Elucidating Flux Regulation of the Fermentation Modes of
... Beside the exceptional industrial relevance of L. lactis, it is also an important subject for basic research in cellular metabolism because L. lactis exhibits an interesting metabolic shift. Under anaerobic conditions, on fast fermentable sugars, L. lactis produces lactate as the primary product, kn ...
... Beside the exceptional industrial relevance of L. lactis, it is also an important subject for basic research in cellular metabolism because L. lactis exhibits an interesting metabolic shift. Under anaerobic conditions, on fast fermentable sugars, L. lactis produces lactate as the primary product, kn ...
Understanding the Regulation of Metabolic Enzyme Acetylation in E
... rarely on K180, and 5) some of these acetylations are sensitive to the presence of the sirtuin KDAC CobB and some are not (Hu et al., in preparation). These findings suggest the possibility that acetylation of K180 may not affect transcription at the rprA promoter and suggest a novel role for acetyl ...
... rarely on K180, and 5) some of these acetylations are sensitive to the presence of the sirtuin KDAC CobB and some are not (Hu et al., in preparation). These findings suggest the possibility that acetylation of K180 may not affect transcription at the rprA promoter and suggest a novel role for acetyl ...
The Bacterial Toxin RelE Displays Codon
... stable RNAs (reviewed by Cashel et al., 1996). Then, however, the concentration of ppGpp drops to its basal level and synthesis of stable RNA resumes in a relaxed response, delayed about 10 min in relation to the downshift (Lavallé et al., 1976). The relBE gene pair in E. coli has the regulatory co ...
... stable RNAs (reviewed by Cashel et al., 1996). Then, however, the concentration of ppGpp drops to its basal level and synthesis of stable RNA resumes in a relaxed response, delayed about 10 min in relation to the downshift (Lavallé et al., 1976). The relBE gene pair in E. coli has the regulatory co ...
Databases - HSLS - University of Pittsburgh
... A protein domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of several structural doma ...
... A protein domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of several structural doma ...
Anaerobic Respiration Using a Complete Oxidative TCA Cycle
... of the microscope. A bacterium can swim through a fluid environment or coordinate motion with a group of bacteria and swarm across a surface. The flagellar motor, which propels the bacterium, is fueled by proton motive force. In contrast to the physiology that governs swimming motility, much less is ...
... of the microscope. A bacterium can swim through a fluid environment or coordinate motion with a group of bacteria and swarm across a surface. The flagellar motor, which propels the bacterium, is fueled by proton motive force. In contrast to the physiology that governs swimming motility, much less is ...
Systematic metabolic analysis of recombinant Pichia pastoris UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA
... Chapter 5, the redox and energy stoichiometry of P. pastoris was validated showing increasing energy requirements as the oxygen availability became shortage. In addition, a network-embedded thermodynamic analysis of the quantitative intracellular metabolites pools was performed. From the analysis, ...
... Chapter 5, the redox and energy stoichiometry of P. pastoris was validated showing increasing energy requirements as the oxygen availability became shortage. In addition, a network-embedded thermodynamic analysis of the quantitative intracellular metabolites pools was performed. From the analysis, ...
Glutamine and the bowel
... the systemic flux of glutamine. → intestinal glutamine metabolism: 1. Contribute a nutritionally important portion of intestinal energy generation. 2. As precursor:synthesis of ornithine, cotrulline, proline and arginine. ...
... the systemic flux of glutamine. → intestinal glutamine metabolism: 1. Contribute a nutritionally important portion of intestinal energy generation. 2. As precursor:synthesis of ornithine, cotrulline, proline and arginine. ...
Calreticulin, a multi-process calcium
... (PDB code 1JHN) [6]. Calreticulin contains a globular N-domain (in blue) and central proline-rich P-domain (in red) which forms a characteristic loop. The N- and P-domains of calreticulin are responsible for the chaperone function of the protein. The C-terminal C-domain contains a large number of ne ...
... (PDB code 1JHN) [6]. Calreticulin contains a globular N-domain (in blue) and central proline-rich P-domain (in red) which forms a characteristic loop. The N- and P-domains of calreticulin are responsible for the chaperone function of the protein. The C-terminal C-domain contains a large number of ne ...
UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI CODON USAGE ADAPTATION IN PROKARYOTIC GENOMES
... "genome hypothesis", postulating that genes in any given bacterial genome show a very similar pattern of choices among synonymous codons. In E. coli, S. cerevisiae and other model organisms (2), ribosomal-protein genes and other highly expressed genes were found to have a pronounced codon usage bias ...
... "genome hypothesis", postulating that genes in any given bacterial genome show a very similar pattern of choices among synonymous codons. In E. coli, S. cerevisiae and other model organisms (2), ribosomal-protein genes and other highly expressed genes were found to have a pronounced codon usage bias ...
A study on the efficient production of lactic acid with metabolically
... Plant- and crop-based renewable plastics, bio plastics, are being paid attention as environmentally friendly plastics that do not need petroleum as a raw material. A typical plant-based renewable plastic is a polymer material made from a biomass resource, such as starch (corn, sugar cane, rice, whea ...
... Plant- and crop-based renewable plastics, bio plastics, are being paid attention as environmentally friendly plastics that do not need petroleum as a raw material. A typical plant-based renewable plastic is a polymer material made from a biomass resource, such as starch (corn, sugar cane, rice, whea ...
Emerging role of Nrf2 - Discovery
... survival under conditions of stress by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes as well as proteins that assist in the repair or removal of damaged macromolecules. Nrf2 has a crucial role in the ...
... survival under conditions of stress by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes as well as proteins that assist in the repair or removal of damaged macromolecules. Nrf2 has a crucial role in the ...
inclusion of a glycogen regulation mathematical model into a
... A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Mathematics. ...
... A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Mathematics. ...
GENETICS DEFINITION
... Another attribute of additive genes are that they are affected by environmental influences whereas nonadditive genes are affected very little by environment. This makes it difficult to tell the genotypes from the phenotypes because a contributing gene homozygote in a poor environment might be co ...
... Another attribute of additive genes are that they are affected by environmental influences whereas nonadditive genes are affected very little by environment. This makes it difficult to tell the genotypes from the phenotypes because a contributing gene homozygote in a poor environment might be co ...
Acetate formation in the photoheterotrophic bacterium Chloroflexus
... Glucose degradation to pyruvate has been proposed to involve the classical EM pathway, as concluded from enzyme measurements and genome information (Kondratieva et al., 1992; Tang et al., 2011). However, the enzymes involved in acetate formation have not been analyzed. Here we report that in cell ex ...
... Glucose degradation to pyruvate has been proposed to involve the classical EM pathway, as concluded from enzyme measurements and genome information (Kondratieva et al., 1992; Tang et al., 2011). However, the enzymes involved in acetate formation have not been analyzed. Here we report that in cell ex ...
Systems Biotechnology of Pseudomonas putida for the enhanced
... and their influence on PHA synthesis in P. putida KT2442, chemostat cultures were employed to perform well-controlled nutrient limitations. Strict nitrogen-limiting condition reached the highest PHA productivity in standard continuous cultivation ever reported. To gain insight into the PHA machinery ...
... and their influence on PHA synthesis in P. putida KT2442, chemostat cultures were employed to perform well-controlled nutrient limitations. Strict nitrogen-limiting condition reached the highest PHA productivity in standard continuous cultivation ever reported. To gain insight into the PHA machinery ...
Analysis of the genetic potential of the spongederived fungus
... lab and for introducing me into the puzzling world of polyketides. I am grateful for all suggestions that I got from him during the practical work in the lab, as well as for the writing of my thesis. Moreover, I want to thank him for his trust and unique experience in building up a laboratory togeth ...
... lab and for introducing me into the puzzling world of polyketides. I am grateful for all suggestions that I got from him during the practical work in the lab, as well as for the writing of my thesis. Moreover, I want to thank him for his trust and unique experience in building up a laboratory togeth ...
Bioretrosynthetic Construction of a Non
... Dissertation Committee members of Dr. Richard Armstrong, Dr. Tina Iverson, Dr. Lawrence Marnett and Dr. Carmello Rizzo for their valued discussions and for offering their time and energy in assisting my training as a graduate student. I would additionally like to thank Dr. Iverson and her graduate s ...
... Dissertation Committee members of Dr. Richard Armstrong, Dr. Tina Iverson, Dr. Lawrence Marnett and Dr. Carmello Rizzo for their valued discussions and for offering their time and energy in assisting my training as a graduate student. I would additionally like to thank Dr. Iverson and her graduate s ...
Genome-wide Investigation of Cellular Functions for tRNA Nucleus
... In eukaryotic cells tRNAs are transcribed in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm for their essential role in protein synthesis. This export event was thought to be unidirectional. Surprisingly, several lines of evidence showed that mature cytoplasmic tRNAs shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm ...
... In eukaryotic cells tRNAs are transcribed in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm for their essential role in protein synthesis. This export event was thought to be unidirectional. Surprisingly, several lines of evidence showed that mature cytoplasmic tRNAs shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm ...
Biotechnology CTY Course Syllabus Introduction
... Like all CTY science experiences, this inquiry-driven course is designed to develop your critical thinking and analytical reasoning skills in the specific context of Biotechnology and its 21st century applications. In order to maintain fidelity to CTY general objectives, we will explore a plethora o ...
... Like all CTY science experiences, this inquiry-driven course is designed to develop your critical thinking and analytical reasoning skills in the specific context of Biotechnology and its 21st century applications. In order to maintain fidelity to CTY general objectives, we will explore a plethora o ...
- Wiley Online Library
... which is provided by nitrate reduction or by ammonia oxidation in biological habitats (Fig. 1). Reduction of nitrite can be regarded as an assimilatory, respiratory or dissimilatory process [1]. Assimilatory nitrite reduction serves in the production of ammonia which is incorporated into cell materi ...
... which is provided by nitrate reduction or by ammonia oxidation in biological habitats (Fig. 1). Reduction of nitrite can be regarded as an assimilatory, respiratory or dissimilatory process [1]. Assimilatory nitrite reduction serves in the production of ammonia which is incorporated into cell materi ...
Hormone sensitive lipase: structure, function and
... The use of energy stores is, to meet the continuously changing demand for energy, tightly regulated depending mainly on neural and hormonal signals. During activity energy sources are modulated to ensure the availability of the appropriate form of energy. For instance, during long endurances, the so ...
... The use of energy stores is, to meet the continuously changing demand for energy, tightly regulated depending mainly on neural and hormonal signals. During activity energy sources are modulated to ensure the availability of the appropriate form of energy. For instance, during long endurances, the so ...
Variation in Lignin Content and Composition
... under varying conditions of environmental stress. There is no example for which the entire pathway of lignin biosynthesis has been characterized biochemically and genetically in a single tissue or a single species. Given the high degree of lignin heterogeneity among species and even within a plant, ...
... under varying conditions of environmental stress. There is no example for which the entire pathway of lignin biosynthesis has been characterized biochemically and genetically in a single tissue or a single species. Given the high degree of lignin heterogeneity among species and even within a plant, ...
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae– the main
... (wine and cider fermentations) and Saccharomyces pastorianus (EC Hansen), which is responsible for lager beer fermentation (Rainieri et al., 2006). Saccharomyces pastorianus (syn Saccharomyces carlsbergensis) also contains hybrid strains including lager-brewing strains, which are thought to originat ...
... (wine and cider fermentations) and Saccharomyces pastorianus (EC Hansen), which is responsible for lager beer fermentation (Rainieri et al., 2006). Saccharomyces pastorianus (syn Saccharomyces carlsbergensis) also contains hybrid strains including lager-brewing strains, which are thought to originat ...
Identification and characterization of novel interaction
... In Gram-positiven Bakterien mit niedrigem GC-Gehalt, wie Bacillus subtilis, wird KohlenstoffKatabolitenregulation überwiegend vom Katabolit Kontroll Protein A (CcpA), einem globalen Transkriptionsregulator, vermittelt. CcpA reprimiert oder aktiviert die Expression von hunderten von ...
... In Gram-positiven Bakterien mit niedrigem GC-Gehalt, wie Bacillus subtilis, wird KohlenstoffKatabolitenregulation überwiegend vom Katabolit Kontroll Protein A (CcpA), einem globalen Transkriptionsregulator, vermittelt. CcpA reprimiert oder aktiviert die Expression von hunderten von ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.