of Yarrowia’s lipid flux with modified b-oxidation, TAG biosynthesis and w-oxidation thus allowing for the production of lipid precursors or for their conversion into other added-value derivatives. Additional engineering efforts can further optimize a ...
Notes on Biopolymers
... Myristoleic acid: CH3(CH2)3CH=CH(CH2)7COOH C14:1 Palmitoleic acid: CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH C16:1 Oleic acid: CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH C18:1 Linoleic acid: CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH C18:2 Alpha-linolenic acid: CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH C18:3 Arachidonic acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH ...
... Myristoleic acid: CH3(CH2)3CH=CH(CH2)7COOH C14:1 Palmitoleic acid: CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH C16:1 Oleic acid: CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH C18:1 Linoleic acid: CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH C18:2 Alpha-linolenic acid: CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH C18:3 Arachidonic acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH ...
Appendix B HISS Codes for Metabolic Investigations
... early medical management. A dialogue with the department is encouraged and may expedite more complex investigations. General laboratory requirements are covered in SOP_GEN_003 Notes for guidance of staff using the biochemical services (non-metabolic investigations). This includes general information ...
... early medical management. A dialogue with the department is encouraged and may expedite more complex investigations. General laboratory requirements are covered in SOP_GEN_003 Notes for guidance of staff using the biochemical services (non-metabolic investigations). This includes general information ...
Detailed Objectives
... Indicate the name of any enzyme catalysts and cofactors for any specific reaction. Know the general reaction type. Understand the general enzyme mechanisms and intermediate structures for those specific reactions discussed in class. Understand the free energy considerations (production and use of AT ...
... Indicate the name of any enzyme catalysts and cofactors for any specific reaction. Know the general reaction type. Understand the general enzyme mechanisms and intermediate structures for those specific reactions discussed in class. Understand the free energy considerations (production and use of AT ...
Quiz 15
... 7. Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet structures of proteins? A) hydrophobic interactions B) nonpolar covalent bonds C) ionic bonds D) hydrogen bonds E) peptide bonds 8. A hydrophilic R-group of an amino acid in hemoglobin would NOT be attracted to: A) t ...
... 7. Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet structures of proteins? A) hydrophobic interactions B) nonpolar covalent bonds C) ionic bonds D) hydrogen bonds E) peptide bonds 8. A hydrophilic R-group of an amino acid in hemoglobin would NOT be attracted to: A) t ...
Chapter 5 - csmithbio
... Steroids • Steroids are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings • Cholesterol, an important steroid, is a component in animal cell membranes • Although cholesterol is essential in animals, high levels in the blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease ...
... Steroids • Steroids are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings • Cholesterol, an important steroid, is a component in animal cell membranes • Although cholesterol is essential in animals, high levels in the blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease ...