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Exercise Metabolism
... 1. Ability of cardio-respiratory system to deliver O2 to muscle 2. Ability of muscles to use oxygen and produce ATP ...
... 1. Ability of cardio-respiratory system to deliver O2 to muscle 2. Ability of muscles to use oxygen and produce ATP ...
Editorial Comment
... exercise. Similarly, in studies on oxygen uptake and blood flow of the knee extensor muscles of one leg during maximal knee extension exercise, Anderson and Saltin13 found that the maximal blood flow and oxygen uptake per kilogram of the active muscle was considerably higher than would be present if ...
... exercise. Similarly, in studies on oxygen uptake and blood flow of the knee extensor muscles of one leg during maximal knee extension exercise, Anderson and Saltin13 found that the maximal blood flow and oxygen uptake per kilogram of the active muscle was considerably higher than would be present if ...
Multiple choice questions
... How many ATP molecules can be derived from each molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the Krebs’ Cycle? ...
... How many ATP molecules can be derived from each molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the Krebs’ Cycle? ...
Ch 9: E.T.C./ Oxidative Phosphorylation
... the mitochondrial membrane, which stores potential energy that can be used to phosphorylate ADP • Some of the proteins in the e.t.c. pump H+ against their gradient…this generates a proton (H+) gradient called the PROTON MOTIVE FORCE. ...
... the mitochondrial membrane, which stores potential energy that can be used to phosphorylate ADP • Some of the proteins in the e.t.c. pump H+ against their gradient…this generates a proton (H+) gradient called the PROTON MOTIVE FORCE. ...
Changes in cardiac metabolism: a critical step from stable angina to
... is not so readily oxidized in the mitochondria, and there is a high rate of conversion of pyruvate to lactate in the cytosol, and a rise in tissue lactate content. Instead of the normal uptake of lactate from the blood, the ischaemic myocardium switches to production of lactate. Cell homeostatis is ...
... is not so readily oxidized in the mitochondria, and there is a high rate of conversion of pyruvate to lactate in the cytosol, and a rise in tissue lactate content. Instead of the normal uptake of lactate from the blood, the ischaemic myocardium switches to production of lactate. Cell homeostatis is ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 12.1 Glycolysis (Embden
... into the cycle is controlled by pyruvate dehydrogenase activity that is inhibited by ATP and NADH. Two other important regulatory steps in the cycle are controlled by isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases, whose activities are controlled by the levels of high-energy phosphates. FIGURE 12.3 R ...
... into the cycle is controlled by pyruvate dehydrogenase activity that is inhibited by ATP and NADH. Two other important regulatory steps in the cycle are controlled by isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases, whose activities are controlled by the levels of high-energy phosphates. FIGURE 12.3 R ...
Carbohydrate metabolism
... Pyr is the branch point of glycolysis. The final fate of Pyr depends on the oxidation state of the cell. a) under aerobic conditions – Pyr enters into mitochondria and undergoes pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction (PDH) → acetyl-CoA → CAC. b) under anaerobic conditions – Pyr undergoes lactate dehydrogen ...
... Pyr is the branch point of glycolysis. The final fate of Pyr depends on the oxidation state of the cell. a) under aerobic conditions – Pyr enters into mitochondria and undergoes pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction (PDH) → acetyl-CoA → CAC. b) under anaerobic conditions – Pyr undergoes lactate dehydrogen ...
Enzymes - Ústav lékařské chemie a biochemie
... The influence of pH will be demonstrated on the example of pepsin. There are different forms of active pepsin which differ depending on species and are also named differently. All of them belong to the subsubclass of aspartate endopeptidases (EC 3.4.23), i.e. they possess in their active sites two a ...
... The influence of pH will be demonstrated on the example of pepsin. There are different forms of active pepsin which differ depending on species and are also named differently. All of them belong to the subsubclass of aspartate endopeptidases (EC 3.4.23), i.e. they possess in their active sites two a ...
Overview of metabolism
... (Cori's Cycle) • Cori's Cycle is the cycle illustrating the fate of lactic acid produced by active muscles and RBCs. • Lactate and/or pyruvate formed by the anaerobic oxidation of glucose from skeletal muscle glycogen or glycolysis in RBCs, diffuses to blood stream and is transported to the liver an ...
... (Cori's Cycle) • Cori's Cycle is the cycle illustrating the fate of lactic acid produced by active muscles and RBCs. • Lactate and/or pyruvate formed by the anaerobic oxidation of glucose from skeletal muscle glycogen or glycolysis in RBCs, diffuses to blood stream and is transported to the liver an ...
Glycolysis and the Catabolism of Hexoses
... multiple enzyme complexes, where substrate is channeled from one enzyme to another. • The sugar units on glycogen is converted to glucose 1-phosphate via phosphorolysis, which is catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase. • Other monosaccharides are also converted to intermediates of glycolysis for furthe ...
... multiple enzyme complexes, where substrate is channeled from one enzyme to another. • The sugar units on glycogen is converted to glucose 1-phosphate via phosphorolysis, which is catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase. • Other monosaccharides are also converted to intermediates of glycolysis for furthe ...
Cellular respiration
... • it is here that fats and proteins can ‘enter the picture’ (i.e., be used as a fuel source) • it is also when we move from the sarcoplasm into the mitochondria for the first time ...
... • it is here that fats and proteins can ‘enter the picture’ (i.e., be used as a fuel source) • it is also when we move from the sarcoplasm into the mitochondria for the first time ...
Topic 3 Proteins as Drug Targets
... Induced fit Bonding forces Catalysis mechanisms Acid/base catalysis Nucleophilic residues Overall process of enzyme catalysis Competitive (reversible) inhibitors Non competitive (irreversible) inhibitors Non competitive (reversible) allosteric inhibitors Example: NSAIDS for inflammation ...
... Induced fit Bonding forces Catalysis mechanisms Acid/base catalysis Nucleophilic residues Overall process of enzyme catalysis Competitive (reversible) inhibitors Non competitive (irreversible) inhibitors Non competitive (reversible) allosteric inhibitors Example: NSAIDS for inflammation ...
Enzymes and their Cofactors Source: Biochemistry: An Illustrated
... decarboxylases play a critical role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine) -- Glycogen phosphorylase: This enzyme is involved in the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) -- Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase: The ratelimiting step in heme and porphyrin synthesis is catalyzed by thi ...
... decarboxylases play a critical role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine) -- Glycogen phosphorylase: This enzyme is involved in the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) -- Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase: The ratelimiting step in heme and porphyrin synthesis is catalyzed by thi ...
Chapter 16 Citric Acid Cycle
... (Hence name of cycle) Then thru series of steps 2 CO2 are removed (NOT the C rom the acetate!) And 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 GTP generated and oxalacetate regenerated to begin cycle again Cycle is nice 1 oxaloacetate can oxidized infinite # of acetate 4, 5, & 6C intermediates serve both and sources for ...
... (Hence name of cycle) Then thru series of steps 2 CO2 are removed (NOT the C rom the acetate!) And 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 GTP generated and oxalacetate regenerated to begin cycle again Cycle is nice 1 oxaloacetate can oxidized infinite # of acetate 4, 5, & 6C intermediates serve both and sources for ...
Lecture 26
... Inhibited by NADH and NADPH Competitively bind to the NAD+ binding site. Requires Mn2+ or Mg2+ cofactor. Mechanistically-oxidize to the b-keto acid. 2 forms of the enzyme Mitochondrial form is NAD+ dependant [ADP] E. coli, mitochondrial, cytoplasmic forms NADP+ ...
... Inhibited by NADH and NADPH Competitively bind to the NAD+ binding site. Requires Mn2+ or Mg2+ cofactor. Mechanistically-oxidize to the b-keto acid. 2 forms of the enzyme Mitochondrial form is NAD+ dependant [ADP] E. coli, mitochondrial, cytoplasmic forms NADP+ ...
Mitochondrial Disease
... • Transport of LCFA from cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix via β-oxidation • Autosomal recessive • CPT I • Hepatomegaly, mostly occurring in infants • Reye’s syndrome “attacks” with fasting or illness • Treatment can include maintaining high glucose intake and medium-chain triglyceride supplemen ...
... • Transport of LCFA from cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix via β-oxidation • Autosomal recessive • CPT I • Hepatomegaly, mostly occurring in infants • Reye’s syndrome “attacks” with fasting or illness • Treatment can include maintaining high glucose intake and medium-chain triglyceride supplemen ...
Block 1 Unit #3
... 8. What role does dihydroxyacetone phosphate play in a) glycolysis b) triglyceride synthesis c) in the glycerol phosphate shuttle? a. Glycolysis – dihydroxyacetone is converted to Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate b. Triglyceride synthesis – it is converted to glycerol 3 phosphate which is a precursor for ...
... 8. What role does dihydroxyacetone phosphate play in a) glycolysis b) triglyceride synthesis c) in the glycerol phosphate shuttle? a. Glycolysis – dihydroxyacetone is converted to Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate b. Triglyceride synthesis – it is converted to glycerol 3 phosphate which is a precursor for ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis - University of San Diego Home
... How Do Cells Regulate Glycolysis? The elegant evidence of regulation Standard state DG values are scattered, with both plus and minus values and an interesting apparent pattern ...
... How Do Cells Regulate Glycolysis? The elegant evidence of regulation Standard state DG values are scattered, with both plus and minus values and an interesting apparent pattern ...
Exam 1 2007 - chem.uwec.edu
... a and d 5. What two 3-carbon molecules are generated by the cleavage of fructose-1,6bisphosphate? A) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate C) pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate D) enolase and 2-phosphoglycerate E) glyceraldehyde- ...
... a and d 5. What two 3-carbon molecules are generated by the cleavage of fructose-1,6bisphosphate? A) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate C) pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate D) enolase and 2-phosphoglycerate E) glyceraldehyde- ...
Skeletal Muscle Fibre Characteristics in Young and Old Bulls and
... 1989). Even though the older bulls had been exposed to several years of outdoor life they had a similar ®bre type composition as the younger bulls. The only increased demand on the ®bres with time will be due to growth and, thus, the increase that occurs in body weight. The enzyme activities showed ...
... 1989). Even though the older bulls had been exposed to several years of outdoor life they had a similar ®bre type composition as the younger bulls. The only increased demand on the ®bres with time will be due to growth and, thus, the increase that occurs in body weight. The enzyme activities showed ...
Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2000 - Third Exam
... Asp53 stabilizes the carbocation. It is not essential for activity, but replacement of it with Asn would reduce the activity. B5 (4 pts) Answer one of the following two questions: i) What are the similarities and differences between product inhibition and feedback inhibition. Both are involved with ...
... Asp53 stabilizes the carbocation. It is not essential for activity, but replacement of it with Asn would reduce the activity. B5 (4 pts) Answer one of the following two questions: i) What are the similarities and differences between product inhibition and feedback inhibition. Both are involved with ...
Week III Lecture I slides
... • OXIDATION is the loss of electrons from a substance • REDUCTION is the addition of electrons to a substance ...
... • OXIDATION is the loss of electrons from a substance • REDUCTION is the addition of electrons to a substance ...
Metabolic flux rewiring in mammalian cell cultures
... Typical metabolic phenotypes of proliferating and non-proliferating CCLs. (a) Exponentially growing cultures exhibit aerobic glycolysis and rely on elevated glutamine consumption to fuel mitochondrial metabolism. This results in increased lactate and ammonium production as cells rewire their metabol ...
... Typical metabolic phenotypes of proliferating and non-proliferating CCLs. (a) Exponentially growing cultures exhibit aerobic glycolysis and rely on elevated glutamine consumption to fuel mitochondrial metabolism. This results in increased lactate and ammonium production as cells rewire their metabol ...
1 - TechnionMed
... 19) The chemiosmotic hypothesis suggests that the potential energy of the electrons moving down the mitochondrial electron transport chain from a negative to a positive oxidation potential is initially conserved in the form of a: a. b. c. d. ...
... 19) The chemiosmotic hypothesis suggests that the potential energy of the electrons moving down the mitochondrial electron transport chain from a negative to a positive oxidation potential is initially conserved in the form of a: a. b. c. d. ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reaction_catalyzed_by_lactate_dehydrogenase.png?width=300)
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.