Cloning, Sequencing, and Characterization of Luciola italica
... luciferase gene in order to identify novel bioluminescent materials for study. Amino acid comparisons among firefly species can be used to determine important structure-function similarities and differences among their luciferase enzymes. Amino acids shared between species’ sequences are likely to s ...
... luciferase gene in order to identify novel bioluminescent materials for study. Amino acid comparisons among firefly species can be used to determine important structure-function similarities and differences among their luciferase enzymes. Amino acids shared between species’ sequences are likely to s ...
H. Heldt
... attention has been given to the generation and utilization of transgenic plants. Since there are many excellent textbooks on general biochemistry, I have deliberately omitted dealing with elements such as the structure and function of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides; the function of nucl ...
... attention has been given to the generation and utilization of transgenic plants. Since there are many excellent textbooks on general biochemistry, I have deliberately omitted dealing with elements such as the structure and function of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides; the function of nucl ...
Plant Biochemistry
... attention has been given to the generation and utilization of transgenic plants. Since there are many excellent textbooks on general biochemistry, I have deliberately omitted dealing with elements such as the structure and function of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides; the function of nucl ...
... attention has been given to the generation and utilization of transgenic plants. Since there are many excellent textbooks on general biochemistry, I have deliberately omitted dealing with elements such as the structure and function of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides; the function of nucl ...
Molecular and General Genetics.
... an increase in the proliferation of the root hairs and root system of the host plant. This eect is thought to result from the production of auxin-like compounds, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), by the bacterium, because application of IAA mimics the eect of inoculation with the bacteria (for a ...
... an increase in the proliferation of the root hairs and root system of the host plant. This eect is thought to result from the production of auxin-like compounds, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), by the bacterium, because application of IAA mimics the eect of inoculation with the bacteria (for a ...
Cellular and molecular regulation of cardiac glucose transport
... However, the amount of GLUT1 expressed in the heart is regulated by stress,7 and GLUT1 is also present and recruitable from intracellular membrane storage pools.8,9 The GLUT2 transporter is present in the liver, kidney, pancreas, and intestine.10 GLUT3 is present in neuronal tissues but has also bee ...
... However, the amount of GLUT1 expressed in the heart is regulated by stress,7 and GLUT1 is also present and recruitable from intracellular membrane storage pools.8,9 The GLUT2 transporter is present in the liver, kidney, pancreas, and intestine.10 GLUT3 is present in neuronal tissues but has also bee ...
02_whole - Massey Research Online
... restriction sites are unique to each individual MD-AeO sequence. Genomic Southern analysis, using probes spanning the 3 '-UTR and the 3 '-end of the coding region confirmed that MD A e03 is encoded by a distinct gene. However, while the distinction between MD-A eO] and MD-A e02 is not as definitive ...
... restriction sites are unique to each individual MD-AeO sequence. Genomic Southern analysis, using probes spanning the 3 '-UTR and the 3 '-end of the coding region confirmed that MD A e03 is encoded by a distinct gene. However, while the distinction between MD-A eO] and MD-A e02 is not as definitive ...
Design considerations for highly specific and efficient
... Off-target analysis should include gaps ...
... Off-target analysis should include gaps ...
ribosomal defects in a mutant deficient in the yajl homolog of the
... using the corresponding Megazyme assay kits for acetic acid, lactic acid, ethanol, acetic acid and formic acid, following instructions of the manufacturer (Megazyme International Ireland Limited). The results are the mean values of three experiments. DNA microarray measurements. The yajL mutant and ...
... using the corresponding Megazyme assay kits for acetic acid, lactic acid, ethanol, acetic acid and formic acid, following instructions of the manufacturer (Megazyme International Ireland Limited). The results are the mean values of three experiments. DNA microarray measurements. The yajL mutant and ...
The C-terminal domain of the Rhizobium leguminosarum
... NodC, including the region showing most similarity to other b-glycosyl transferases, is exposed to the cytoplasm, where it is likely that polymerization of N-acetyl glucoasamine occurs. Such a model is incompatible with previous reports suggesting that NodC spans both inner and outer membranes. ...
... NodC, including the region showing most similarity to other b-glycosyl transferases, is exposed to the cytoplasm, where it is likely that polymerization of N-acetyl glucoasamine occurs. Such a model is incompatible with previous reports suggesting that NodC spans both inner and outer membranes. ...
(LPT1) and humans (LPCAT3)
... the human MBOAT5, a protein with unknown function. Cell lysates from insect cells expressing human MBOAT5 (renamed as LPCAT3) showed a 10 fold increase in LPCAT activity over control. In summary, the identification of a novel LPLAT in yeast has proved to be the founding member of LPLAT family in hum ...
... the human MBOAT5, a protein with unknown function. Cell lysates from insect cells expressing human MBOAT5 (renamed as LPCAT3) showed a 10 fold increase in LPCAT activity over control. In summary, the identification of a novel LPLAT in yeast has proved to be the founding member of LPLAT family in hum ...
Terpene Biosynthesis
... deacylation of HMG-CoA to mevalonate (MVA) 3 via mevaldate 2 and employs two equivalents of NADPH as reductant Scheme 1. This enzyme activity provides an important control mechanism for the flow of metabolites into mevalonate and, especially, into steroid biosynthesis and its study continues to stimu ...
... deacylation of HMG-CoA to mevalonate (MVA) 3 via mevaldate 2 and employs two equivalents of NADPH as reductant Scheme 1. This enzyme activity provides an important control mechanism for the flow of metabolites into mevalonate and, especially, into steroid biosynthesis and its study continues to stimu ...
Engineering of Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism in
... manufactured worldwide are applied in human food production (Fig. 2). The amino acids with the largest market volumes are glutamic acid, lysine and methionine (64) (Table 1). The microbial production of amino acids dates back to 1957, when a group of scientists isolated a soil bacterium (a Corynebac ...
... manufactured worldwide are applied in human food production (Fig. 2). The amino acids with the largest market volumes are glutamic acid, lysine and methionine (64) (Table 1). The microbial production of amino acids dates back to 1957, when a group of scientists isolated a soil bacterium (a Corynebac ...
How Optimized Is the Translational Machinery in
... We have now reached a specific and intuitively appealing prediction, that codon-usage bias should be more extreme than the bias in tRNA content. If p j is larger than 1/n, then Q j should be larger than p j ; if p j is smaller than 1/n, then Q j should be smaller than p j . If this is not the case, ...
... We have now reached a specific and intuitively appealing prediction, that codon-usage bias should be more extreme than the bias in tRNA content. If p j is larger than 1/n, then Q j should be larger than p j ; if p j is smaller than 1/n, then Q j should be smaller than p j . If this is not the case, ...
Characterization of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene
... these four genes were identified during sequencing projects only by sequence similarity and can therefore not be considered as being functionally analyzed. The present study describes for the first time the genetic and functional characterization of a GTP-dependent PEP carboxykinase from a prokaryot ...
... these four genes were identified during sequencing projects only by sequence similarity and can therefore not be considered as being functionally analyzed. The present study describes for the first time the genetic and functional characterization of a GTP-dependent PEP carboxykinase from a prokaryot ...
Research in Microbiology
... Sporulation histidine kinases, which sense sporulation-specific signals and initiate phosphorelay reactions, are poorly conserved among Bacillus species. We found several putative genes for sporulation histidine kinases in the genome sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 and assayed the genes for ...
... Sporulation histidine kinases, which sense sporulation-specific signals and initiate phosphorelay reactions, are poorly conserved among Bacillus species. We found several putative genes for sporulation histidine kinases in the genome sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 and assayed the genes for ...
Regulation of Cytochrome bd Expression in Mycobacterium
... appearance of about 0.3 - 0.5 µm in diameter and of variable length. The cell wall in Mycobacteria is characteristic because it is thicker than in many other bacteria and contains mycolic acid. Other Actinobacteria such as Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus and Nocardia have related properties. There are ...
... appearance of about 0.3 - 0.5 µm in diameter and of variable length. The cell wall in Mycobacteria is characteristic because it is thicker than in many other bacteria and contains mycolic acid. Other Actinobacteria such as Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus and Nocardia have related properties. There are ...
Bio 1305--Modern Concepts of Bioscience
... 4. Describe the nature of a ligand-receptor interaction and state how such interactions initiate a signal-transduction system. 5. State where signal receptors may be located in target cells. 6. Compare and contrast G-protein-linked receptors, tyrosine-kinase receptors, and ligand-gated ion channels. ...
... 4. Describe the nature of a ligand-receptor interaction and state how such interactions initiate a signal-transduction system. 5. State where signal receptors may be located in target cells. 6. Compare and contrast G-protein-linked receptors, tyrosine-kinase receptors, and ligand-gated ion channels. ...
tubulin - Journal of Cell Science
... the rest. The consensus sequence GxxNxD is changed to YxxN-P. We expect this divergence to be significant for the function of δ-tubulin, since the consensus GxxNxD is conserved between all other tubulins and FtsZ. Conservation of this region between tubulins and FtsZs led to the proposition that lon ...
... the rest. The consensus sequence GxxNxD is changed to YxxN-P. We expect this divergence to be significant for the function of δ-tubulin, since the consensus GxxNxD is conserved between all other tubulins and FtsZ. Conservation of this region between tubulins and FtsZs led to the proposition that lon ...
- VU Research Repository
... One of the major yeast stressors during fermentation is ethanol accumulation. Ethanol stress is associated with reduced cell growth and viability, consequently lowering yeast productivity. Although the underlying causes of ethanol inhibition of cells are yet to be identified, it has been discovered ...
... One of the major yeast stressors during fermentation is ethanol accumulation. Ethanol stress is associated with reduced cell growth and viability, consequently lowering yeast productivity. Although the underlying causes of ethanol inhibition of cells are yet to be identified, it has been discovered ...
Gene Section FST (follistatin) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... follistatin, but harbors only two instead of three follistatin modules (Tortoriello et al., 2001). With respect to activin binding ability, functional homology among follistatin domain-containing proteins is only found between follistatin and FSTL3, whereas all other follistatin family proteins have ...
... follistatin, but harbors only two instead of three follistatin modules (Tortoriello et al., 2001). With respect to activin binding ability, functional homology among follistatin domain-containing proteins is only found between follistatin and FSTL3, whereas all other follistatin family proteins have ...
Characterization of cytochrome P450
... involvement of CYPs in secondary metabolism, 20 partial sequences were amplified from the cDNA of trichome enriched tissue of Artemisia annua. Seven CYPs were converted to full length and assigned to different families based on sequence homology. These were co-expressed with CPR in Saccharomyces cere ...
... involvement of CYPs in secondary metabolism, 20 partial sequences were amplified from the cDNA of trichome enriched tissue of Artemisia annua. Seven CYPs were converted to full length and assigned to different families based on sequence homology. These were co-expressed with CPR in Saccharomyces cere ...
Pollen Exine Pattern Formation is Dependent on Three Major
... Classical ultrastructural studies have revealed that the architectural structure of the pollen wall is composed of a series of concentric outer layers, although its shape, size and morphology are highly diverged among plant species. These layers are known as the exine, which is formed around the mic ...
... Classical ultrastructural studies have revealed that the architectural structure of the pollen wall is composed of a series of concentric outer layers, although its shape, size and morphology are highly diverged among plant species. These layers are known as the exine, which is formed around the mic ...
Abiotic stress in plants: Late Embryogenesis Abundant proteins Imen Amara
... application. Various stress signals and ABA share common elements in their signaling pathways, with common elements that cross talk with each other in order to maintain cellular homeostasis, (Cramer et al. 2011; Wasilewska et al. 2008). Drought, salt and cold stress produce extensive changes in the ...
... application. Various stress signals and ABA share common elements in their signaling pathways, with common elements that cross talk with each other in order to maintain cellular homeostasis, (Cramer et al. 2011; Wasilewska et al. 2008). Drought, salt and cold stress produce extensive changes in the ...
29 Pathways of Sugar Metabolism: Pentose
... seminal fluid. Spermatozoa use fructose as a major fuel source while in the seminal fluid and then switch to glucose once in the female reproductive tract. Utilization of fructose is thought to prevent acrosomal breakdown of the plasma membrane (and consequent activation) while the spermatozoa are s ...
... seminal fluid. Spermatozoa use fructose as a major fuel source while in the seminal fluid and then switch to glucose once in the female reproductive tract. Utilization of fructose is thought to prevent acrosomal breakdown of the plasma membrane (and consequent activation) while the spermatozoa are s ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.