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UNIT 2 Bio 1 H Living organisms are composed of about 25
... Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds important in the chemistry of life. The attraction of these slightly positive and negative charges between different molecules (or different parts of the same molecule in some cases) results in weak hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen from a water molecule binds weakly with the ox ...
... Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds important in the chemistry of life. The attraction of these slightly positive and negative charges between different molecules (or different parts of the same molecule in some cases) results in weak hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen from a water molecule binds weakly with the ox ...
1-1 Amino Acids
... acceptor. Histidine is perhaps the most versatile of all the amino acids in this regard, which explains why it is also the residue most often found in enzyme active sites. It has two titratable –N–H groups, each with pKa values around 6. When one of these –N–H groups loses a proton, however, the pKa ...
... acceptor. Histidine is perhaps the most versatile of all the amino acids in this regard, which explains why it is also the residue most often found in enzyme active sites. It has two titratable –N–H groups, each with pKa values around 6. When one of these –N–H groups loses a proton, however, the pKa ...
protein - Humble ISD
... C. Antibodies: defense against infectious disease D. Hemoglobin: carry and release oxygen to body cells ...
... C. Antibodies: defense against infectious disease D. Hemoglobin: carry and release oxygen to body cells ...
(Simple) Physical Models of Protein Folding
... •Proteins are important; e.g. for catalyzing and regulating biochemical reactions, transporting molecules, … •Linear polymer chain composed of tens (peptides) to thousands (proteins) of monome •Monomers are 20 naturally occurring amino acids •Different proteins have different amino acid sequences •S ...
... •Proteins are important; e.g. for catalyzing and regulating biochemical reactions, transporting molecules, … •Linear polymer chain composed of tens (peptides) to thousands (proteins) of monome •Monomers are 20 naturally occurring amino acids •Different proteins have different amino acid sequences •S ...
Chapter 2
... – Molecules are formed when atoms bond together • Valence: the number of electrons that an atom must gain or lose to fill its outer orbital. ...
... – Molecules are formed when atoms bond together • Valence: the number of electrons that an atom must gain or lose to fill its outer orbital. ...
Nutrition
... a) this process is known as transamination 2) In the liver, the amine group from glutamic acid is removed in the form of ammonia (NH3) and combined with CO2 to form urea a) this process is known as deamination b) the urea is then excreted into the blood where it is filtered out by the kidneys and re ...
... a) this process is known as transamination 2) In the liver, the amine group from glutamic acid is removed in the form of ammonia (NH3) and combined with CO2 to form urea a) this process is known as deamination b) the urea is then excreted into the blood where it is filtered out by the kidneys and re ...
1. RNA is a different nucleic acid and differs from DNA on 3 things
... 2. What protein helps our blood carry oxygen? ...
... 2. What protein helps our blood carry oxygen? ...
Cellular Respiration
... Takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria, in which electrons are passed from carrier to carrier Some carriers are cytochrome molecules(complex carbon rings with iron in the center) NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons through the system Each time the electrons are passed on, NADH gives up its el ...
... Takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria, in which electrons are passed from carrier to carrier Some carriers are cytochrome molecules(complex carbon rings with iron in the center) NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons through the system Each time the electrons are passed on, NADH gives up its el ...
Chapter 9 Notes: Cellular Respiration
... ii. Pyruvate is broken down into pyruvic acid. iii. Krebs Cycle - pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy-extracting reactions; high-energy electrons from this process are used in the next step iv. Electron Transport Chain – high-energy electrons change ADP into ATP. The electron ...
... ii. Pyruvate is broken down into pyruvic acid. iii. Krebs Cycle - pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy-extracting reactions; high-energy electrons from this process are used in the next step iv. Electron Transport Chain – high-energy electrons change ADP into ATP. The electron ...
Biochemistry - Austin Community College
... Lactose = Glucose + Galactose Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose The most common disaccharide is ...
... Lactose = Glucose + Galactose Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose The most common disaccharide is ...
Biochem Review
... An enzyme will react with a wide range of substrates. An enzyme becomes inactive after it reacts with a substrate. An enzyme reacts to combine substrates into a new product. ...
... An enzyme will react with a wide range of substrates. An enzyme becomes inactive after it reacts with a substrate. An enzyme reacts to combine substrates into a new product. ...
Ch. 5 "The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
... ----------Lipids--------------------7. Explain what distinguishes lipids from other major classes of macromolecules. 8. Describe the unique properties, building block molecules, and biological importance of the three important groups of lipids: fats, phospholipids, and steroids. 9. Identify an este ...
... ----------Lipids--------------------7. Explain what distinguishes lipids from other major classes of macromolecules. 8. Describe the unique properties, building block molecules, and biological importance of the three important groups of lipids: fats, phospholipids, and steroids. 9. Identify an este ...
max 6
... 6. RNA polymerase joins (RNA) nucleotides together; 7. Pre-mRNA spliced to remove introns. 6 max ...
... 6. RNA polymerase joins (RNA) nucleotides together; 7. Pre-mRNA spliced to remove introns. 6 max ...
21:120:360 Biochemistry
... Upon successful completion of this course, participants will have a deeper understanding of cell function by having gained knowledge and insight into 1. the structures of its component molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipids 2. the various functions of these molecules as enzymes, in mem ...
... Upon successful completion of this course, participants will have a deeper understanding of cell function by having gained knowledge and insight into 1. the structures of its component molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipids 2. the various functions of these molecules as enzymes, in mem ...
Ketogenic amino acids
... examples: Only the 20 proteinogenic amino acids are included in the genetic code and therefore regularly found in proteins. The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. DNA serves as the ...
... examples: Only the 20 proteinogenic amino acids are included in the genetic code and therefore regularly found in proteins. The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. DNA serves as the ...
ENGINEERING PROTEINS
... Ester –COOR, Acyl chloride –COCl, Amide -CONH2 Acid anhydride -(CO)2O The region in an enzyme into which the substrate binds before it reacts with it. An organic molecule that contains both an –NH2 group and a –COOH group Pairs of bases that fit neatly together thus placing groups in just the right ...
... Ester –COOR, Acyl chloride –COCl, Amide -CONH2 Acid anhydride -(CO)2O The region in an enzyme into which the substrate binds before it reacts with it. An organic molecule that contains both an –NH2 group and a –COOH group Pairs of bases that fit neatly together thus placing groups in just the right ...
29 Cellular Respiration Biology “B”
... down, and then absorb the basic parts of the food (sugars and such) into the bloodstream through our intestine. Each movement; getting food, chewing it, swallowing, uses energy and LOSES heat energy. It COSTS energy to get and process food! When the sugar gets to the bloodstream it is absorbed by in ...
... down, and then absorb the basic parts of the food (sugars and such) into the bloodstream through our intestine. Each movement; getting food, chewing it, swallowing, uses energy and LOSES heat energy. It COSTS energy to get and process food! When the sugar gets to the bloodstream it is absorbed by in ...
No Slide Title
... Glucose (6C) is split into two pyruvate (3C) molecules. does not require oxygen energy harvested/glucose: 2 ATP (via substrate-level phosphorylation) ...
... Glucose (6C) is split into two pyruvate (3C) molecules. does not require oxygen energy harvested/glucose: 2 ATP (via substrate-level phosphorylation) ...
Learning Objectives handouts
... 1. List the four major classes of macromolecules. 2. Distinguish between monomers and polymers. 3. Draw diagrams to illustrate condensation and hydrolysis reactions. Carbohydrates Serve as Fuel and Building Material 4. Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. 5. Descr ...
... 1. List the four major classes of macromolecules. 2. Distinguish between monomers and polymers. 3. Draw diagrams to illustrate condensation and hydrolysis reactions. Carbohydrates Serve as Fuel and Building Material 4. Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. 5. Descr ...
Cellular Respiration
... blocks for other complex molecules. It is used to make ATP. It is used to make NADH. ...
... blocks for other complex molecules. It is used to make ATP. It is used to make NADH. ...
Reading Guide
... 27. Aromatic amino acids are both keto- and glucogenic because they are broken down into ___________________ and either ______________ or _______________. 28. Why is excess nitrogen from metabolic processes not simply excreted as ammonia? 29. What is glutamate’s particular role in nitrogen eliminat ...
... 27. Aromatic amino acids are both keto- and glucogenic because they are broken down into ___________________ and either ______________ or _______________. 28. Why is excess nitrogen from metabolic processes not simply excreted as ammonia? 29. What is glutamate’s particular role in nitrogen eliminat ...
Biochemistry Practice Questions
... Scientists study DNA to understand heredity, disease, and the evolutionary history of organisms. During these studies, DNA must rst be separated into two complementary strands. Next, the appropriate nucleotides are attached to the nucleotides in each original strand to produce two new complete DNA s ...
... Scientists study DNA to understand heredity, disease, and the evolutionary history of organisms. During these studies, DNA must rst be separated into two complementary strands. Next, the appropriate nucleotides are attached to the nucleotides in each original strand to produce two new complete DNA s ...
Biochemistry
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gerty_Theresa_Radnitz_Cori_(1896-1957)_and_Carl_Ferdinand_Cori.jpg?width=300)
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.