Lecture 10
... • Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F26BP) is a switch molecule that increases glycolysis by activating phosphofructokinase 1 and inhibiting fructose 1,6bisphosphatase. • F26BP levels are controlled by an enzyme with 2 active sites. The un-phosphorylated enzyme has phosphofructokinase 2 activity and yields ...
... • Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F26BP) is a switch molecule that increases glycolysis by activating phosphofructokinase 1 and inhibiting fructose 1,6bisphosphatase. • F26BP levels are controlled by an enzyme with 2 active sites. The un-phosphorylated enzyme has phosphofructokinase 2 activity and yields ...
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels as a Predictive Marker of
... levels (Table 3). As shown in Figure 1, serum LDH levels increased as the cycle number increased in some patients, and thereafter grade 3/4 reactions occurred (Figure 1). This phenomenon was not observed in patients with grade 1/2 reactions. If an increase in serum LDH levels suggests the exacerbati ...
... levels (Table 3). As shown in Figure 1, serum LDH levels increased as the cycle number increased in some patients, and thereafter grade 3/4 reactions occurred (Figure 1). This phenomenon was not observed in patients with grade 1/2 reactions. If an increase in serum LDH levels suggests the exacerbati ...
Pyruvate Oxidation Overview of pyruvate metabolism - Rose
... The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is closely related to the a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (an important TCA cycle enzyme) and to the branchedchain a-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (an important enzyme in the metabolism of leucine, valine, and isoleucine). It is therefore worth spending some ...
... The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is closely related to the a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (an important TCA cycle enzyme) and to the branchedchain a-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (an important enzyme in the metabolism of leucine, valine, and isoleucine). It is therefore worth spending some ...
Cell respiration powerpoint animation
... Glycolysis Glucose Only 2 ATP are made. If NO O2 ATP Glycolysis ...
... Glycolysis Glucose Only 2 ATP are made. If NO O2 ATP Glycolysis ...
Respiration
... Ex. fungi, bacteria, human Used in brewing, muscle cells winemaking, baking Used to make cheese, yogurt, acetone, methanol Note: Lactate build-up does NOT cause muscle fatigue and pain (old idea) ...
... Ex. fungi, bacteria, human Used in brewing, muscle cells winemaking, baking Used to make cheese, yogurt, acetone, methanol Note: Lactate build-up does NOT cause muscle fatigue and pain (old idea) ...
Control and Integration of Metabolism
... (a) Substrate Availability • Any metabolic pathway could be regulated by availability of substrate. • A reduction in substrate conc. will decrease the activity of a enzyme (provided it is not saturated with substrate) and this could result in a decreased flux through the pathway. • An increase in s ...
... (a) Substrate Availability • Any metabolic pathway could be regulated by availability of substrate. • A reduction in substrate conc. will decrease the activity of a enzyme (provided it is not saturated with substrate) and this could result in a decreased flux through the pathway. • An increase in s ...
08_Cellular respiration ppt
... Outline the steps of fermentation. Compare the efficiency of aerobic to anaerobic respiration. Explain the reason pyruvic acid is described as ...
... Outline the steps of fermentation. Compare the efficiency of aerobic to anaerobic respiration. Explain the reason pyruvic acid is described as ...
BioN04 Enzymes 2015 v2
... • One danger of traumatic injury to the pancreas or the duct that leads to the small intestine is premature activation of these zymogens, resulting in acute pancreatitis, a painful and potentially fatal condition in which the activated enzymes attack the pancreas. ...
... • One danger of traumatic injury to the pancreas or the duct that leads to the small intestine is premature activation of these zymogens, resulting in acute pancreatitis, a painful and potentially fatal condition in which the activated enzymes attack the pancreas. ...
Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis
... sugar is broken down ● First 10 reactions of cellular respiration ● 6-carbon sugar (glucose) is broken down into two 3-carbon sugars (pyruvic acid) ● All these reactions occur in the cytoplasm ● Each step is catalysed by a specific enzyme ● Anaerobic respirations occur here which doesn't require oxy ...
... sugar is broken down ● First 10 reactions of cellular respiration ● 6-carbon sugar (glucose) is broken down into two 3-carbon sugars (pyruvic acid) ● All these reactions occur in the cytoplasm ● Each step is catalysed by a specific enzyme ● Anaerobic respirations occur here which doesn't require oxy ...
Lecture 21
... Isozymes: Enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are different in their kinetic behavior Tissue specific Glucokinase- Liver controls blood glucose levels. Hexokinase in muscle - allosteric inhibition by ATP Hexokinase in brain - NO allosteric inhibition by ATP ...
... Isozymes: Enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are different in their kinetic behavior Tissue specific Glucokinase- Liver controls blood glucose levels. Hexokinase in muscle - allosteric inhibition by ATP Hexokinase in brain - NO allosteric inhibition by ATP ...
2, The Glyoxylate Pathway
... bloodstream to the liver, where it is converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis. The bloodstream carries glucose back to the muscles, where it may be stored as glycogen. ...
... bloodstream to the liver, where it is converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis. The bloodstream carries glucose back to the muscles, where it may be stored as glycogen. ...
Document
... bloodstream to the liver, where it is converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis. The bloodstream carries glucose back to the muscles, where it may be stored as glycogen. ...
... bloodstream to the liver, where it is converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis. The bloodstream carries glucose back to the muscles, where it may be stored as glycogen. ...
Student notes in ppt
... A value for Gº’ < 0 confirms that this coupled redox reaction is favorable, i.e., it is favorable to oxidize isocitrate and reduce NAD+. In order to calculate the actual reduction potentials for conjugate redox pairs, you need to use the Nernst equation and know the actual concentration of the oxid ...
... A value for Gº’ < 0 confirms that this coupled redox reaction is favorable, i.e., it is favorable to oxidize isocitrate and reduce NAD+. In order to calculate the actual reduction potentials for conjugate redox pairs, you need to use the Nernst equation and know the actual concentration of the oxid ...
ALACTATE TRAINING: Does it Really Exist?
... Forearm Muscles During Work of High Intensity and Varying Duration. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1962; 56:267‐ ...
... Forearm Muscles During Work of High Intensity and Varying Duration. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1962; 56:267‐ ...
One Up
... Forearm Muscles During Work of High Intensity and Varying Duration. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1962; 56:267‐ ...
... Forearm Muscles During Work of High Intensity and Varying Duration. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1962; 56:267‐ ...
4:6 Fermentation
... 4.6 Fermentation • Alcoholic fermentation is similar to lactic acid fermentation. – glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation – energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide – NADH is changed back into NAD+ – NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis ...
... 4.6 Fermentation • Alcoholic fermentation is similar to lactic acid fermentation. – glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation – energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide – NADH is changed back into NAD+ – NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis ...
Here is a practice Test
... 24. The chemical reaction that involves pyruvate and lactate may require either oxidation or reduction of a coenzyme, and the direction depends on the relative concentrations of the reactants. a. true b. false 25. In order to be oxidized for the eventual formation of ATP, amino acids must first be b ...
... 24. The chemical reaction that involves pyruvate and lactate may require either oxidation or reduction of a coenzyme, and the direction depends on the relative concentrations of the reactants. a. true b. false 25. In order to be oxidized for the eventual formation of ATP, amino acids must first be b ...
fermentation
... forward; it requires only a constant source of NAD+ to oxidize the glucose. This oxidation indirectly allows the creation of two ATP that occurs during glycolysis. In an anaerobic situation, the two ATP from glycolysis are the only energy molecules a cell can produce. Because of this, a cell wants t ...
... forward; it requires only a constant source of NAD+ to oxidize the glucose. This oxidation indirectly allows the creation of two ATP that occurs during glycolysis. In an anaerobic situation, the two ATP from glycolysis are the only energy molecules a cell can produce. Because of this, a cell wants t ...
Metabolism of cardiac muscles
... receptor (PPAR) • Expression of isoforms in myocardial cells: – PPAR-α >> PPAR-β >> PPAR- Heart, skeletal muscle, and liver ...
... receptor (PPAR) • Expression of isoforms in myocardial cells: – PPAR-α >> PPAR-β >> PPAR- Heart, skeletal muscle, and liver ...
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... • TCA cycle (a.k.a Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle) plays several roles in metabolism • It is the final pathway where oxidative metabolism of CHO’s, aa’s & fatty acids converge, their C skeletons being converted to CO2 & H2O. This oxidation provides energy for production of majority of ATP. • The c ...
... • TCA cycle (a.k.a Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle) plays several roles in metabolism • It is the final pathway where oxidative metabolism of CHO’s, aa’s & fatty acids converge, their C skeletons being converted to CO2 & H2O. This oxidation provides energy for production of majority of ATP. • The c ...
Document
... ____________ enables some cells to produce ATP without the use of _________ • Glycolysis generates ______ whether oxygen is present (aerobic) or not (anaerobic). ...
... ____________ enables some cells to produce ATP without the use of _________ • Glycolysis generates ______ whether oxygen is present (aerobic) or not (anaerobic). ...
13-Krebs cycle
... (Extra slide to understand general concept) Overview of Krebs cycle: The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from ca ...
... (Extra slide to understand general concept) Overview of Krebs cycle: The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from ca ...
13-Krebs cycle
... (Extra slide to understand general concept) Overview of Krebs cycle: The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from ca ...
... (Extra slide to understand general concept) Overview of Krebs cycle: The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from ca ...
General Chemistry 110 Quiz 1
... a. The Calvin cycle b. Photon activation and electron flow in photosynthesis c. The mechanism of ATP production in oxidative phosphorylation d. Itemization of the moles of ATP produced from one mole of glucose ...
... a. The Calvin cycle b. Photon activation and electron flow in photosynthesis c. The mechanism of ATP production in oxidative phosphorylation d. Itemization of the moles of ATP produced from one mole of glucose ...
Exam 4 key fall 2010
... (5) 10. Glycolysis can take place in the absence of oxygen. However, there is a necessary reaction after glycolysis, in anaerobic conditions to keep it going. In mammals what is that reaction? (You don’t have to give structures just identify it) What does it regenerate so glycolysis can continue? ...
... (5) 10. Glycolysis can take place in the absence of oxygen. However, there is a necessary reaction after glycolysis, in anaerobic conditions to keep it going. In mammals what is that reaction? (You don’t have to give structures just identify it) What does it regenerate so glycolysis can continue? ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.