The effect of endurance-training on the maximum activities of
... All activities are presented as lamol/min per g of fresh muscle. Preliminary experiments established that provided glycogen stores in the muscle are normal there is no effect of training on the protein content. R e s u l t s and D i s c u s s i o n The l l - w e e k endurance-training programme used ...
... All activities are presented as lamol/min per g of fresh muscle. Preliminary experiments established that provided glycogen stores in the muscle are normal there is no effect of training on the protein content. R e s u l t s and D i s c u s s i o n The l l - w e e k endurance-training programme used ...
Lecture 27 - Redox and PDH
... The PDH reaction is in the mitochondrial matrix and captures decarboxylation energy in the form of NADH. ...
... The PDH reaction is in the mitochondrial matrix and captures decarboxylation energy in the form of NADH. ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... • Compare to ATP phosphate hydrolysis at -30 kJ/mole • We preserve that energy by making GTP • This reaction utilizes a swinging histidine side chain to transfer the PO42- group from succinyl phosphate to ...
... • Compare to ATP phosphate hydrolysis at -30 kJ/mole • We preserve that energy by making GTP • This reaction utilizes a swinging histidine side chain to transfer the PO42- group from succinyl phosphate to ...
L14_Adv06PDHwebCT
... DGo' of a reaction may be positive, and DG negative, depending on cellular concentrations of reactants and products. Many reactions for which DGo' is positive are spontaneous in vivo because other reactions cause [products] or [substrate]. any [products] or [substrate] that moves the reaction ...
... DGo' of a reaction may be positive, and DG negative, depending on cellular concentrations of reactants and products. Many reactions for which DGo' is positive are spontaneous in vivo because other reactions cause [products] or [substrate]. any [products] or [substrate] that moves the reaction ...
Electron transport chains
... • Glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) ...
... • Glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) ...
NEHRU ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE, TM PALAYALAM
... 6. Which steps in glycolysis require the input of energy? (A) the glucose priming steps (B) the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate (C) All of the steps require the input of energy (D) glucose secondary steps 7. The hexose monophosphate shunt is: (A) Found mostly in the mitochondria of muscle ce ...
... 6. Which steps in glycolysis require the input of energy? (A) the glucose priming steps (B) the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate (C) All of the steps require the input of energy (D) glucose secondary steps 7. The hexose monophosphate shunt is: (A) Found mostly in the mitochondria of muscle ce ...
Compartmentalisation of metabolic pathways
... Synthesis of new enzyme molecule • Enzyme concentration is much lower than the substrate concentration • The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is directly dependent upon the enzyme concentration • Induction by substrate or repression by product (on the level of transcription) – xenobiotics → ind ...
... Synthesis of new enzyme molecule • Enzyme concentration is much lower than the substrate concentration • The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is directly dependent upon the enzyme concentration • Induction by substrate or repression by product (on the level of transcription) – xenobiotics → ind ...
Adaptation of enzymes to temperature: searching for basic ``strategies``
... The pervasive influence of temperature on biological systems necessitates a suite of temperature—compensatory adaptations that span all levels of biological organization—from behavior to fine-scale molecular structure. Beginning about 50 years ago, physiological studies conducted with whole organism ...
... The pervasive influence of temperature on biological systems necessitates a suite of temperature—compensatory adaptations that span all levels of biological organization—from behavior to fine-scale molecular structure. Beginning about 50 years ago, physiological studies conducted with whole organism ...
Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics
... Among the total of 60 detected metabolites, our analysis revealed 5 key metabolites (lactate, alanine, glycine, and the two short-chain acyl carnitines C2 and C3) associated with physical exercise. These results are consistent with previous reports [19,22,23]. As is well known, anaerobic glycolysis ...
... Among the total of 60 detected metabolites, our analysis revealed 5 key metabolites (lactate, alanine, glycine, and the two short-chain acyl carnitines C2 and C3) associated with physical exercise. These results are consistent with previous reports [19,22,23]. As is well known, anaerobic glycolysis ...
6 Energy
... back to work for the gumball glycolysis machine and the Kreb’s machine. Muscles are the only human cells that can do this. When no oxygen is present (such as in muscles during sprinting), the NADH molecules that were generated from glycolysis and the TCA cycle cannot use the electron transport cha ...
... back to work for the gumball glycolysis machine and the Kreb’s machine. Muscles are the only human cells that can do this. When no oxygen is present (such as in muscles during sprinting), the NADH molecules that were generated from glycolysis and the TCA cycle cannot use the electron transport cha ...
03 Enzymes2
... Enzymes taking part in phosphorylation are called protein kinases Enzymes taking part in dephosphorylation are called phosphatases ...
... Enzymes taking part in phosphorylation are called protein kinases Enzymes taking part in dephosphorylation are called phosphatases ...
Lecture 6
... molecules of lactate. Much of the potential energy of the glucose molecule remains untapped. Under Aerobic conditions a much more dynamic pyruvate metabolism occurs. The 2 moles of NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are oxidized in the electron transport chain back to NAD +. T ...
... molecules of lactate. Much of the potential energy of the glucose molecule remains untapped. Under Aerobic conditions a much more dynamic pyruvate metabolism occurs. The 2 moles of NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are oxidized in the electron transport chain back to NAD +. T ...
Glycolysis
... 3. Couple the transfer of the phosphate to ADP to form ATP. Stage I A preparatory stage in which glucose is phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate - uses two ATPs Stage II glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate with the concomitant generation of f ...
... 3. Couple the transfer of the phosphate to ADP to form ATP. Stage I A preparatory stage in which glucose is phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate - uses two ATPs Stage II glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate with the concomitant generation of f ...
C9 Cellular Respiration (Video)
... 3. Coenzyme A is attached to the acetate by unstable bond that makes the acetyl group very reactive. (Now acetyl CoA). Krebs cycle – Hans Krebs, 1930’s. 8 steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix. CO2 given off in steps 3 and 4. Most energy conserved as NADH. For each a ...
... 3. Coenzyme A is attached to the acetate by unstable bond that makes the acetyl group very reactive. (Now acetyl CoA). Krebs cycle – Hans Krebs, 1930’s. 8 steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix. CO2 given off in steps 3 and 4. Most energy conserved as NADH. For each a ...
respiration - sandsbiochem
... Ex. fungi, bacteria, human Used in brewing, muscle cells winemaking, baking Used to make cheese, yogurt, acetone, methanol Note: Lactate build-up does NOT cause muscle fatigue and pain (old idea) ...
... Ex. fungi, bacteria, human Used in brewing, muscle cells winemaking, baking Used to make cheese, yogurt, acetone, methanol Note: Lactate build-up does NOT cause muscle fatigue and pain (old idea) ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... • The cycle is involved in the aerobic catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) or the cytosol of bacteria ...
... • The cycle is involved in the aerobic catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) or the cytosol of bacteria ...
Resurrecting ancestral RuBisCO in silico
... orders of magnitude greater than those of carbon dioxide, but this was not always the case. Thus this dual enzymatic activity of RuBisCO introduces an evolutionary conundrum: the enzyme partially responsible for creating the oxygenated atmosphere is greatly hindered by oxygen.5 Reconstruction of anc ...
... orders of magnitude greater than those of carbon dioxide, but this was not always the case. Thus this dual enzymatic activity of RuBisCO introduces an evolutionary conundrum: the enzyme partially responsible for creating the oxygenated atmosphere is greatly hindered by oxygen.5 Reconstruction of anc ...
Effect of Coleus Forskohlii Root Extracts on Liver Marker
... of the liver. The significant increase (p<0.05) of ALP in the serum of experimental mice treated with DLA cells may be associated with possible leakage of the enzyme from the liver into the serum. Normally, enzyme will not always be found in the serum except there is damage to one or more organs or ...
... of the liver. The significant increase (p<0.05) of ALP in the serum of experimental mice treated with DLA cells may be associated with possible leakage of the enzyme from the liver into the serum. Normally, enzyme will not always be found in the serum except there is damage to one or more organs or ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... • Under anaerobic condition, e.g. in exercising muscles and in erythrocytes, the pyruvate is reduced to lactate. • In aerobic condition, cell pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and CO2 by multienzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase, instead of being reduced to lactate. • In erythrocytes, the first si ...
... • Under anaerobic condition, e.g. in exercising muscles and in erythrocytes, the pyruvate is reduced to lactate. • In aerobic condition, cell pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and CO2 by multienzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase, instead of being reduced to lactate. • In erythrocytes, the first si ...
One 2-fold axis of symmetry
... Stryer (5th ed.). (You may be unfamiliar with either the second (distal) histidine residue (E7) in the haem pocket, or the 2,3,-diphosphoglyerate (BPG) molecule between the subunits; BPG is described in Stryer 5th Edn, Chapter 10) In studying subunit interaction in proteins with quaternary structu ...
... Stryer (5th ed.). (You may be unfamiliar with either the second (distal) histidine residue (E7) in the haem pocket, or the 2,3,-diphosphoglyerate (BPG) molecule between the subunits; BPG is described in Stryer 5th Edn, Chapter 10) In studying subunit interaction in proteins with quaternary structu ...
espiration - WordPress.com
... In an experiment, lactate containing radioactive carbon was added to a preparation of muscle tissue in the presence of oxygen. The muscle preparation was able to respire some of the lactate and this provided the energy needed to convert the remaining lactate into glycogen. The diagram summarises the ...
... In an experiment, lactate containing radioactive carbon was added to a preparation of muscle tissue in the presence of oxygen. The muscle preparation was able to respire some of the lactate and this provided the energy needed to convert the remaining lactate into glycogen. The diagram summarises the ...
Unit: Enzymes II
... and that coming from the prostate. Two different techniques may be employed to assist in identifying the serum ACP derived from prostatic tissue. The first is to use a substrate that the prostatic ACP splits more readily than does the ACP from platelets and erythrocytes; sodium thymolphthlein monoph ...
... and that coming from the prostate. Two different techniques may be employed to assist in identifying the serum ACP derived from prostatic tissue. The first is to use a substrate that the prostatic ACP splits more readily than does the ACP from platelets and erythrocytes; sodium thymolphthlein monoph ...
lecture1
... anaerobic, pyruvate is reduced by NADH to lactate. Since 2 molecules of triose P are formed per mole of glucose, 2 moles of ...
... anaerobic, pyruvate is reduced by NADH to lactate. Since 2 molecules of triose P are formed per mole of glucose, 2 moles of ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... for 1 billon years+ this is how life on Earth survived no O2= slow growth, slow reproduction only harvest 3.5% of energy stored in glucose more carbons to strip off = more energy to harvest ...
... for 1 billon years+ this is how life on Earth survived no O2= slow growth, slow reproduction only harvest 3.5% of energy stored in glucose more carbons to strip off = more energy to harvest ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.