Cloning and Polymorphisms of Yak Lactate Dehydrogenase b Gene
... LDH activity in heart and skeletal muscles has been reported in pikas from high altitudes when compared to pikas from low altitudes, which helps the pikas in high altitudes to improve anaerobic activity and to enhance lactate removal in muscles [4], since high LDH activity can catalyze more pyruvate ...
... LDH activity in heart and skeletal muscles has been reported in pikas from high altitudes when compared to pikas from low altitudes, which helps the pikas in high altitudes to improve anaerobic activity and to enhance lactate removal in muscles [4], since high LDH activity can catalyze more pyruvate ...
Role of adiponectin in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid
... decrease adiponectin gene transcription (16 - 18). Recently, a functional PPARresponsive element (PPRE) in the promoter region of the human adiponectin gene has ...
... decrease adiponectin gene transcription (16 - 18). Recently, a functional PPARresponsive element (PPRE) in the promoter region of the human adiponectin gene has ...
AraC Protein, Regulation of the L-arabinose Operon in Escherichia
... the cell, and the concentration of arabinose there depends not only on the extracellular arabinose concentration but also on the rates of arabinose uptake and catabolism. Furthermore, these two rates depend on the level of expression of the proteins that are controlled by AraC. Consequently, the sys ...
... the cell, and the concentration of arabinose there depends not only on the extracellular arabinose concentration but also on the rates of arabinose uptake and catabolism. Furthermore, these two rates depend on the level of expression of the proteins that are controlled by AraC. Consequently, the sys ...
SUC1 and SUC2: two sucrose transporters from Arabidopsis
... postulated that their present structure with 12 transmembrane segments might have evolved, by gene duplication and fusion of an ancestral transporter gene which only had six transmembrane helices (Griffith et aL, 1992; Maiden et aL, 1987; Sauer and Tanner, 1993). This is confirmed by several strikin ...
... postulated that their present structure with 12 transmembrane segments might have evolved, by gene duplication and fusion of an ancestral transporter gene which only had six transmembrane helices (Griffith et aL, 1992; Maiden et aL, 1987; Sauer and Tanner, 1993). This is confirmed by several strikin ...
Multiple RNA regulatory elements mediate distinct
... Pattern formation in the early development of many organisms relies on localized cytoplasmic proteins, which can be prelocalized as mRNAs. The Drosophila oskar gene, required both for posterior body patterning and germ cell determination, encodes one such mRNA. Localization of oskar mRNA is an elabo ...
... Pattern formation in the early development of many organisms relies on localized cytoplasmic proteins, which can be prelocalized as mRNAs. The Drosophila oskar gene, required both for posterior body patterning and germ cell determination, encodes one such mRNA. Localization of oskar mRNA is an elabo ...
Short-Term Overexpression of a Constitutively Active Form of AMP
... have led to the identification of AMPK as a major pharmacological target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The antidiabetic agents metformin and thiazolidinediones (5,6) activate AMPK, providing support for the targeting of AMPK in drug development. Studies in animal models of type 2 diabete ...
... have led to the identification of AMPK as a major pharmacological target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The antidiabetic agents metformin and thiazolidinediones (5,6) activate AMPK, providing support for the targeting of AMPK in drug development. Studies in animal models of type 2 diabete ...
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in
... acid, to small volume fermentation product of several pharmaceuticals, like human insulin [3, 4]. With the requirements for sustainable solutions to provide fuels, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, now there is increasing focus on cell factories, as they may serve as one of the pillars underlying a sus ...
... acid, to small volume fermentation product of several pharmaceuticals, like human insulin [3, 4]. With the requirements for sustainable solutions to provide fuels, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, now there is increasing focus on cell factories, as they may serve as one of the pillars underlying a sus ...
THE MULTIFARIOUS AND DYNAMIC REGULATION OF THE LIVING CELL Karen van Eunen
... organisms such that it may harm the organism. In order to survive, the organism should have the ability to rapidly adjust its physiology to the new conditions [110]. For instance, mammals can adapt their physiology such that a constant body temperature is maintained even when the ambient temperature ...
... organisms such that it may harm the organism. In order to survive, the organism should have the ability to rapidly adjust its physiology to the new conditions [110]. For instance, mammals can adapt their physiology such that a constant body temperature is maintained even when the ambient temperature ...
Cardiac troponin I gene knockout - University of Wisconsin–Madison
... direction of normal active muscle contraction. The nature of this force is currently unclear, but EM images showed changes in mitochondria including a 4769% (P,0.01) increase in numbers and a trend toward larger individual mitochondria. These observations are consistent with an increase in O2/ATP co ...
... direction of normal active muscle contraction. The nature of this force is currently unclear, but EM images showed changes in mitochondria including a 4769% (P,0.01) increase in numbers and a trend toward larger individual mitochondria. These observations are consistent with an increase in O2/ATP co ...
SensiFAST™ Two-Step Real-Time RT-PCR
... • Sensitive: real-time RT-PCR analysis from as little as 1pg of starting total RNA • Unbiased cDNA synthesis: complete 5’ to 3’ ...
... • Sensitive: real-time RT-PCR analysis from as little as 1pg of starting total RNA • Unbiased cDNA synthesis: complete 5’ to 3’ ...
In Silico Prediction of the Peroxisomal Proteome in Fungi, Plants
... The score of a certain protein is produced by processing its representation through the SVM and is in the interval [2 1,1]. It was found that 2 0.15 is a suitable cutoff. A protein was predicted to be peroxisomal if at least one of its NN or SVM scores was above the corresponding cutoff (i.e. we use ...
... The score of a certain protein is produced by processing its representation through the SVM and is in the interval [2 1,1]. It was found that 2 0.15 is a suitable cutoff. A protein was predicted to be peroxisomal if at least one of its NN or SVM scores was above the corresponding cutoff (i.e. we use ...
High Resolution Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Proteins*
... detected and quantified by autoradiography. The reproducibility of the separation is sufficient to permit each spot on surface of the gel. Isoelectric focusing and a discontinuous SDS’ gel system (1) were chosen because of the high resolution of each one separation to be matched with a spot on a dif ...
... detected and quantified by autoradiography. The reproducibility of the separation is sufficient to permit each spot on surface of the gel. Isoelectric focusing and a discontinuous SDS’ gel system (1) were chosen because of the high resolution of each one separation to be matched with a spot on a dif ...
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
... For quantification of IAA intermediates produced by P. polymyxa E681, indolic compounds in the bacterial supernatant were assayed. Thus, the bacterium was precultured for 20 h in DM medium, and then a 400-µl aliquot was transferred into 100 ml of fresh DM medium supplemented with Trp, obtaining 105 ...
... For quantification of IAA intermediates produced by P. polymyxa E681, indolic compounds in the bacterial supernatant were assayed. Thus, the bacterium was precultured for 20 h in DM medium, and then a 400-µl aliquot was transferred into 100 ml of fresh DM medium supplemented with Trp, obtaining 105 ...
Molecular evolutionary analysis of the American pika
... allele can either represent a new mutation or an old variant existing at a low frequency. Under either circumstance, an environmental change (e.g. unpredictable change in climate or evolution of competitors) increases the selective advantage of a particular allele, thereby increasing its probability ...
... allele can either represent a new mutation or an old variant existing at a low frequency. Under either circumstance, an environmental change (e.g. unpredictable change in climate or evolution of competitors) increases the selective advantage of a particular allele, thereby increasing its probability ...
1 - University of Pennsylvania
... • Collaboration with Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelpia • PubMed abstracts – mining cancer literature for associations that link variations in genes with malignancies • http://bioie.ldc.upenn.edu - release 0.9 available 1157 abstracts entity annotated, 318 also treebanked ...
... • Collaboration with Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelpia • PubMed abstracts – mining cancer literature for associations that link variations in genes with malignancies • http://bioie.ldc.upenn.edu - release 0.9 available 1157 abstracts entity annotated, 318 also treebanked ...
Glycolic acid production in the engineered yeasts Saccharomyces
... carbon sources under normal bioprocessing conditions would be desirable. A less explored route is the glyoxylate cycle where C2 compounds such as ethanol are naturally converted into glyoxylate, which can further be converted into glycolic acid by metabolic engineering. Although the main function of ...
... carbon sources under normal bioprocessing conditions would be desirable. A less explored route is the glyoxylate cycle where C2 compounds such as ethanol are naturally converted into glyoxylate, which can further be converted into glycolic acid by metabolic engineering. Although the main function of ...
Patent constraints
... polypeptides in plants" which also includes continuations called "Yield related genes in plants", "environmental stress tolerance genes", etc all claiming priority to a series of 1998 "bulk sequence applications". While these 1998 applications themselves are not published, it can be inferred from th ...
... polypeptides in plants" which also includes continuations called "Yield related genes in plants", "environmental stress tolerance genes", etc all claiming priority to a series of 1998 "bulk sequence applications". While these 1998 applications themselves are not published, it can be inferred from th ...
PDF - Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee
... The Genetics Society of America is accepting manuscripts for G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics, a new peer-reviewed, peer-edited, fully open access journal (inaugural issue to be published in June 2011). Why G3? To publish the puzzling as well as the novel finding, with an emphasis on experimental design r ...
... The Genetics Society of America is accepting manuscripts for G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics, a new peer-reviewed, peer-edited, fully open access journal (inaugural issue to be published in June 2011). Why G3? To publish the puzzling as well as the novel finding, with an emphasis on experimental design r ...
The role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the coordination of
... The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serinethreonine kinase highly conserved through evolution. AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex composed of a catalytic subunit (AMPK-␣) and two regulatory subunits (AMPK- and AMPK-␥) (Fig. 1). In humans, AMPK subunits are encoded by seven genes (␣1, ␣2; 1, ...
... The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serinethreonine kinase highly conserved through evolution. AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex composed of a catalytic subunit (AMPK-␣) and two regulatory subunits (AMPK- and AMPK-␥) (Fig. 1). In humans, AMPK subunits are encoded by seven genes (␣1, ␣2; 1, ...
Rab Proteins and the Organization of Organelle Membrane Domains
... transport protein particle (TRAPP), conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG), dependence on SLY1–20 (Dsl1) and Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complexes at the Golgi complex, Exocyst at the plasma membrane, and the “class C core vacuole/endosome tethering” (CORVET) and “homotypic fusion and prote ...
... transport protein particle (TRAPP), conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG), dependence on SLY1–20 (Dsl1) and Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complexes at the Golgi complex, Exocyst at the plasma membrane, and the “class C core vacuole/endosome tethering” (CORVET) and “homotypic fusion and prote ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... ing on the type of study undertaken, a marker system can be identified that would fulfill at least a few of these criteria. 5.1. Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) RFLPs are simply inherited naturally and are Mendelian characters. They have their origin in the DNA rearrangements that occ ...
... ing on the type of study undertaken, a marker system can be identified that would fulfill at least a few of these criteria. 5.1. Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) RFLPs are simply inherited naturally and are Mendelian characters. They have their origin in the DNA rearrangements that occ ...
2007-05_GO-OBO-intro_JL
... • A gene product may have several functions; a function term refers to a single reaction or activity, not a gene product. • Sets of functions make up a biological process. ...
... • A gene product may have several functions; a function term refers to a single reaction or activity, not a gene product. • Sets of functions make up a biological process. ...
SPLIT RNA Extraction Kit: Pure Fractions for Demanding Applications
... extracted RNA. Other methods designed to control gDNA contamination mostly rely on enzymatic removal, whereby the application itself (especially on-column DNase digestion) or the enzyme inactivation (e.g., by heat denaturation) can severely compromise RNA integrity. Similarly, size-filtration based ...
... extracted RNA. Other methods designed to control gDNA contamination mostly rely on enzymatic removal, whereby the application itself (especially on-column DNase digestion) or the enzyme inactivation (e.g., by heat denaturation) can severely compromise RNA integrity. Similarly, size-filtration based ...
MUC1 in the kidney - University of Pittsburgh
... MUC1 in the kidney: Apical expression on all polarized epithelia during development Found in the DCT and CD in adult kidneys Found in the PT during development and after injury Autocatalytic cleavage within SEA module ...
... MUC1 in the kidney: Apical expression on all polarized epithelia during development Found in the DCT and CD in adult kidneys Found in the PT during development and after injury Autocatalytic cleavage within SEA module ...
Unveiling the physiological and molecular basis of Mycobacterium
... M. tuberculosis infections in humans have similarities to microbial biofilms, displaying antibiotic resistance, asymptomatic latency and a persistence phenotype associated to a dormant and non-replicating state of infecting microorganisms that enables evasion from the host’s immune system. The clini ...
... M. tuberculosis infections in humans have similarities to microbial biofilms, displaying antibiotic resistance, asymptomatic latency and a persistence phenotype associated to a dormant and non-replicating state of infecting microorganisms that enables evasion from the host’s immune system. The clini ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.