Intermediary metabolism
... • synthesis of citrulline (used in urea cycle): intake of proteins in a diet (fed state) degradation of body proteins (starvation) concentration of glutamine ...
... • synthesis of citrulline (used in urea cycle): intake of proteins in a diet (fed state) degradation of body proteins (starvation) concentration of glutamine ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... sun to drive phosphorylation of ADP ATP 2. Substrate-level phosphorylation – glycolysis and Krebs cycle use proteins (substrates) to phosphorylate ADP ATP 3. Oxidative phosphorylation – in ETC, redox reactions drive production of ATP • This is where most of ATP generated from cell respiration co ...
... sun to drive phosphorylation of ADP ATP 2. Substrate-level phosphorylation – glycolysis and Krebs cycle use proteins (substrates) to phosphorylate ADP ATP 3. Oxidative phosphorylation – in ETC, redox reactions drive production of ATP • This is where most of ATP generated from cell respiration co ...
The Cardiovascular System and Exercise
... During resting conditions the oxygen content of blood varies from about 20ml of oxygen per 100ml of arterial blood to 14ml of oxygen per 100ml of venous blood. The difference in oxygen content of arterial and venous blood is known as a-vO2 difference. As exercise intensity increase the a-vO2 differe ...
... During resting conditions the oxygen content of blood varies from about 20ml of oxygen per 100ml of arterial blood to 14ml of oxygen per 100ml of venous blood. The difference in oxygen content of arterial and venous blood is known as a-vO2 difference. As exercise intensity increase the a-vO2 differe ...
Microbial Metabolism
... • Although we can recognize a substrate and product of individual enzymatic reactions; metabolic functions are often performed by several enzymatic reactions in a “pathway”. • Pathways can be linear, branched, cyclic or even spiral. ...
... • Although we can recognize a substrate and product of individual enzymatic reactions; metabolic functions are often performed by several enzymatic reactions in a “pathway”. • Pathways can be linear, branched, cyclic or even spiral. ...
Enzymes Recap
... • The chemical structure is such that its successive oxida5on yields high energy electrons that can be harnessed to drive ATP synthesis in an energy efficient manner ...
... • The chemical structure is such that its successive oxida5on yields high energy electrons that can be harnessed to drive ATP synthesis in an energy efficient manner ...
Activation by Exercise of Human Skeletal Muscle Pyruvate
... The ratio of active to total pyruvate dehydrogenase activity found in the present study in human resting vastus lateralis muscle is higher than previously found in rat muscle [81. Studies in our laboratory, with methods similar to those used in the present work [131, showed total pyruvate dehydrogen ...
... The ratio of active to total pyruvate dehydrogenase activity found in the present study in human resting vastus lateralis muscle is higher than previously found in rat muscle [81. Studies in our laboratory, with methods similar to those used in the present work [131, showed total pyruvate dehydrogen ...
Control of Maximum Rates of Glycolysis in Rat Cardiac Muscle
... stimulation of glycolysis resulted in increased cytosolic NADH/NAD ratios and the rate of disposal of glycolytically produced NADH appeared to limit the maximum glycolytic rate. In aerobic hearts, oxidation of glucose and lactate increased linearly as developed ventricular pressure was raised from 6 ...
... stimulation of glycolysis resulted in increased cytosolic NADH/NAD ratios and the rate of disposal of glycolytically produced NADH appeared to limit the maximum glycolytic rate. In aerobic hearts, oxidation of glucose and lactate increased linearly as developed ventricular pressure was raised from 6 ...
Glycolysis Quiz
... 7. Enzymes involved in the oxidation reduction of a substance can not operate without NAD+. What is NAD+ known as? (a) co-enzyme (b) co-factor (c) amino acid (d) protein ...
... 7. Enzymes involved in the oxidation reduction of a substance can not operate without NAD+. What is NAD+ known as? (a) co-enzyme (b) co-factor (c) amino acid (d) protein ...
PowerPoint
... AG tends to be less than the decrease in the HCO3. In L-lactic acidosis where the increase in the AG tends to be greater than the reduction in the bicarb. ...
... AG tends to be less than the decrease in the HCO3. In L-lactic acidosis where the increase in the AG tends to be greater than the reduction in the bicarb. ...
The Structural Basis of Molecular Adaptation
... mechanisms (e.g., Dykhuizen and Dean 1994; Rosenzweig et al. 1994; Krishnan, Hall, and Sinnott 1995). Both approaches, in the field and on the petri dish, are concerned with current selection. Neither addresses the problem of studying ancient adaptations. Phylogenies are needed for that. And so, thr ...
... mechanisms (e.g., Dykhuizen and Dean 1994; Rosenzweig et al. 1994; Krishnan, Hall, and Sinnott 1995). Both approaches, in the field and on the petri dish, are concerned with current selection. Neither addresses the problem of studying ancient adaptations. Phylogenies are needed for that. And so, thr ...
Exam Procedures: this isBMB 514 Exam #2 10/8/12 this is form A
... When you finish, place all exam materials (except the tear sheet) into the manila envelope. When you leave the exam room, please turn in your envelope to the proctors. Once you exit the auditorium, please leave the area. Hallway conversations disturb those still taking the exam. There will be an ...
... When you finish, place all exam materials (except the tear sheet) into the manila envelope. When you leave the exam room, please turn in your envelope to the proctors. Once you exit the auditorium, please leave the area. Hallway conversations disturb those still taking the exam. There will be an ...
Word
... When you finish, place all exam materials (except the tear sheet) into the manila envelope. When you leave the exam room, please turn in your envelope to the proctors. Once you exit the auditorium, please leave the area. Hallway conversations disturb those still taking the exam. There will be an ...
... When you finish, place all exam materials (except the tear sheet) into the manila envelope. When you leave the exam room, please turn in your envelope to the proctors. Once you exit the auditorium, please leave the area. Hallway conversations disturb those still taking the exam. There will be an ...
Cell Respiration
... The process of respiration takes places in several steps (metabolic pathway). Anaerobic respiration occurs in the CYTOPLASM. Glucose is broken down into a simpler substance called PYRUVATE. (pyruvic acid) A small amount of ATP is produced in this reaction. ...
... The process of respiration takes places in several steps (metabolic pathway). Anaerobic respiration occurs in the CYTOPLASM. Glucose is broken down into a simpler substance called PYRUVATE. (pyruvic acid) A small amount of ATP is produced in this reaction. ...
File
... a lower efficiency in energy production from glycolysis. • Complete oxidation of CO2 in healthy cells under aerobic conditions yields ~30 ATP per glucose. • Anaerobic metabolism of glucose in tumor cells yields 2 ATP per glucose. – Glucose transporters and most glycolytic enzymes are overexpressed i ...
... a lower efficiency in energy production from glycolysis. • Complete oxidation of CO2 in healthy cells under aerobic conditions yields ~30 ATP per glucose. • Anaerobic metabolism of glucose in tumor cells yields 2 ATP per glucose. – Glucose transporters and most glycolytic enzymes are overexpressed i ...
How Cells Harvest Energy: Cellular Respiration
... The human body uses energy from ATP for all its activities ...
... The human body uses energy from ATP for all its activities ...
Mechanisms of Enzyme Regulation • Substrate concentration
... • Modulator protein binding • Amount of enzyme present ...
... • Modulator protein binding • Amount of enzyme present ...
therapy of metabolic myopathies
... • Longest survivors of first trials are now 10 years old • Improvement in walking distance and stabilization of pulmonary function in ambulatory adults • Myozyme® might also improve QoL and respiratory function in severe late-onset Pompe disease patients • Shall we observe a clinically meaningful im ...
... • Longest survivors of first trials are now 10 years old • Improvement in walking distance and stabilization of pulmonary function in ambulatory adults • Myozyme® might also improve QoL and respiratory function in severe late-onset Pompe disease patients • Shall we observe a clinically meaningful im ...
5. TCA Cycle
... Looking back at glycolysis Glucose + 2Pi + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+ -> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O ...
... Looking back at glycolysis Glucose + 2Pi + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+ -> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O ...
Cellular Respiration
... e. high permeability to protons. 10. Fermentation is not as energy productive as respiration because a. it does not take place in a specialized membrane-bound organelle. b. it takes place within the mitochondria of cells. c. it is the pathway common to fermentation and respiration. d. NAD+ is regene ...
... e. high permeability to protons. 10. Fermentation is not as energy productive as respiration because a. it does not take place in a specialized membrane-bound organelle. b. it takes place within the mitochondria of cells. c. it is the pathway common to fermentation and respiration. d. NAD+ is regene ...
Middle-Term Test Paper on Biochemistry
... E. The only mode to yield ATP during glycolysis is phosphorylation at the substrate level 11) Which is the most key enzyme for the glycolysis as following: A. Hexokinase B. Fructose-6-phosphokinase-1 C. Glucose kinase D. Pyruvate kinase E. Fructose-6-phosphokinase-2 12) All the following narrations ...
... E. The only mode to yield ATP during glycolysis is phosphorylation at the substrate level 11) Which is the most key enzyme for the glycolysis as following: A. Hexokinase B. Fructose-6-phosphokinase-1 C. Glucose kinase D. Pyruvate kinase E. Fructose-6-phosphokinase-2 12) All the following narrations ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.