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Exercise-Induced Metabolic Acidosis
... ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction is the primary stimulus for increasing energy catabolism. The primary function of energy catabolism appears to be maintenance of the cellular ATP concentration. At the onset of moderate-intensity exercise, the phosphagen system and glycolytic ATP regeneration ...
... ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction is the primary stimulus for increasing energy catabolism. The primary function of energy catabolism appears to be maintenance of the cellular ATP concentration. At the onset of moderate-intensity exercise, the phosphagen system and glycolytic ATP regeneration ...
Reprint pdf - Sportsci.org
... ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction is the primary stimulus for increasing energy catabolism. The primary function of energy catabolism appears to be maintenance of the cellular ATP concentration. At the onset of moderate-intensity exercise, the phosphagen system and glycolytic ATP regeneration ...
... ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction is the primary stimulus for increasing energy catabolism. The primary function of energy catabolism appears to be maintenance of the cellular ATP concentration. At the onset of moderate-intensity exercise, the phosphagen system and glycolytic ATP regeneration ...
Substrate Breakdown
... When this series of reactions starts with stored glycogen, it is called glycogenolysis. The breakdown of glycogen for energy is regulated by the enzyme phosphorylase. Epinephrine greatly influences the activity of this enzyme. These reactions occur in the cell, outside of the mitochondrion. ...
... When this series of reactions starts with stored glycogen, it is called glycogenolysis. The breakdown of glycogen for energy is regulated by the enzyme phosphorylase. Epinephrine greatly influences the activity of this enzyme. These reactions occur in the cell, outside of the mitochondrion. ...
Camp 1 - University of California, Santa Cruz
... important pathway for the regeneration of NAD+ is reduction of pyruvate to lactate. Pyruvate, the oxidizing agent, is reduced to lactate. lactate O dehydrogenase ...
... important pathway for the regeneration of NAD+ is reduction of pyruvate to lactate. Pyruvate, the oxidizing agent, is reduced to lactate. lactate O dehydrogenase ...
Sucrose is used for respiration, storage or construction. Plants
... H+ are transported out of the stroma/matrix by during electron transport and H+ flow back into the stroma/matrix through the ATP synthase and generates ATP in the ...
... H+ are transported out of the stroma/matrix by during electron transport and H+ flow back into the stroma/matrix through the ATP synthase and generates ATP in the ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... acetate unit is lost as CO2 in the first turn of the cycle • Carbonyl C of acetyl-CoA turns to CO2 only in the second turn of the cycle (following entry of acetyl-CoA ) • Methyl C of acetyl-CoA survives two cycles completely, but half of what's left exits the cycle on each turn after that. ...
... acetate unit is lost as CO2 in the first turn of the cycle • Carbonyl C of acetyl-CoA turns to CO2 only in the second turn of the cycle (following entry of acetyl-CoA ) • Methyl C of acetyl-CoA survives two cycles completely, but half of what's left exits the cycle on each turn after that. ...
Starr/Taggart PowerPoint
... These steps proceed in the mitochondria Oxaloacetate combines with Acetyl-CoA to ...
... These steps proceed in the mitochondria Oxaloacetate combines with Acetyl-CoA to ...
Glycolysis 1
... and phosphoenolpyruvate is similar. But, Traps the phosphate group in an unstable enol form, resulting in a dramatic increase in the phosphoryl transfer potential of the triose sugar. Standard free energy change for phosphate hydrolysis in 2-phosphoglycerate is ∆Gº’ = -16 kJ/mol, whereas for phospho ...
... and phosphoenolpyruvate is similar. But, Traps the phosphate group in an unstable enol form, resulting in a dramatic increase in the phosphoryl transfer potential of the triose sugar. Standard free energy change for phosphate hydrolysis in 2-phosphoglycerate is ∆Gº’ = -16 kJ/mol, whereas for phospho ...
citric acid cycle
... also has a central role in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and interconversion of amino acids. This process is aerobic, requiring oxygen as the final oxidant of the reduced coenzymes. The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix, either free or attached to the inner m ...
... also has a central role in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and interconversion of amino acids. This process is aerobic, requiring oxygen as the final oxidant of the reduced coenzymes. The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix, either free or attached to the inner m ...
Energetics of the nerve terminal in relation to central nervous system
... this enzyme is regulated by a number of factors, one of which is Ca" [20]. It has been shown that synaptosomal pyruvate dehydrogenase is present largely (80-90%) in its active state and that an increase in internal [Ca" ] increases this proportion only slightly [21]. There is, moreover, some controv ...
... this enzyme is regulated by a number of factors, one of which is Ca" [20]. It has been shown that synaptosomal pyruvate dehydrogenase is present largely (80-90%) in its active state and that an increase in internal [Ca" ] increases this proportion only slightly [21]. There is, moreover, some controv ...
Chapter 6
... historical reasons) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). However these compounds are in very rapid, enzyme–catalyzed equilibrium and conceptually we can consider the products to be 2 moles of G3P. (2) The second phase of glycolysis is the oxidation of G3P to 3–phosphoglyceric acid. This is the maj ...
... historical reasons) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). However these compounds are in very rapid, enzyme–catalyzed equilibrium and conceptually we can consider the products to be 2 moles of G3P. (2) The second phase of glycolysis is the oxidation of G3P to 3–phosphoglyceric acid. This is the maj ...
Cellular Respiration
... oxidized using the fermentation process. This recycling pennits the Embden-Meyerhof pathway to continue functioning. ...
... oxidized using the fermentation process. This recycling pennits the Embden-Meyerhof pathway to continue functioning. ...
Enzymes Problem Set 1 A) What concentration of the substrate
... What is the specific activity of the original enzyme solution (in IU/mg protein)? ...
... What is the specific activity of the original enzyme solution (in IU/mg protein)? ...
T06 Fermentations 2014
... • NAHD accumulates and NAD+ is depleted • TCA cycle (requiring NAD+) can’t run • glucose uptake stops NADH (or NADPH) can also be used for anabolism (assimilation) but in addition to reducing power also ATP is needed for assimilation ...
... • NAHD accumulates and NAD+ is depleted • TCA cycle (requiring NAD+) can’t run • glucose uptake stops NADH (or NADPH) can also be used for anabolism (assimilation) but in addition to reducing power also ATP is needed for assimilation ...
1- Glycolysis
... cycle or the Krebs cycle: is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, (ATP.) In addition, the ...
... cycle or the Krebs cycle: is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, (ATP.) In addition, the ...
Gluconeogenesis
... starvation is mainly amino acid catabolism. Some amino acids are catabolized to pyruvate, oxaloacetate, or precursors of these. Muscle proteins may break down to supply amino acids. These are transported to liver where they are deaminated and converted to gluconeogenesis inputs. Glycerol, derived fr ...
... starvation is mainly amino acid catabolism. Some amino acids are catabolized to pyruvate, oxaloacetate, or precursors of these. Muscle proteins may break down to supply amino acids. These are transported to liver where they are deaminated and converted to gluconeogenesis inputs. Glycerol, derived fr ...
Reaction of glycolysis
... • Pyruvate is converted to lactate in anaerobic tissues, such as actively metabolizing muscle. NAD+ is recycled in the process • In some organisms, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in a process requiring thiamine pyrophosphate as a coenzyme ...
... • Pyruvate is converted to lactate in anaerobic tissues, such as actively metabolizing muscle. NAD+ is recycled in the process • In some organisms, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in a process requiring thiamine pyrophosphate as a coenzyme ...
Substrate Level Phosphorylation Substrate level phosphorylation
... •Cells use chemiosmosis to generate ATP, do active transport and rotate ...
... •Cells use chemiosmosis to generate ATP, do active transport and rotate ...
146/18 = 8.1 ATP/carbon Atom. For Lauric acid
... The globins are hydrolyzed to free amino acids that are recycled and the iron is removed from the porphyrin ring and saved in the iron-storage protein, ferritin, for later use. 28.42 Functional groups in biliverdin that are from oxidation: two carbon atoms at the top are oxidized from hydrocarbons t ...
... The globins are hydrolyzed to free amino acids that are recycled and the iron is removed from the porphyrin ring and saved in the iron-storage protein, ferritin, for later use. 28.42 Functional groups in biliverdin that are from oxidation: two carbon atoms at the top are oxidized from hydrocarbons t ...
The importance of gluconeogenesis as an important
... occurs in the mitochondria, allosterically activated by acetyl CoA. OAA has to be transported from mitochondria to cytosol. (PyruvateOxaloacetate “OAA”) 2- PEPCK: Decarboxylation & phosphorylation reaction, requires energy (GTP), occurs in cytosol, the enzyme’s gene is induced by glucagon & repress ...
... occurs in the mitochondria, allosterically activated by acetyl CoA. OAA has to be transported from mitochondria to cytosol. (PyruvateOxaloacetate “OAA”) 2- PEPCK: Decarboxylation & phosphorylation reaction, requires energy (GTP), occurs in cytosol, the enzyme’s gene is induced by glucagon & repress ...
Fundamentals of Biochemistry
... - Under anaerobic conditions, the major source of ATP in yeast is also obtained via anaerobic glycolysis - The pyruvate end-product of glycolysis is ultimately converted via a two-step process called “alcoholic fermentation” to ethanol: (1) Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) decarboxylates pyruvate to ace ...
... - Under anaerobic conditions, the major source of ATP in yeast is also obtained via anaerobic glycolysis - The pyruvate end-product of glycolysis is ultimately converted via a two-step process called “alcoholic fermentation” to ethanol: (1) Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) decarboxylates pyruvate to ace ...
Protein enzyme
... No reaction takes place on the inhibitor Inhibition depends on the strength of inhibitor binding and inhibitor concentration Substrate is blocked from the active site Increasing substrate concentration reverses inhibition Inhibitor likely to be similar in structure to the substrate ...
... No reaction takes place on the inhibitor Inhibition depends on the strength of inhibitor binding and inhibitor concentration Substrate is blocked from the active site Increasing substrate concentration reverses inhibition Inhibitor likely to be similar in structure to the substrate ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reaction_catalyzed_by_lactate_dehydrogenase.png?width=300)
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.