Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... The appearance of the neocortex, its expansion, and its differentiation in mammals, represents one of the principal episodes in the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of ...
... The appearance of the neocortex, its expansion, and its differentiation in mammals, represents one of the principal episodes in the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of ...
34a549e98b7b384
... 10th, & cranial part of 11th ) from above downwards. 4- Inferior cerebellar peduncle: it is the ridge lateral to cuneate tract posteriorly & also lateral to the olive anteriorly. It passes upwards & laterally deep to the middle cerebellar peduncle connecting the medulla with cerebellum. ICP forms th ...
... 10th, & cranial part of 11th ) from above downwards. 4- Inferior cerebellar peduncle: it is the ridge lateral to cuneate tract posteriorly & also lateral to the olive anteriorly. It passes upwards & laterally deep to the middle cerebellar peduncle connecting the medulla with cerebellum. ICP forms th ...
Computational models of reinforcement learning
... action is taken, but are often delayed. The TD model typically does not account for such delays, thus new models have been developed to incorporate larger or variable delays between actions and rewards. One such model was designed to account for the change in activity of a VTA neuron during a delaye ...
... action is taken, but are often delayed. The TD model typically does not account for such delays, thus new models have been developed to incorporate larger or variable delays between actions and rewards. One such model was designed to account for the change in activity of a VTA neuron during a delaye ...
Suzuki and Eichenbaum, 2000
... long-term declarative memories (i.e., memories for facts and events).1 Since that description, the development of animal models of medial temporal lobe amnesia in both monkeys and rats, together with detailed neuroanatomical studies of this region, have helped identify the individual areas important ...
... long-term declarative memories (i.e., memories for facts and events).1 Since that description, the development of animal models of medial temporal lobe amnesia in both monkeys and rats, together with detailed neuroanatomical studies of this region, have helped identify the individual areas important ...
ORGANIZATION OF CORTICAL AFFERENTS TO THE FRONTAL
... known to be precisely and topographically connected with this cortex (65). Since MD afferents were determined, it seems justifiable to distinguish within FAC two principal regions, namely the dorsolateral and medioventral. The dorsolateral FAC region is via the lateral MD segment predominantly relat ...
... known to be precisely and topographically connected with this cortex (65). Since MD afferents were determined, it seems justifiable to distinguish within FAC two principal regions, namely the dorsolateral and medioventral. The dorsolateral FAC region is via the lateral MD segment predominantly relat ...
Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans
... determines a significant increase in activity of the mirror system. In conclusion, these data show that the intentions behind the actions of others can be recognized by the mirror mechanism. This does not exlude, of course, that other more cognitive ways of “reading minds” do exist (21). However, th ...
... determines a significant increase in activity of the mirror system. In conclusion, these data show that the intentions behind the actions of others can be recognized by the mirror mechanism. This does not exlude, of course, that other more cognitive ways of “reading minds” do exist (21). However, th ...
serotonin
... their transduction mechanism, in addition to interactions between different receptor subtypes within a single neuron or region. The implications of this work in understanding the global functions of the 5-HT system are discussed. 5-HT RECEPTOR SUBTYPES: MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ASPECTS Molecular Biolo ...
... their transduction mechanism, in addition to interactions between different receptor subtypes within a single neuron or region. The implications of this work in understanding the global functions of the 5-HT system are discussed. 5-HT RECEPTOR SUBTYPES: MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ASPECTS Molecular Biolo ...
Before and below `theory of mind`: embodied
... social communication mediated by facial gestures. A recent brain-imaging study, in which human participants observed mouth actions performed by humans, monkeys and dogs (Buccino et al. 2004a), corroborates this hypothesis. The observed mouth actions could be either object-directed, like a human, mon ...
... social communication mediated by facial gestures. A recent brain-imaging study, in which human participants observed mouth actions performed by humans, monkeys and dogs (Buccino et al. 2004a), corroborates this hypothesis. The observed mouth actions could be either object-directed, like a human, mon ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
PII: S0006-8993(97) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... has been reported for rats that had undergone neonatal forelimb amputation w10x. In those animals, the expansion of gracile fibers into the cuneate nucleus was extensive, but there was minimal invasion of the forelimb region in cortex by hindlimb inputs. The major difference between forelimb amputat ...
... has been reported for rats that had undergone neonatal forelimb amputation w10x. In those animals, the expansion of gracile fibers into the cuneate nucleus was extensive, but there was minimal invasion of the forelimb region in cortex by hindlimb inputs. The major difference between forelimb amputat ...
Individualism, conservatism, and radicalism as criteria for
... Politics is a manifestation of the uniquely human ability to debate, decide, and reach consensus on decisions affecting large groups over long durations of time. Recent neuroimaging studies on politics have focused on the association between brain regions and specific political behaviors by adopting ...
... Politics is a manifestation of the uniquely human ability to debate, decide, and reach consensus on decisions affecting large groups over long durations of time. Recent neuroimaging studies on politics have focused on the association between brain regions and specific political behaviors by adopting ...
Biology and Behavior
... • The outer layer, or cortex, secretes cortical steroids. • Cortical steroids increase resistance to stress, promote muscle development, and make the liver release stored sugar to provide ...
... • The outer layer, or cortex, secretes cortical steroids. • Cortical steroids increase resistance to stress, promote muscle development, and make the liver release stored sugar to provide ...
1 The Brain and Behavior
... One reason this conclusion eluded investigators for so many years lies in another organizational principle of the nervous system known as parallel distributed processing. As we shall see below, many sensory, motor, and cognitive functions are served by more than one neural pathway. When one function ...
... One reason this conclusion eluded investigators for so many years lies in another organizational principle of the nervous system known as parallel distributed processing. As we shall see below, many sensory, motor, and cognitive functions are served by more than one neural pathway. When one function ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
... most sensory-motor and association zones, and lowest within the primary visual and visual association areas of the occipital lobe. In general, supragranular cortical layers contained a higher density of cholinergic fibers, and most of these were oriented vertically. In Alzheimer's disease, an overal ...
... most sensory-motor and association zones, and lowest within the primary visual and visual association areas of the occipital lobe. In general, supragranular cortical layers contained a higher density of cholinergic fibers, and most of these were oriented vertically. In Alzheimer's disease, an overal ...
Effects of lithium and valproate on amphetamine
... be relevant in the mood-stabilizing effects of lithium and valproate; however, the effects of lithium and valproate on oxidative stress have not been studied in vivo. We recently found that repeated amphetamine exposure increases thiobarbituric acid-reactive species and protein carbonyl formation in ...
... be relevant in the mood-stabilizing effects of lithium and valproate; however, the effects of lithium and valproate on oxidative stress have not been studied in vivo. We recently found that repeated amphetamine exposure increases thiobarbituric acid-reactive species and protein carbonyl formation in ...
Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow
... centrally is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate this using functional neuroimaging. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured at rest using 99mTc-ECD SPECT in 10 healthy male volunteers, randomly divided into two groups of five subjects. Each subject was studied on two o ...
... centrally is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate this using functional neuroimaging. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured at rest using 99mTc-ECD SPECT in 10 healthy male volunteers, randomly divided into two groups of five subjects. Each subject was studied on two o ...
The Nervous System
... Right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and is involved with facial recognition, creativity and imagination, intuition, art and music, and spatial relations. The right hemisphere is “holistic” rather than analytical. Both hemispheres are needed for most tasks Split brain patients can not ...
... Right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and is involved with facial recognition, creativity and imagination, intuition, art and music, and spatial relations. The right hemisphere is “holistic” rather than analytical. Both hemispheres are needed for most tasks Split brain patients can not ...
David Hunter Hubel. 27 February 1926 — 22 September 2013
... into hundreds of thousands of individual messages. Each message conveys information about one tiny part of the visual field, the visual receptive field of the individual neuron. These messages are transmitted by the optic nerve to a nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and from t ...
... into hundreds of thousands of individual messages. Each message conveys information about one tiny part of the visual field, the visual receptive field of the individual neuron. These messages are transmitted by the optic nerve to a nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and from t ...
Auditory cortex
... block the blood flow to the brain area and cause death of neurons. When the stroke impairs the language functions it is called aphasia. Paul Broca discovered aphasia in the region in frontal lobe important for speech production. Carl Wernicke discovered a region in temporal lobe important for speech ...
... block the blood flow to the brain area and cause death of neurons. When the stroke impairs the language functions it is called aphasia. Paul Broca discovered aphasia in the region in frontal lobe important for speech production. Carl Wernicke discovered a region in temporal lobe important for speech ...
Ch. 38 Review Know parts of and function of the central nervous
... Know the difference between neurons and nerves Know how neurons communicate with other neurons Know the types receptors found in the eye Know what organs are used in the senses of hearing and balance Know the different classes of receptors and what they are stimulated by Know the major parts of the ...
... Know the difference between neurons and nerves Know how neurons communicate with other neurons Know the types receptors found in the eye Know what organs are used in the senses of hearing and balance Know the different classes of receptors and what they are stimulated by Know the major parts of the ...
MR Imaging–Detectable Metabolic Alterations in Attention Deficit
... into adulthood (in approximately 30%–50% of cases). In past years, many studies have applied different MR spectroscopy techniques to investigate the pathogenesis and effect of conventional treatments. In this article, we review the most recent clinical and preclinical MR spectroscopy results on subj ...
... into adulthood (in approximately 30%–50% of cases). In past years, many studies have applied different MR spectroscopy techniques to investigate the pathogenesis and effect of conventional treatments. In this article, we review the most recent clinical and preclinical MR spectroscopy results on subj ...