mathematical models of domain ontologies
... relationship has a meaningful interpretation that a community of the domain agrees with, and the whole system is an explicit representation of a conceptualization of the domain understood both as a set of intended situations and as a set of intended knowledge systems of the domain. Some examples of ...
... relationship has a meaningful interpretation that a community of the domain agrees with, and the whole system is an explicit representation of a conceptualization of the domain understood both as a set of intended situations and as a set of intended knowledge systems of the domain. Some examples of ...
CMIP5 Projections of Arctic Amplification, of the North American
... 2020–44, under the same RCP8.5 scenario. The nearterm changes may be especially enlightening, given that September sea ice rapidly declines over the period of 2020–44 and is projected to have largely vanished by the latter part of the twenty-first century (e.g., Overland and Wang 2013). Last, we not ...
... 2020–44, under the same RCP8.5 scenario. The nearterm changes may be especially enlightening, given that September sea ice rapidly declines over the period of 2020–44 and is projected to have largely vanished by the latter part of the twenty-first century (e.g., Overland and Wang 2013). Last, we not ...
Species-specific ecological niche modelling predicts different range
... machine learning and other modelling algorithms, MaxEnt models have consistently performed well in comparative and validation studies when used to predict habitat changes due to climate change [5, 42]. The algorithm GARP [47] was used to model the ecological niche of L. intermedia (s.l.) to help com ...
... machine learning and other modelling algorithms, MaxEnt models have consistently performed well in comparative and validation studies when used to predict habitat changes due to climate change [5, 42]. The algorithm GARP [47] was used to model the ecological niche of L. intermedia (s.l.) to help com ...
Geophysics 4th year Booklet 2013-14 - of /~pgres
... It is very important that all students understand the University’s rules about plagiarism. Students sometimes break these rules unintentionally because they do not realise that some of the ways in which they have incorporated other people’s work into their own, before they came to this University, m ...
... It is very important that all students understand the University’s rules about plagiarism. Students sometimes break these rules unintentionally because they do not realise that some of the ways in which they have incorporated other people’s work into their own, before they came to this University, m ...
predicting_climate_change
... fit on each color and fall stage (e.g. 5 fits for color from c10 to c90), we fit the CDD/P ...
... fit on each color and fall stage (e.g. 5 fits for color from c10 to c90), we fit the CDD/P ...
Implications of land use change in tropical northern Africa under
... latter one is seperated into managed land (shrubs and pasture) and natural vegetation (woody types plus grasses). This partitioning is not given for the underlying hydrological, as this version includes a single-bucket approach. Therefore, all plant function types (PFTs) in one grid box can access t ...
... latter one is seperated into managed land (shrubs and pasture) and natural vegetation (woody types plus grasses). This partitioning is not given for the underlying hydrological, as this version includes a single-bucket approach. Therefore, all plant function types (PFTs) in one grid box can access t ...
Projecting Climate Change in Hawaii
... uman effects on the global climate system, principally through altering the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, are expected to lead to significant warming and other associated changes in the climate worldwide. Human-induced climate changes are likely already obs ...
... uman effects on the global climate system, principally through altering the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, are expected to lead to significant warming and other associated changes in the climate worldwide. Human-induced climate changes are likely already obs ...
Fuzzy-Mapping-Rules
... ¾ 3. Linear Model: this describes the output as a linear function of the input variables, such as: If x1 is Small And x2 is Large Then y = 2x1 + 5x2 + 3. ¾ 4. Non-Linear Model: Theoretically, a local model can be more complex than a linear model. In practice, however, there is rarely such a need. Th ...
... ¾ 3. Linear Model: this describes the output as a linear function of the input variables, such as: If x1 is Small And x2 is Large Then y = 2x1 + 5x2 + 3. ¾ 4. Non-Linear Model: Theoretically, a local model can be more complex than a linear model. In practice, however, there is rarely such a need. Th ...
effective cross-border monitoring systems for waterborne microbial
... Achieving these goals requires rapid detection and timely prediction of a broad spectrum of phenomena (Table 1). Although each goal has unique requirements for data and information, they have many data needs in common. Likewise, the requirements for data communications and management are similar acr ...
... Achieving these goals requires rapid detection and timely prediction of a broad spectrum of phenomena (Table 1). Although each goal has unique requirements for data and information, they have many data needs in common. Likewise, the requirements for data communications and management are similar acr ...
PDF
... and humidity in mapping global vegetation patterns. Since that time, others have explored this link in order to extend the basic model (Box, 1981; Neilson et al., 1992; and Prentice et al., 1992). The more recent works by Neilson et al. (1992) and Prentice et al. (1992) have shown that the rather la ...
... and humidity in mapping global vegetation patterns. Since that time, others have explored this link in order to extend the basic model (Box, 1981; Neilson et al., 1992; and Prentice et al., 1992). The more recent works by Neilson et al. (1992) and Prentice et al. (1992) have shown that the rather la ...
Regional climate change experiments over southern South America
... (HadAM3H). The variables at the boundaries are updated every 6 h, with a linear interpolation between successive updates at each MM5 time step. At sea level pressure is also updated each 6 h. The sea surface temperature and sea ice are updated monthly. The lateral meteorological boundary conditions ...
... (HadAM3H). The variables at the boundaries are updated every 6 h, with a linear interpolation between successive updates at each MM5 time step. At sea level pressure is also updated each 6 h. The sea surface temperature and sea ice are updated monthly. The lateral meteorological boundary conditions ...
3-2-9 Initiatives in the Insurance Sector:
... development of weather derivatives in Japan made it possible to develop these products in Thailand. Weather derivatives are traced back to their development by major energy companies in the United States in 1997. Sompo Japan was the first in Japan to start selling derivatives in December 1999, with ...
... development of weather derivatives in Japan made it possible to develop these products in Thailand. Weather derivatives are traced back to their development by major energy companies in the United States in 1997. Sompo Japan was the first in Japan to start selling derivatives in December 1999, with ...
Projected poleward shift of king penguins
... Since there are many sources of uncertainty about the trajectories of future greenhouse gas emissions and predictions of the different GCMs, we used three different scenarios and adopted an ‘ensemble approach’ to describe the future warming trend within king penguin range. This approach is commonly ...
... Since there are many sources of uncertainty about the trajectories of future greenhouse gas emissions and predictions of the different GCMs, we used three different scenarios and adopted an ‘ensemble approach’ to describe the future warming trend within king penguin range. This approach is commonly ...
Filguiera-AquacultureModeling.pdf
... - Computational complexity - Complex optimization - More expensive ...
... - Computational complexity - Complex optimization - More expensive ...
printer-friendly version
... Students may have been instructed previously that a specific compositional percentage of nitrogen and oxygen exist in the Earth’s atmosphere and that this percentage has not varied from the earliest to the most recent point of their education. This may lead students to incorrectly believe that the c ...
... Students may have been instructed previously that a specific compositional percentage of nitrogen and oxygen exist in the Earth’s atmosphere and that this percentage has not varied from the earliest to the most recent point of their education. This may lead students to incorrectly believe that the c ...
A semiparametric multivariate, multisite weather generator with
... aid these assessments. The model can be used to generate time series of weather expressing various changes in the climate at multiple temporal scales. Such time series may be especially useful for exploring changes that are expected to occur, such as increasing intensity and decreasing frequency of ...
... aid these assessments. The model can be used to generate time series of weather expressing various changes in the climate at multiple temporal scales. Such time series may be especially useful for exploring changes that are expected to occur, such as increasing intensity and decreasing frequency of ...
Climate change intensification of horizontal water vapor transport in
... The employed Eulerian methodology identifies regions where the IVTs, and hence the transport through the atmospheric branch of the water cycle, are projected to change. ...
... The employed Eulerian methodology identifies regions where the IVTs, and hence the transport through the atmospheric branch of the water cycle, are projected to change. ...
Performance Benchmark E
... Students may have been instructed previously that a specific compositional percentage of nitrogen and oxygen exist in the Earth’s atmosphere and that this percentage has not varied from the earliest to the most recent point of their education. This may lead students to incorrectly believe that the c ...
... Students may have been instructed previously that a specific compositional percentage of nitrogen and oxygen exist in the Earth’s atmosphere and that this percentage has not varied from the earliest to the most recent point of their education. This may lead students to incorrectly believe that the c ...
Full-Text PDF
... and water availability is not a limiting factor for economic and social development. This is undoubtedly the main reason why the research carried out in the Iberian Peninsula in this field has been focused primarily on Mediterranean, semi-arid environments where the scarcity of water gives rise to s ...
... and water availability is not a limiting factor for economic and social development. This is undoubtedly the main reason why the research carried out in the Iberian Peninsula in this field has been focused primarily on Mediterranean, semi-arid environments where the scarcity of water gives rise to s ...
... In Nebraska, as in much of the U.S. High Plains, corn is the dominant crop cultivated during the warm season months (Williams and Murfield, 1977). Much of the corn area replaced the tall grass prairie. Irrigated corn, which represented about 10% of total corn-producing areas during the early 1950s, ...
An overview of regional land-use and land
... In Nebraska, as in much of the U.S. High Plains, corn is the dominant crop cultivated during the warm season months (Williams and Murfield, 1977). Much of the corn area replaced the tall grass prairie. Irrigated corn, which represented about 10% of total corn-producing areas during the early 1950s, ...
... In Nebraska, as in much of the U.S. High Plains, corn is the dominant crop cultivated during the warm season months (Williams and Murfield, 1977). Much of the corn area replaced the tall grass prairie. Irrigated corn, which represented about 10% of total corn-producing areas during the early 1950s, ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.