Exam 4 key fall 2010
... (5) 10. Glycolysis can take place in the absence of oxygen. However, there is a necessary reaction after glycolysis, in anaerobic conditions to keep it going. In mammals what is that reaction? (You don’t have to give structures just identify it) What does it regenerate so glycolysis can continue? ...
... (5) 10. Glycolysis can take place in the absence of oxygen. However, there is a necessary reaction after glycolysis, in anaerobic conditions to keep it going. In mammals what is that reaction? (You don’t have to give structures just identify it) What does it regenerate so glycolysis can continue? ...
AKA TCA CYCLE, KREB`S CYCLE
... then: •isocitrate cleaved to succinate and glyoxylate by isocitrate lyase succ goes to TCA in mitos •glyoxylate accepts acetate from another acetyl CoA to form malate: catalyzed by malate synthase •malate then to oxaloactate for another turn by isozyme of malate dehydrogenase PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHW ...
... then: •isocitrate cleaved to succinate and glyoxylate by isocitrate lyase succ goes to TCA in mitos •glyoxylate accepts acetate from another acetyl CoA to form malate: catalyzed by malate synthase •malate then to oxaloactate for another turn by isozyme of malate dehydrogenase PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHW ...
Inborn errors of the Krebs cycle: a group of unusual mitochondrial
... investigation of patients presenting specific defects of Krebs cycle enzymes, resulting from deleterious mutations of the considered genes, leads to reconsider this simple envision by revealing organ-specific impairments, mostly affecting neuromuscular system. This often leaves aside organs the meta ...
... investigation of patients presenting specific defects of Krebs cycle enzymes, resulting from deleterious mutations of the considered genes, leads to reconsider this simple envision by revealing organ-specific impairments, mostly affecting neuromuscular system. This often leaves aside organs the meta ...
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway
... • Glycolysis not only supplies energy but also metabolites, hence it must be tightly ...
... • Glycolysis not only supplies energy but also metabolites, hence it must be tightly ...
Cellular Respiration
... - Kinases transfer phosphate groups from one molecule to another (whether it be a phosphate group from ATP or from FBP) - Substrate-level phosphorylation uses enzymes (like kinases) to phosphorylate molecules. The source of phosphate groups can be from ATP or FBP. In cellular respiration, Kinase ...
... - Kinases transfer phosphate groups from one molecule to another (whether it be a phosphate group from ATP or from FBP) - Substrate-level phosphorylation uses enzymes (like kinases) to phosphorylate molecules. The source of phosphate groups can be from ATP or FBP. In cellular respiration, Kinase ...
PP - Chemistry Courses: About
... • Previous concepts: Standard free energy is +23kJ, but it is a near equilibrium reaction ...
... • Previous concepts: Standard free energy is +23kJ, but it is a near equilibrium reaction ...
lactate: what does it really tell us?
... Recent evidence suggests that this lactate excretion from the cell is vitally important in the regulation of intracellular pH. Increased cellular lactate production therefore results in an elevated interstitial and then blood lactate concentration. All tissues can produce lactate, but basal lactate ...
... Recent evidence suggests that this lactate excretion from the cell is vitally important in the regulation of intracellular pH. Increased cellular lactate production therefore results in an elevated interstitial and then blood lactate concentration. All tissues can produce lactate, but basal lactate ...
Glycolysis
... Many tissues, including red blood cells, the kidney medulla, the tissues of the eye, and skeletal muscles, rely on anaerobic glycolysis for at least a portion of their ATP requirements . The lack of mitochondria, or the increased rate of glycolysis, is often related to some aspect of cell function. ...
... Many tissues, including red blood cells, the kidney medulla, the tissues of the eye, and skeletal muscles, rely on anaerobic glycolysis for at least a portion of their ATP requirements . The lack of mitochondria, or the increased rate of glycolysis, is often related to some aspect of cell function. ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... channeled : The lipoamide group attached to E2 swings between E1 (accepting the electrons and acetyl group) and E3 (giving away the electrons), passing the acetyl group to Coenzyme A on E2 • The multienzyme complexes catalyzing the oxidative decarboxylation of a few different kinds of a-keto acids, ...
... channeled : The lipoamide group attached to E2 swings between E1 (accepting the electrons and acetyl group) and E3 (giving away the electrons), passing the acetyl group to Coenzyme A on E2 • The multienzyme complexes catalyzing the oxidative decarboxylation of a few different kinds of a-keto acids, ...
Energy Metabolism - Georgia Institute of Technology
... • More ADPfaster ATP – Discharge proton gradient – Lower ETC resitsance ...
... • More ADPfaster ATP – Discharge proton gradient – Lower ETC resitsance ...
S14_Fluid_Metabolism_Edema_Effusions
... Malignant pleural effusions . . . • Definition: fluid accumulation in the ...
... Malignant pleural effusions . . . • Definition: fluid accumulation in the ...
File
... even high concentrations. Both ethanol and lactic acid are toxic in even moderate concentrations. Explain why this conversion occurs in organisms. As noted in question 4, when no NAD is available, even glycolysis stops. No ATP will be produced and the cell (or organism) will die. The conversion of ...
... even high concentrations. Both ethanol and lactic acid are toxic in even moderate concentrations. Explain why this conversion occurs in organisms. As noted in question 4, when no NAD is available, even glycolysis stops. No ATP will be produced and the cell (or organism) will die. The conversion of ...
Cellular Respiration: - Multiple Choice Questions Answer all
... Your biology teacher has lost 7 kg of fat on a "low carb" diet. How did the fat leave his ...
... Your biology teacher has lost 7 kg of fat on a "low carb" diet. How did the fat leave his ...
PG1005 Lecture 11 Glycolysis
... • To discuss why when the topic of cellular energy production is introduced, we use glucose as the fuel of choice for the generation of ATP. • To revise the general mechanisms of glucose uptake. • To describe the enzymatic reactions occurring at each step of glycolysis. (substrates, enzymes, prod ...
... • To discuss why when the topic of cellular energy production is introduced, we use glucose as the fuel of choice for the generation of ATP. • To revise the general mechanisms of glucose uptake. • To describe the enzymatic reactions occurring at each step of glycolysis. (substrates, enzymes, prod ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... If anerobic – Lactate is formed from pyruvate after glycolysis by lactate dehydrogenase and the NADH formed is USED. Therefore, net gain of 2 ATP/glucose, not 32! (Hence 5-10% efficiency) ...
... If anerobic – Lactate is formed from pyruvate after glycolysis by lactate dehydrogenase and the NADH formed is USED. Therefore, net gain of 2 ATP/glucose, not 32! (Hence 5-10% efficiency) ...
Inborn Errors of Metabolism A Hospitalist`s Approach
... With ketones=fatty acid oxidation defect ...
... With ketones=fatty acid oxidation defect ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... But now pyruvate is not the end of the process Pyruvate still has a lot of energy in it that has not been ...
... But now pyruvate is not the end of the process Pyruvate still has a lot of energy in it that has not been ...
chapter8 - Teacherpage
... phosphate to the two PGAL, and transfer two electrons and a hydrogen ion from each PGAL to NAD+. Two PGA (phosphoglycerate) and two NADH are the result. D Enzymes transfer a phosphate group from each PGA to ADP. Thus, two ATP have formed by substratelevel phosphorylation. The original energy investm ...
... phosphate to the two PGAL, and transfer two electrons and a hydrogen ion from each PGAL to NAD+. Two PGA (phosphoglycerate) and two NADH are the result. D Enzymes transfer a phosphate group from each PGA to ADP. Thus, two ATP have formed by substratelevel phosphorylation. The original energy investm ...
photosynthesis-and-cellular-respiration-worksheet
... produce NADH andFADH2, ATP is formed by substrate-level phosphorylation, and CO2 is released NADH (from glycolysis and Kreb’s) and FADH2 (from Kreb’s) transfer electrons to carrier molecules in mitochondrial membrane. In a series of redox reactions, H+ is pumped into intermembrane space, and electro ...
... produce NADH andFADH2, ATP is formed by substrate-level phosphorylation, and CO2 is released NADH (from glycolysis and Kreb’s) and FADH2 (from Kreb’s) transfer electrons to carrier molecules in mitochondrial membrane. In a series of redox reactions, H+ is pumped into intermembrane space, and electro ...
General Chemistry 110 Quiz 1
... Name (Last, First):__Dan Vivian_______________________ Chem 3550 Test 3 , Professor David L. Huffman, Wednesday, 11/10/2005 ...
... Name (Last, First):__Dan Vivian_______________________ Chem 3550 Test 3 , Professor David L. Huffman, Wednesday, 11/10/2005 ...
Metabolism
... • Stores glucose by converting glucose to glycogen. • Takes place in liver and skeletal muscle. • Operates when high levels of glucose-6-phosphate are formed in the first reaction of glycolysis. • Does not operate when energy stores (glycogen) are full, which means that additional glucose is convert ...
... • Stores glucose by converting glucose to glycogen. • Takes place in liver and skeletal muscle. • Operates when high levels of glucose-6-phosphate are formed in the first reaction of glycolysis. • Does not operate when energy stores (glycogen) are full, which means that additional glucose is convert ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.