Chapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry
... How to Name a Compound 1. Find the longest chain in the molecule. 2. Number the chain from the end nearest the first substituent encountered. 3. List the substituents as a prefix along with the number(s) of the carbon(s) to which they are attached. Organic and Biological Chemistry ...
... How to Name a Compound 1. Find the longest chain in the molecule. 2. Number the chain from the end nearest the first substituent encountered. 3. List the substituents as a prefix along with the number(s) of the carbon(s) to which they are attached. Organic and Biological Chemistry ...
Carbonyls
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Organic Chemistry Naming Branched Hydrocarbons
... CH3CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH-CH-CH-CH2 –CH3 CH-CH3 CH3 Alkyl groups: 3 methyl groups and 1 ethyl group Alphabetically: ethyl comes before methyl so…. ethyl methyloctane Adding prefixes: none for ethyl, but tri-for the methyl groups so… ethyl trimethyloctane ...
... CH3CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH-CH-CH-CH2 –CH3 CH-CH3 CH3 Alkyl groups: 3 methyl groups and 1 ethyl group Alphabetically: ethyl comes before methyl so…. ethyl methyloctane Adding prefixes: none for ethyl, but tri-for the methyl groups so… ethyl trimethyloctane ...
Organic Chemistry - Madison Public Schools
... • Only van der Waals force: London force. • Boiling point increases with length of chain. ...
... • Only van der Waals force: London force. • Boiling point increases with length of chain. ...
Classes and Nomenclature of Halogen Compounds
... Reactions of Halogen Compounds C) Formation of organometallic compounds. Most organic chlorides, bromides, and iodides react with certain metals to give organometallic compounds, molecules with carbon-metal bonds. Grignard reagents are obtained by the reaction of alkyl or aryl halides with meta ...
... Reactions of Halogen Compounds C) Formation of organometallic compounds. Most organic chlorides, bromides, and iodides react with certain metals to give organometallic compounds, molecules with carbon-metal bonds. Grignard reagents are obtained by the reaction of alkyl or aryl halides with meta ...
Hydrocarbon Derivatives - AHS-SCH4U
... chemical properties of compounds • We also classify compounds based on these groups • We will now explore six groups of hydrocarbon derivatives ...
... chemical properties of compounds • We also classify compounds based on these groups • We will now explore six groups of hydrocarbon derivatives ...
functional group
... Functional Groups and Priorities Nomenclature assembles names like trees: start with a parent structure (e.g., an alkane), then add prefixes and a functional group (FG) suffix. ...
... Functional Groups and Priorities Nomenclature assembles names like trees: start with a parent structure (e.g., an alkane), then add prefixes and a functional group (FG) suffix. ...
1.4 Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols
... • A primary alcohol is an alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is bonded to a terminal carbon atom • A secondary alcohol is an alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is bonded to a carbon atom with two alkyl groups bonded to it • A tertiary alcohol is an alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is bonded to ...
... • A primary alcohol is an alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is bonded to a terminal carbon atom • A secondary alcohol is an alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is bonded to a carbon atom with two alkyl groups bonded to it • A tertiary alcohol is an alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is bonded to ...
Chapter 22 Organic and Biological Molecules
... Alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. Cycloalkanes are cyclic saturated hydrocarbons. The simplest alkane is methane. It can be represented by its molecular formula , CH4, or by its structural formula: ...
... Alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. Cycloalkanes are cyclic saturated hydrocarbons. The simplest alkane is methane. It can be represented by its molecular formula , CH4, or by its structural formula: ...
Lesson 19 - WordPress.com
... than their base alkanes due to the presence of two types of intermolecular forces: • Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole from the alkyl chain • Hydrogen bonds from the –OH group ...
... than their base alkanes due to the presence of two types of intermolecular forces: • Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole from the alkyl chain • Hydrogen bonds from the –OH group ...
10 | Carbon: More Than Just Another Element
... group gives ethane. If an H atom of ethane is replaced by yet another OCH3 group, propane results. Butane is derived from propane by replacing an H atom of one of the chain-ending carbon atoms with a OCH3 group. In all of these compounds, each C atom is attached to four other atoms, either C or H, s ...
... group gives ethane. If an H atom of ethane is replaced by yet another OCH3 group, propane results. Butane is derived from propane by replacing an H atom of one of the chain-ending carbon atoms with a OCH3 group. In all of these compounds, each C atom is attached to four other atoms, either C or H, s ...
Alcohols, phenols and ethers
... substituent to indicate where it attaches to the parent alkane. ...
... substituent to indicate where it attaches to the parent alkane. ...
CH 2 - sintak
... Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. IUPAC Gold Book ...
... Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. IUPAC Gold Book ...
naming and isomerism
... Empirical formula: shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound General formula: algebraic formula for a homologous series e.g. CnH2n Displayed formula: shows all the covalent bonds present in a molecule Homologous series are families of organic compounds with the s ...
... Empirical formula: shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound General formula: algebraic formula for a homologous series e.g. CnH2n Displayed formula: shows all the covalent bonds present in a molecule Homologous series are families of organic compounds with the s ...
Chapter Twenty-four
... • IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry • The first four alkanes (methane, ethane, propane, and butane) have nonsystematic names. ...
... • IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry • The first four alkanes (methane, ethane, propane, and butane) have nonsystematic names. ...
Compounds Containing A Single Bond To A
... double bond 2. Aryl halides have a halogen atom bonded to a benzene ring. 3. Allylic halides have X bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to ...
... double bond 2. Aryl halides have a halogen atom bonded to a benzene ring. 3. Allylic halides have X bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to ...
lab 15: hydrocarbons
... Combustion: Hydrocarbons easily combust in the presence of oxygen. They are commonly used for fuel. Wood, fuel oil, gasoline, diesel, and candle wax are all common flammable hydrocarbons fuels. ...
... Combustion: Hydrocarbons easily combust in the presence of oxygen. They are commonly used for fuel. Wood, fuel oil, gasoline, diesel, and candle wax are all common flammable hydrocarbons fuels. ...
Organic Isomers - Winston Knoll Collegiate
... which the methyl group in alanine has been replaced by a second hydrogen atom do not exist as enantiomers. All other 2-amino acids exist as two enantiomeric forms. Because these molecules are so similar, there is very little difference in their physical and chemical properties. In fact, the only dif ...
... which the methyl group in alanine has been replaced by a second hydrogen atom do not exist as enantiomers. All other 2-amino acids exist as two enantiomeric forms. Because these molecules are so similar, there is very little difference in their physical and chemical properties. In fact, the only dif ...
L2 - Alcohols and Phenols
... Naming Phenols as a Substituent Step 1: Identify the parent chain, numbering according to rules for alkanes, -enes, or alcohols. Step 2: list all substituents in alphebetical order with positions, including phenols. *use ortho-, meta-, and paradesignations to describe the position of the hydroxyl ...
... Naming Phenols as a Substituent Step 1: Identify the parent chain, numbering according to rules for alkanes, -enes, or alcohols. Step 2: list all substituents in alphebetical order with positions, including phenols. *use ortho-, meta-, and paradesignations to describe the position of the hydroxyl ...
Ch25_outline-of-organic-nomenclature-1
... • Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic hydrocarbons that have some particular features. • There is a p-orbital on each atom. – The molecule is planar. ...
... • Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic hydrocarbons that have some particular features. • There is a p-orbital on each atom. – The molecule is planar. ...
04_01_03.html
... Halogen and alkyl groups are of equal rank when it comes to numbering the chain. ...
... Halogen and alkyl groups are of equal rank when it comes to numbering the chain. ...
Functional Group Isomerism
... DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHAIN ISOMERS Isomers show similar chemical properties because the same functional group is present. ...
... DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHAIN ISOMERS Isomers show similar chemical properties because the same functional group is present. ...
4797 Chem Test Ch 21
... vulcanization functional group addition substitution e g c a h b f 2-chloro-2-methylpentane ethyl methyl ether methyl ethanoate 1-bromo-1-fluoroethane diethyl ether 2-pentanone OH ...
... vulcanization functional group addition substitution e g c a h b f 2-chloro-2-methylpentane ethyl methyl ether methyl ethanoate 1-bromo-1-fluoroethane diethyl ether 2-pentanone OH ...
alcohols
... THE NAMING OF ALCOHOLS The iupac naming of alcohols begins by choosing the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the OH functional group. 1) Locate the OH group using the lowest possible numbering and 2) The ending “e” is removed form the base name replaced by “ol”. (The common naming system involves ...
... THE NAMING OF ALCOHOLS The iupac naming of alcohols begins by choosing the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the OH functional group. 1) Locate the OH group using the lowest possible numbering and 2) The ending “e” is removed form the base name replaced by “ol”. (The common naming system involves ...
Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is a saturated hydrocarbon. Alkanes consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and all bonds are single bonds. Alkanes (technically, always acyclic or open-chain compounds) have the general chemical formula CnH2n+2. For example, Methane is CH4, in which n=1 (n being the number of Carbon atoms). Alkanes belong to a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a molecular mass of 14.03u (mass of a methanediyl group, —CH2—, one carbon atom of mass 12.01u, and two hydrogen atoms of mass ≈1.01u each). There are two main commercial sources: petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas.Each carbon atom has 4 bonds (either C-H or C-C bonds), and each hydrogen atom is joined to a carbon atom (H-C bonds). A series of linked carbon atoms is known as the carbon skeleton or carbon backbone. The number of carbon atoms is used to define the size of the alkane e.g., C2-alkane.An alkyl group, generally abbreviated with the symbol R, is a functional group or side-chain that, like an alkane, consists solely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, for example a methyl or ethyl group.The simplest possible alkane (the parent molecule) is methane, CH4. There is no limit to the number of carbon atoms that can be linked together, the only limitation being that the molecule is acyclic, is saturated, and is a hydrocarbon. Waxes include examples of larger alkanes where the number of carbons in the carbon backbone is greater than about 17, above which the compounds are solids at standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP).Alkanes are not very reactive and have little biological activity. All alkanes are colourless and odourless. Alkanes can be viewed as a molecular tree upon which can be hung the more biologically active/reactive portions (functional groups) of the molecule.