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Cholesterol
Cholesterol

...  LYSOLECITHIN + CHOLESTEROL ESTER • LCAT is activated by apo-A1 and deficiency in LCAT means that HDL can’t take ...
hydroxyproline
hydroxyproline

... molecule are wound around each other in a right-handed triple helix. Note: The long, ropelike tropocollagen molecules form fibrils by aligning themselves in parallel. Once secreted outside the cell tropocollagen units are crosslinked through covalent bonding between adjacent lysine residues to produ ...
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... B) 1 propionyl CoA, 5 acetyl CoA, 5 FADH2, 5 NADH + H+ C) 1 propionyl CoA, 6 acetyl CoA, 6 FADH2, 6 NADH + H+ D) 8 acetyl CoA, 7 FADH2, 7 NADH + H+ E) Palmitate ...
Energy Exam Review - Lewiston School District
Energy Exam Review - Lewiston School District

... reactions of photosynthesis? A).to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water B).to produce ATP and NADPH C).to produce NADPH used in respiration D).to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL B. To produce ATP and NADPH ...
The Digestive System Chapter 16
The Digestive System Chapter 16

... Glands within those folds produces gastric juices that aid in digestion and mucus that forms protective coating of the lining of the stomach ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e

... by another enzyme  Cells lining gut are protected from enzymes by ...
B-Vitamins
B-Vitamins

... • Vitamins do not provide the body with fuel for energy • However, they can work as coenzymes • Assist enzymes with release of energy • Without coenzyme, an enzyme cannot function ...
high energy bond
high energy bond

... • Hydrolyzes larger molecules into simpler molecules • Breaks bonds ...
Digestion and Nutrition
Digestion and Nutrition

Krebs Intro and CycleON
Krebs Intro and CycleON

... the inside becomes negative like a battery. This "battery" can do work. The hydrogen ions can cross an F1 particle and make ATP. It takes 2 H+ to cross the F1 particle to provide enough energy to make ATP. Because the electron transport chain oxidizes NADH or FADH2 and uses the energy to phosphoryla ...
RESEARCH NOTES
RESEARCH NOTES

... oil phen-2 isoloter showed appreciable growth on phenylpyruvote medium according to expectotionr (Brockmon et ol. 1959 Arch. Biochem. Biophyr. B&455), none of the phen-1 irolotes grew on this medium when compored to minim.1 &zum. Quantitative meorurements were mode on some phen-l isolates to check t ...
The Biochemistry of Movement
The Biochemistry of Movement

... The shape is determined by a combination of factors and is usually described as having four levels of organisation: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids within the protein polypeptide. While there are only 20 amino acids, the variety of co ...
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

... The complete oxidation of acetyl-CoAby the TCA cycle is clearly a catabolic reaction ( a “breaking down” reaction). But the TCA cycle also synthesizes compounds, for example citrate, which are used for the biosynthesis of other compounds. In the example at hand, citrate is required for the biosynthe ...
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Malabsorption - University of Utah

... appropriate laboratory tests to aid in the evaluation of suspected malabsorption ...
Ch 9 Power Point - Cellular Respiration
Ch 9 Power Point - Cellular Respiration

... – Acetyl group of acetyl CoA added to oxaloacetate → Citrate – In several steps - CO2 is removed; NADH, FADH2, and ATP are produced – Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) – For each pyruvate that enters: • 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH • 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 • 1 ATP molecule • 2 CO2 – Remember: hav ...
RESEARCH NOTES
RESEARCH NOTES

... increases from l-2 pMJg +o 100 PM/g). However, with the exception of orginine, os soon os sucrose is odded to the incubation medium or the exogenous omiiio acid is removed, the pool concentration drops. By careful selection of the amino acids (i.e., members of different “transport fomili;s? and the ...
Why would someone take the vitamin niacin?
Why would someone take the vitamin niacin?

Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... that take place in a cell or organism. Biosynthesis: reactions that build larger, more complex molecules (require energy) Breakdown: reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller molecules (free up energy) What are some examples of these 2 types of metabolic reactions? ...
Chapter 9: How do cells harvest energy?
Chapter 9: How do cells harvest energy?

... B. along with carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats) are generally major energy sources in foods; nucleic acids are not present in high amounts in foods and thus aren’t as important in providing cells with energy C. proteins are broken into amino acids, which can be broken down further ...
Amino Acids and Proteins: →Protein Functions: enzymes, transport
Amino Acids and Proteins: →Protein Functions: enzymes, transport

... Polymerization of Amino Acids into Peptides and Proteins Polymerization in cells is catalyzed by enzymes associated with the ribosomes. It is simply a dehydration reaction (see figure 4.15). The lone pairs on the nitrogen of one amino acid perform a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl of the other a ...
Notes - The University of Sydney
Notes - The University of Sydney

... no true ion forms. But it gives the compound a polar character. The best and most important example from a life scientist’s point of view is water. The oxygen is very electronegative (that means it has a great affinity for electrons in any bonding. It has 6 electrons in its outer shell; of which 2 p ...
Methodological Instruction to Practical Lesson № 13
Methodological Instruction to Practical Lesson № 13

... stored in the gallbladder are added to emulsify lipids into small water-soluble micelles. The final phase of digestive process occurs at the surface of small intestinal epithelial cells. Complex endocrine and nervous mechanism coordinate the timing of secretion of digestive enzymes, hydrochloric aci ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism

... membrane (inside vs outside cell) – Proton motive force can be used to generate ATP, or to directly power flagella or transport molecules against the concentration gradient (active transport) • These latter 2 processes can also be fueled by ATP generated via the proton motive force ...
l8.l The omino ocids
l8.l The omino ocids

... isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, andvaline, are essential amino acids. These amino acids cannot be synthesized by the bodybut are essential to its proper functioning. They must be supplied in our diet. ...
Antihyperlipidemic Drugs
Antihyperlipidemic Drugs

... stored as fat for future energy requirements. • Phospholipids are compounds that are used to make cell membranes, generate second messengers, and store fatty acids for the use in generation of prostaglandins ...
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Fatty acid metabolism

Fatty acids are a family of molecules classified within the lipid macronutrient class. One role of fatty acids within animal metabolism is energy production in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. When compared to other macronutrient classes (carbohydrates and protein), fatty acids yield the most ATP on an energy per gram basis by a pathway called β-oxidation. In addition, fatty acids are important for energy storage, phospholipid membrane formation, and signaling pathways. Fatty acid metabolism consists of catabolic processes that generate energy and primary metabolites from fatty acids, and anabolic processes that create biologically important molecules from fatty acids and other dietary sources.
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